新能源汽车外文文献翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系（院）：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：2007 HERE COME THE... CLEANER,GREENER CARS附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文2007年来了...清洁，环保汽车一个全新的领域，在柴油发动机上使用电气混合燃料电池。

这个说法是针对混合动力汽车：美国人爱他们，不过只是猜测。

一些环保人士一直在疑惑，有没有更大的混合电池组，能不能够直接插在墙上进行充电，能不能提供动力让你开车去上班，电力与小型燃气发动机使其变为可能。

这个概念最初是一个环保主义者的梦想，是来自的费利克斯克莱默，他推动了公用事业支持插件的合作。

但现在电动汽车走向市场,就像其他高科技绿色汽车当年发展的情况一样。

清洁汽车新的一天清洁和环保汽车技术正在蒸蒸日上。

可充电混合动力车,在工业发展上展现了比1900年的黄金岁月高很多的研究和开发热情。

当汽油、蒸汽、电动车在市场上进行竞争，许多公司如通用汽车、还在嘲弄像罗杰和我这样的人,是谁扼杀了电动汽车的发展?事实上,美国通用汽车公司是第一个成功制造出了可充电混合动力车的公司,他们使用了一个有趣的新方法。

他们正在研发一种全新的推进系统,在最近的底特律车展上展示,那就是雪佛兰伏特。

随着seesawing对未来石油和汽油价格的不确定性，美国人终于将注意力集中在寻找燃油经济性车辆和展望他们的下一个大型多功能运动型车。

一个由具有很大影响力的公司JD Power and Associates去年夏天对消费者的调查发现，让人吃惊的是有57%的受访者会考虑购买他们的下一个混合动力汽车，有49%的购车者会考虑E85乙醇动力汽车。

另一项由Frost＆Sullivan的调查发现约有80%的人更关注较一年前的燃油价格。

几乎有一半的人说，如果燃油价格持续上涨的话他们会考虑购买更省油的汽车或混合动力汽车。

而从居住在美国的市民的调查中发现，有五分之一的让人印象深刻的说道，他们也开始使用替代交通工具：诸如自行车，步行，公共交通和电动汽车等等。

文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。

文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。

Revolution燃料电池汽车（车身部分）外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、Revolution Fuel-Cell Vehicle（body part）1. Introduction1.1 Revolution Fuel-Cell Vehicle profileIn recent years,the rapid development and commercialization of fuel-cell vehicle propulsion swept the whole word,and its energy efficient and zero emission or near-zero emissions,good environmental performance,making the development of hot spots of today's word energy and transport sectors. With rhe active participation of major international car manufacturers and oil giant,from the capital to technology,has invested heavily, fuel cell vehicles have been out of the lab,began commercial journey.Many experts are optimistic that fuel-cell vehicles will lead to a revolution in the automotiveindustry,and eventually replace the traditional diesel locomotive into the mainstream.The Revolution fuel-cell concept vehicle (Figure1.1)was developed internally by Hypercar to demonstrate the technicalfeasibility and societal, consumer, and competitive benefits of holistic vehicle design focused on efficiencyand lightweighting. It was designed to have breakthrough fuel economy and emissions, meet U.S. andEuropean Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and meet a rigorous and complete set of product requirements fora sporty five-passenger SUV crossover vehicle market segment with technologies that could be in volumeproduction at competitive cost within five years (Figure1.2).Figure 1.1 The Revolution fuel-cell concept vehicle1Figure 1.2 Photo of full-scale model of Revolution and package layout drawings1.2 Revolution Fuel-Cell Vehicle advanced technologyThe Revolution combines lightweight, aerodynamic, and electrically and thermally efficient design with a hybridized fuel-cell propulsion system to deliver an unprecedented combination of features:? Seats five adults with a package similar to the Lexus RX-300 ? 1.95-m3 cargo space with the rear seats folded flat? 2.38 L/100 km (42 km/L, 99 mpg) using compressed 345-bar gaseous hydrogen fuel ? 530-km range on 3.4 kg of hydrogen ? Zero tailpipe emissions? Accelerates 0�C100 km/h in 8.3 seconds ? No damage in impacts up to 10 km/h? All-wheel drive with digital traction and vehicle stability control? Ground clearance adjustable from 13�C20 cm through a semi-active suspension that adapts to2load, speed,location of the vehicle’s center of gravity, and terr ain? Body stiffness and torsional rigidity 50% higher than premium sports sedans ? Designed for a 300,000+-km service life? Modular electronics and software architecture and customizable user interface? Potential for the sticker price to be competitive with the Lexus RX300, Mercedes M320, and the BMW X5 3.0, with significantly lower lifecycle cost.How is this achieved? Through careful whole-system design that integrates several advanced technologies at once in synergistic ways. An overview of some of the technologies in the Revolution can be found in Figure1.3 and background information is available in [1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3].Figure1.3 Technologies within the Revolution1.3 Lightweight designEvery system in the Revolution is significantly lighter than conventional systems (Table 1.1 and Figure1.4).Different techniques were used for each system to achieve such weight savings. The body structure achieved nearly 60% mass reduction versus steel by using a combination of carbon-fiber composites, aluminum, and unreinforced thermoplastic.3Carbon-fiber composites were used in the passenger safety cell and in dedicated composite energy absorbing members. Aluminum was used primarily in a front-end sub-frame, and unreinforced composite panels form the vehicle’sskin (Figure 2.1). The aluminum subframe and plastic skin are made with standard production techniques and will thus not be discussed in detail here.Table 1.1 Mass comparison of Revolution with a conventional benchmark vehicleFigure1.4 Mass pie charts2. Composite Safety Cell Structural DesignThe overarching challenge to using lightweight materials is cost-effectiveness. As carbon fiber composites cost significantly more per kilogram and per unit stiffness than steel, cost savings must be found in thestructural design and manufacturing methods in order to make4composites economically feasible. The design strategy that Hypercar employed was four-tiered:minimizing the total amount of material (and its corollary:ensuring most effective use of the material used) through concentrated, highly effective use whenever used;simplifying assembly, tooling, parts handling, inventory, and processing costs through design; integrating as much functionality into the structure as was practical; and employing a novel manufacturing system for the fabrication of the individual parts. Several features of the design that support this strategy are described below. 2.1 Design features 2.1.1 Part consolidationThe primary structure is illustrated in Figures2.1 and Figures 2.2. It is composed of fourteen major parts and 62 total parts―65% and 77% fewer parts than in the equivalent portion of a conventional stamped steel BIW,respectively. Each major part in the composite safety cell is joined using a patent-pending blade and clevis fully bonded joining technique that is strong, robust, and self-fixturing. Together, the small number of parts and the joint design simplify assembly, as just a few parts must be held together until the adhesive bond sets up, without the need for complex fixtures.5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

