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英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.44、The odds are against such hopes being realized.实现这些希望的可能性很小。
1. 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍鱼而去熊掌者也。
As delicacies, both fish and bear’s paws are what I want. But if I were forced to choose between them, I would prefer the latter to the former(But if I had only one alternative…)2. （…黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。
）见渔人，乃大惊；问所从来，具答之。
(The villagers, both old and young, looked happy and pleased with themselves.)Upon seeing the fisherman, they were startled, asking from where he came, and he answered their question patiently.3. 抚军亦厚赉成。
不岁数，田百顷，楼阁万椽，牛羊各千计。
As a compensation for his loss of son. Fujun(the military officer)bestowed him a big favor by giving him a lot of money. A few years later he became a man of property, owning hundreds of hectares of farmland, numerous spacious houses, and a large flock of sheep and cattle.4. 项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。
Xiang, the military lord, wept his loss of the battle, with tears running down on his face. His attendant generals and soldiers, lowering their heads, just followed suit.5. 子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？If you don’t believe me, I will show you my prowess. Please you walk after me, and you’ll see all the beasts be scared away by my presence.6. 明日，徐公来，熟视之，自以为不如;窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。
英汉对比与翻译概论期末复习指南Cha. 1一、汉语的注音⏹汉语是象形文字，不具有表音的作用。
⏹历史上曾有过多种为汉字注音的尝试，如：❑直音：午，音五。
❑反切：力，了一切。
∴王力→王了一❑注音字母(1918)：ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌ(bpmfdtnl)❑Wade-Giles (威妥玛–翟理斯式拼音法,简称威氏拼音法, 1867/1912): Mao Tse-tung, Chou Enlai❑汉语拼音(1958/1978)：Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai❑2009年初台湾宣布采用汉语拼音二、英语的注音⏹国际音标⏹KK音标⏹韦氏音标Cha. 2一、音译⏹音译法⏹是用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词或词组的发音而引入吸收新词的一种主要方法。
❑音译法常用来翻译专有名词(人名、地名)，但有些外来商品的商标，部分书名、电影、电视剧、戏剧名，科技发明创造，以及某些新生事物所产生的新词语也采用音译法。
❑音译往往是不得已而为之，音译过来的东西往往无法从字面上看出其内涵，有时译文会使读者产生文化隔膜，导致理解上的困难。
⏹全音译：⏹指全部按照英语单词的发音来选择汉字表达的翻译方法。
❑这种译法很有异国情调，给人以新鲜感，时髦感，体现时代精神，紧跟时代潮流。
⏹analgin 安乃近⏹Bisquit 百事吉⏹copy 拷贝⏹Delicious 得利斯⏹Fiyta 飞亚达⏹Kodak 柯达⏹Ford 福特⏹Lactov 乐口福⏹Lucky 乐凯⏹Paloma 百乐满⏹party 派对⏹Polaroid 宝利莱⏹salad 色拉⏹shampoo 香波⏹toast 吐司⏹部分音译部分意译：⏹指在英语名词音译前或后再加上说明性文字，让人们知道该名称的性质是什么。
❑但随着该词的流行和接受程度，意译部分逐渐淘汰，弃而不用。
⏹B owling 保龄球⏹Cookies 曲奇饼⏹Clean & Clear 可伶可俐洗面奶⏹Disco 迪斯科舞⏹Jacket 夹克衫⏹Golf 高尔夫球⏹Good 古德面包⏹Head & Shoulders 海飞丝洗发露⏹Jeep 吉普车⏹More 摩尔香烟⏹Pizza 比萨饼⏹Safeguard 舒肤佳香皂⏹Sardine 沙丁鱼罐头⏹Toffee 太妃糖⏹Top 脱普洗头膏⏹Sony 索尼电器⏹Waltz 华尔兹舞⏹约定俗成的译名不应重新改译，最好尽量保留原译名。
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68）粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random（with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious （with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth （with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty （with red gut and heart）无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness （to get into every hole）扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated （to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point （to open the door and see the mountain）大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二．翻译下列句子（1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。
《英汉翻译》期末试卷I.Multiple Choice. 10%1.西周之前，我国不同地方对翻译的称法不同，有“象、寄、译、狄”，而其中 B 的“译”延用至今。
A.南方B.北方C.东方D. 西方2.我国唐代翻译界巨星玄奘对翻译理论的主张是 C 。
A. 案本而传，依实出华B.不令有损言游字C. 既须求真，又须喻俗D. 不增不减，词序调整3.鲁迅针对翻译理论提出 C 。
A. 译文要与原文同样流畅B. 信、达、美C. 一当力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿D. 重神似而不重形似4. D 翻译的作品达三十余种，其中包括巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》和罗曼•罗兰的《约翰•克利斯朵夫》。
A. 鲁迅B. 赵景强C. 瞿秋白D. 傅雷5.意大利人利马窦十六世纪后期来到中国，是 B 沟通中西文化的第一人。
A. 唐朝B. 明朝C. 宋朝D. 汉朝6.根据传统翻译理论，_______不属于翻译技巧范畴。
A. 增益法B. 演绎法C. 褒贬法D. 转换法7.下列选项不正确的一项是 A 。
A. 英语属拉美语系B. 汉语属象形文字C. 英语属表音文字D. 汉语属汉藏语言8.就英汉两种语言的语序而言，下列选项中正确的一项是 D 。
A. 汉语大量使用分词和从句B. 英语叙事多靠并列句和意合句C. 汉语时态可以通过动词的屈折变化表示。
D. 英语状语较灵活，汉语状语较固定。
9.这具有重大的历史性意义 B 。
This is of historic significance.This has great historic significance.Its historic significance is great.It It’’s significant in history.It won’’t be long before we’ll be making such planes ourselves.10、It wonBA.不久我们自己将正在生产这种飞机。
她望着蔚蓝的大海。
She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。
As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。
(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航承前启后，继往开来的重要时期。
题型一、单选（1分*10个=10分）n、adj、v、prep、短语二、句子翻译（3分*10个=30分）教材上、PPT上内容三、段落翻译（20分）选自PPT练习，10个句子四、简单句（20分）7个句型（1分），例句（2分）五、论述题（20分）二、1.楼高106米的深茂商业中心占地4201平方米，南靠深南大道，西临香密湖度假村，东连未来市中心新政大楼建筑群，共有楼面26层和地上车库两层。
Shenmao Commercial Centre stands 106meters high on a 4201 sq. meters site, consisting of 26 storeys and double-level underground car park. It borders Shennan Road to the south, Xiangmi Lake Holiday Resort to the west and the new municipal office building complex, the would-be city center, to the east.2.天目山树深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。
Mt. Tianmu is like a fairy land. It is densely forested and scarcely frequented, with spring flowing over the rocks and fog streaming around the mountain sides.3.花前月下，情深深，意浓浓。
Many a moonlit night saw us sauntering along the flower-flanked paths exchanging words of love and affection.4.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导深入贯彻落实科学发展观。
1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。
2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。
3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life.译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。
青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。
4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。
这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。
5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。
6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。