new energy automobileIn 1839, Robert Anderson of Scotland to a carriage mounted on the battery and the electric motor, its successful transformation of the world's first a vehicle driven by electricity, which opened the curtain for the development of electric vehicles.Works flow route of electric vehicles: battery - current - power regulator - motor - drivetrain - drive the vehicle, power drive Move and control system is the core of the electric car is different from different points of the internal combustion engine vehicle;From a global point of view, the development of electric vehicles in China and developed countries almost stand on the same starting line,the vehicle has been initially formed products development system supporting the management mechanism and team composition, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, like cars have been achieved, key components, the fuel cell engine is the formation of the system, high-power nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion battery performance has been greatly enhanced, multi-energy control system initially formed.The main purpose of this writing is to deepen their own understanding of electric vehicles, so that more people understand the new energy and electric vehicles, and the majority of their prime comrades of electric vehicles are interested ability, can also be for our country or for The world automobile Energy to contribute their value.Even China's electric car industry has made a lot of progress, but today such a grim situation, before the dual crisis of energy and the environment has not been resolved, still need to continue to work hard, especially shoulder motherland in the future development of the important task of contemporary college students should the burdens of this great mission and responsibility.新能源汽车1839年，苏格兰的罗伯特·安德森给四轮马车装上了电池和电动机，将其成功改造为世界上第一辆靠电力驱动的车辆由此拉开了电动汽车发展的帷幕。

外文文献原稿和译文原稿A New Type Car -- Hybrid Electric VehicleWith skyrocketing fuel prices and changes in weather patterns, many car manufacturers claimed to develop the kind of vehicles that will increase the mileage and reduce the emissions. Hybrid car is a kind of vehicle which can meet above requirements. A hybrid car features a small fuel-efficient gas engine combined with an electric motor that assists the engine.The reasons of building such a complicated machine are twofold: to reduce tailpipe emissions and to improve mileage. Firstly, hybrid cars are good for the environment. They can reduce smog by 90 percent and they use far less gasoline than conventional cars. Meanwhile, hybrid cars burn less gasoline per mile, so they release fewer greenhouse gases. Secondly, hybrid cars are economical. Hybrid cars, which run on gas and electricity, can get up to 55 to 60 miles per gallon in city driving, while a typical SUV might use three times as much gas for the same distance! There are three reasons can mainly account for that: 1) Hybrid engines are much smaller than those on conventional cars. A hybrid car engine is to accommodate the 99% of driving time when a car is not going up hills or accelerating quickly. When extra acceleration power is needed, it relies on the battery to provide additional force. 2) Hybrid gasoline engine can shut off when the car is stopped and run off their electric motor and battery.3) Hybrid cars often recover braking energy. Electric motors could take the lost kinetic energy in braking and use it to charge the battery. Furthermore, hybrids are better than all-electric cars because hybrid car batteries recharge as you drive so there is no need to plug in. Most electric cars need to be recharged every 50-100miles. Also, most electric cars cannot go faster than 50-60 mph, while hybrids can.Hybrid cars bridge the gap between electric and gasoline-powered cars by traveling further and driving faster and hybrid gas-electric cars are proving to be a feasible alternative at a time of high gas prices. So, in my opinion, hybrid cars will have a bright future.How Does Hybrid Electric Vehicle Work？You probably own a gasoline or diesel-engine car. You may have heard ofelectric vehicles too. A hybrid vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a combination of both. Hybrid vehicles utilize two or more sources of energy for propulsion. In the case of HEVs, a combustion engine and an electric motor are used.How it works depends on the type of drive train it has. A hybrid vehicle can either have a parallel or series or parallel-series drive train.Parallel HybridThe parallel hybrid car has a gas tank, a combustion engine, transmission, electric motor, and batteries.A parallel hybrid is designed to run directly from either the combustion engine or the electric motor. It can run using both the engine and the motor. As a conventional vehicle, the parallel hybrid draws its power from the combustion engine which will then drive the transmission that turns the wheels. If it is using the electric motor, the car draws its power from the batteries. The energy from the batteries will then power the electric motor that drives the transmission and turns the wheel.Both the combustion engine and the electric motor are used at the same time during quick acceleration, on steep ascend, or when either the engine or the motor needs additional boost.Since the engine is directly connected to the wheels in a parallel drive train, it eliminates the inefficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and back. This makes a very effective vehicle to drive on the highway.Series HybridThe series hybrid car also has a gas tank, a combustion engine, transmission, electric motor, and batteries with the addition of the generator. The generator can be the electric motor or it can be another separate component.The series configuration is the simplest among the 3. The engine is not connected to the transmission rather it is connected to the electric motor. This means that the transmission can be driven only by the electric motor which draws its energy from the battery pack, the engine or the generator.A hybrid car with a series drive train is more suited for city driving conditions since the engine will not be subjected to the varying speed demands (stop, go, and idle) that contributes to fuel consumption.Series-Parallel HybridThe series-parallel configuration solves the individual problems of the parallel and series hybrid. By combining the 2 designs, the transmission can be directly connected to the engine or can be separated for optimum fuel consumption. The Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape Hybrid use this technology.Honda’s hybridFor those of you who have toyed with the idea of buying a hybrid but were discouraged by the price, you are not alone. In fact, despite the growing concern for the environment, not to mention the skyrocketing price of gas, hybrid cars still only represent a small percentage of global car sales, and a major reason for this is the cost.Hybrids are considered the wave of the future because they not only reduce emissions, addressing the issue of climate change, but they get great gas mileage, animportant consideration with the current price of oil. It should be noted that hybrids can also improve the power of the engine, which compromises any advantages in fuel efficiency and emissions. Whatever the application, however, the technology makes the cars more expensive.Because of this, they are the vehicle of choice for only a small niche of people who can afford them, and they currently enjoy a special status amongst the image conscious celebrity-set. For most average consumers, however, they are not an option.That may soon change.Honda Motor Corporation, one of the largest car manufacturers in the world and a leader in fuel efficient technology, has unveiled it’s plan to introduce a low-cost hybrid by 2009. If they can pull it off, they hope to make the hybrid a more mainstream car that will be more appealing to the general public, with the ultimate goal of achieving greater sales and broader appeal than their current incarnation.This, of course, is making Detroit nervous, and may signal a need for American car makers to start making greener and more fuel efficient vehicles, something they could afford to ignore in the past because hybrid cars weren’t worth their attention (due to such a small market share) while gas-guzzling SUVs have such high profit margins.Honda, meanwhile, has had to confront a growing need to compete with Toyota, which has not only grown to be the world’s largest automaker, but makes the car that has become synonymous with the hybrid movement, the Prius. Honda is therefore faced with the seemingly insurmountable task of challenging Toyota’s dominance in the market.Concurrently, Toyota is racing to lower production costs on the Prius, as well, which would hopefully result in a lower cost to the consumer. All eyes are on a potentially favorable car buyers market in 2009.In the meantime, with even adamant global warming naysayers warming up (no pun intended) to the possibilities of an ecological disaster on the horizon, maybe it’s time that we got over our need to drive huge SUVs and start moderating our fuel consumption.Then again, as gas prices hovering around $4.00 and with no ceiling in sight, we may have little choice in the matter.Engine Operating PrinciplesMost automobile dngines are internal combustion, reciprocating 4-stroke gasoline engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel, the rotary ( Wankel ) , the 2-srtoke, and stratified charge.Reciprocating means up and down or banck and forth, It is the up and down action of a piston in the cylinder blick, or engine block. The blick is an iron or aluminum casting that contains engine cylinders and passges called water jackets for coolant circulation. The top of the block is covered with the cylinder head. Which forms the combustion chanber. The bottom of the block is covered with an oil pan or oil sump.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. However, this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars of trucks. The piston is attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large beaings called rod bearings. Similar bearings, called main bearings, are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. Shown in Fig. 1-1The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore. Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specifications. Displacement indicates engine size, and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume.The term stroke is used to describe the movement of the iston within the cylinder, as well as the distance of piston travel. Depending on the type of engine the operating cycle may require either two or four strokes to complete. The 4-stroke engine is also called Otto cycle engine, in honor of the German engineer, Dr. Nikolaus Otto, who first applied the principle in 1876. In the 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action it performs intake, compression, power, and exhaust in that order, shown in Fig1-2.1、Intake strokeAs the piston moves down, the vaporized mixture of fuel and air enters the cylinder through open intake valve. To obtain the maximum filling of the cylinder the intake valve opens about 10°before t.b.c., giving 20°overlap. The inlet valve remains open until some 50°after b.d.c. to take advantage of incoming mixture.2、 Compression strokeThe piston turns up, the intake valve closes, the mixture is compressed within the combustion chamber, while the pressure rise to about 1Mpa, depending on various factors including the compression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed. Near the top of the stroke the mixture is ignited by a spark which bridges the gap of the spark plug.3、 Power strokeThe expanding gases of combustion produces a rise in pressure of the gas to some 3.5Mpa, and the piston is forced down in the cylinder. The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke.4、Exhust strokeThe piston moves back up with the exhaust valve open some 50°before b.d.d., allowing the pressure within the cylinder to fall and to reduce ‘back’pressure on the piston during the exhaust stroke, and the burned gases are pushed out to prepare for the next intake stroke.The intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke. This 4-stroke cycle is continuously repeared in every as long as the engineremains running.A 2-stroke engine also goes through four actions to complete one operatingcycle.However, the intake and the compression actions are combined in one seroke, and the power and exhaust actions are combined in the other stroke. The term2-stroke cycle or 2-stroke is preferred to the term 2-cycle, which is really not accurate.In automobile engines, all pistons are attached to a single crankshaft. The more cylinders an engine has, the more power strokes produced for cach revolution. This means that an 8-cylinder engine runs more smoothly bdcause the power atrokes are closer together in time and in degrees of engine rotation.The cylinders of multi-cylinder automotive engines arranged in one of three ways. 1、Inline engines use a single block of cylinder.Most 4-cylinder and any 6-cylinder engines are of this design. The cylinders do not have to be vertical. They can be inclined either side.2、V-type engines use two equal bands of cylinders, usually inclined 60degrees or 90degrees from the cach other. Most V-type engines have 6 or 8 cylinders, although V-4 and V-12 engines have been built.3、Horizontally opposed or pancake engines have two equal banks of cylinders 180degreeas apart. These space saving engine designs are often air-cooled, and are found in the Chevrolet Carvair, Porsches, Subaus, and V olkswagens. Subaus design is liquid cooled.Late-model V olkswagen vans use a liquid-cooled version of the air cooled VWhorizontally opposed engine.译文新型汽车----混合动力汽车在油价飞涨的今天，汽车制造商被要求发展一种排放低，行驶里程长的汽车。

New Energy Vehicles: Driving the Future of Sustainable TransportationIn the contemporary era of rapid technological advancements, the automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift. The emergence of new energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a significant milestone in this transition, heralding a new era of sustainable transportation. These vehicles, powered by alternative sources of energy such as electricity, hydrogen, and solar, are revolutionizing the way we travel, reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating the environmental impacts of traditional automobiles.The rise of NEVs is not just a technological trend;it's a societal imperative. With the escalating concerns over climate change and air pollution, the need for eco-friendly modes of transportation has become increasingly urgent. NEVs offer a viable solution, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and quieter operation. This shift towards sustainability is not only beneficialfor the environment but also presents economicopportunities, driving innovation and job creation in the automotive sector.One of the most prominent types of NEVs is electric vehicles (EVs). These vehicles are powered by batteries, eliminating the need for internal combustion engines and the associated emissions. The popularity of EVs has grown significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of manufacturers offering a diverse range of models, from compact cars to heavy-duty trucks. The development of advanced battery technology has been a key driver in the widespread adoption of EVs, enabling longer driving ranges and faster charging times.Another noteworthy area in the NEV landscape is hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. These vehicles use hydrogen as a fuel source, converting it into electricity through a chemical reaction. This process produces only water as a byproduct, making hydrogen fuel cell vehicles truly zero-emission. While the infrastructure for hydrogen fueling stations is still in its infancy, the potential of this technology is immense, offering a clean and efficient alternative to fossil fuels.Moreover, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar power into NEVs is gaining momentum. Solar-powered vehicles harness the sun's energy to charge their batteries, further reducing their carbon footprint. While solar-powered vehicles may not yet be suitable for all types of transportation, they represent a promising direction for future development.However, the widespread adoption of NEVs faces several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the cost of these vehicles, which is often higher than traditional gasoline-powered cars. Government incentives and subsidies can help offset these costs and encourage consumers to make the switch. Additionally, the infrastructure for charging stations and hydrogen fueling facilities needs to be expanded to support the growing number of NEVs on the road. Another challenge is the need for standardized charging and fueling protocols. Different manufacturers often use proprietary systems, which can create inconveniences for consumers. Establishing universal standards would greatly enhance the usability and adoption of NEVs.Despite these challenges, the future of NEVs looks bright. As technology continues to evolve and costs come down, these vehicles are expected to become more accessible and widespread. Innovations in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and renewable energy integration willfurther enhance the performance and sustainability of NEVs. Moreover, the automotive industry is collaborating with governments, research institutions, and other stakeholdersto address the challenges facing NEVs. These collaborations are focused on developing new technologies, improving infrastructure, and creating policies that support the widespread adoption of sustainable transportation solutions. In conclusion, new energy vehicles represent a pivotal shift in the automotive industry, ushering in a new era of sustainable transportation. While challenges remain, the potential benefits of NEVs are immense, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and economic opportunities. As technology and infrastructure continue to evolve, we can expect to see a growing number of NEVs onour roads, driving us towards a more sustainable future.**新能源汽车：驱动可持续交通的未来**在当今科技飞速发展的时代，汽车行业正经历着范式转变。

国外关于新能源汽车的文献
1.'TheFutureofElectricVehicles:OpportunitiesandChallenges'(英国)-这篇文献讨论了电动汽车的未来发展趋势、机遇和挑战，探讨了政策、技术和市场等方面的影响因素。

2. 'Electric Vehicle Policies and Market Development in China' (中国) - 这篇文献主要介绍了中国的新能源汽车政策和市场发展情况，分析了政策实施效果和未来发展趋势。

3. 'The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid' (美国) - 这篇文献探讨了电动汽车对电网的影响，包括充电需求、电网负荷和能源管理等方面的问题。

4. 'Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles' (日本) - 这篇文献介绍了电动汽车用电池技术的发展历程，讨论了不同类型电池的优缺点和应用范围。

5. 'The Economics of Electric Vehicles' (德国) - 这篇文献分析了电动汽车的经济学特征，包括成本结构、市场需求和政策支持等方面的因素。

6. 'The Role of Renewable Energy in Electric Vehicle Charging' (丹麦) - 这篇文献讨论了可再生能源在电动汽车充电方面的应用和前景，探讨了能源转型和环保需求等方面的关联。

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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料外文翻译原文：As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress ofthe society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system,electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going andstability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects ofsuperior internal-combustion vehicles.Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the carwill was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.译文：随着世界能源危机的持续，以及战争和能源-----石油的消耗及汽车饱有量的增加，能源在一天一天下降，终有一天它会消失的无影无踪。

新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。

wars。

and increasing oil n。

the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。

and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。

the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。

growing XXX。

XXX and American automakers。

XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。

Tesla Motors。

a new American automaker。

has launched its first battery-powered car。

the Tesla Roadster。

As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。

and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。

XXX vehicles。

XXX。

key components。

and system n。

They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。

pure electric vehicles。

and fuel cell vehicles。

and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。

motor drive systems。

and power XXX industry。