Unit 12 翻译中视角的转移

Book 3Unit 121. evolve from2. build into使成为构成部分；嵌入，内置（= write in）3. struggle for为 努力4. be attached to 与 有关attach importance to重视5. run into撞见；遇到6. strive for追赶；奋斗7. be born with与生俱来8. regardless of不论怎样9. if it were not =were it not for要不是10. sb have difficulty in doing sth 某人做某事有困难11. As I have mentioned 正如我所说12. in power 掌权的13. get across 被理解14. cannot fail to do 必然（不可以不） = never fail to do (激烈 )15. band together 结合16. fight for 为 而战；争取获取17. the lion’s share of 最大的一分18. go over 复习；回首19. the list is endless 举不胜举20. compete for 争取21. by far (修饰比较级，最高等，重申数目，程度等 ) 得多；明显；最注意： by far the better (by far +the+adj.)22. in conflict with 与 矛盾23. be destructive to 对 是致命的24. be reworded into 换成（语言）25. be associated with 与 相联系26. in proportion to 与 成比率27. built-in 固有的28. in one’s attempt to 在我们的努力中29. branch out 开拓新领域branch out on one’s own 自开路子；开始过自己的生活30. gain v. 经过努力获取；喜悦；增添31. approach v.靠近；找商议；向提出建议要求；办理问题32. benefit v. 对 有利处；受益（ from/by）benefit performance 公演be of benefit 对 有利处for one’s benefit 为了 sb的利益have the benefit of33. fail v.失败；使绝望；破产；消逝34. break up 粉碎；分手；break out （战争，火灾）迸发break into/in非法闯进break through打破，打破，突围35.for the sake of safety 为了安全起见36.call on 呼吁；接见call out 出动，招集；高声叫唤37.stand on the side of 站在 一边；包庇；帮着stand behind做后盾38.get across 超出，渡过（一端到另一端）get through穿过（内部）slip through（从窄缝中）溜过，轻盈地穿过39. look around(round)环视40. in the hope that怀着 希望41. written on被写在 上42. strike out独立闯新路43.contradictory to 与 相矛盾44.share among=divide among 在 之间分派share with sb与 sb 一同分担Translation1.第二次世界大战此后，好多国家一个一个地博得了独立。

英汉互译的视角转移曹旭【摘要】句子主语是构成语言视角的基础性因素,在英汉互译过程中,译者往往需要从对译文主语的准确把握上出发,对复杂的语言材料进行视角处理.主要有4种情形的视角转移处理方式:变换主语的人称或物称;适应不同文化背景下的语义逻辑,搭配好主谓;对上下层级的处理;着眼句群.英汉互译过程中要注意视角的差异及正确处理视角的变化,这样才能使译文地道,使译文具有可读性,真正做到翻译与文化的融合.【期刊名称】《黎明职业大学学报》【年(卷),期】2015(000)001【总页数】4页(P66-69)【关键词】英语;汉语;翻译;视角转移;主语【作者】曹旭【作者单位】黎明职业大学外语外贸与旅游学院,福建泉州362000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H059视角是叙事学当中最重要的词汇之一，它体现出人物观察事物的角度；角度不同，则事物展现出来的面貌很可能大相径庭。

一个句子以什么样的视角出现，句子的主语是决定因素；主语不同，则视角不同。

英汉互译过程中必须正确把握两种语言在主语设定及其效果的差别，使译文更加符合语言的自然形式，更加贴近中、西方各有的思维习惯、观察事物习惯。

英汉两种语言在句子主语或用人称或用物称的差异，导致英汉语句视角有所差别，这应当是英汉语句视角差异的最基本表现。

这也成为研究英汉语句视角差异须首要了解的问题。

虽然英语句子和汉语句子都大量存在人称做主语的现象，但是，英语句子除了以人称做主语外，还有大量的以物称做主语，即以动物、或物品、或事件作为句子的主语。

相比较而言，汉语更多使用着以人称做主语的句子，此外是大量的无主句——无主句中被省略的主语也多为人称主语。

英语以物称做主语，是由于西方文化历来注重自然科学和逻辑学，更注重客观。

可见，在英汉两种语言间翻译，需要在相应语言环境和文化环境中准确把握语句的主语。

连淑能就英语常以物称做主语这一现象，认为：“非人称表达法仍是英语常见的一种文风，尤其常见于书面语，如公文、新闻、科技论著以及散文、小说等文学作品。

Unit 12“Take Over, Bos’n!〞Oscar Schisgall1 Hour after hour I kept the gun pointed at the other nine men. From the lifeboat’s stern, where I’d sat most of the twenty days of our drifting, I could keep them all covered. If I had to shoot at such close qu arters, I wouldn’t miss. They realized that. Nobody jumped at me. But in the way they all glared I could see how they’d come to hate my guts.2 Especially Barrett, who’d been bos’n’s mate; Barrett said in his harsh, cracked voice, “You’re a fool, Snyder. Y-you can’t hold out forever! You’re half asleep now!〞3 I didn’t answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadn’t dared to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now I’d doze off, and the instant that happened they’d jump on the li ttle water that was left.4 The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasn’t much in it after twenty days. Maybea pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they’d gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didn’t count any more. I was no longer third officer4 of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy.5 The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension. Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the morning sun was hot –so hot it scorched your skin. My own tongue was thick enough to clog my throat. I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.6 But I was the man with the gun — the only authority in the boat — and I knew this: once the water was gone we’d have nothing to look forward to but death. As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for. We had to make it last as long as possible. If I’d given in to the curses, we’d have emptied the last canteen days ago. By now we’d all be dead.7 The men weren’t pulling on the oars. They’d stopped that long ago, too weak to go o n. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and Iprobably looked as bad as the rest. Some sprawled over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant I relaxed.8 When they were n’t looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs.9 Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. The bos’n’s mate was a heavy man, bald, with a scarred and brutal face. He’d been in a hundred fights, and they’d left their marks on him.10 Barrett had been able to sleep —in fact, he’d slept through most of the night – and I envied him that. His eyes wouldn’t close. They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous.11 Every now and then he taunted me in that hoarse, broken voice:12 “Why don’t you quit? You can’t hold out!〞13 “Tonight,〞I said. “We’ll ration the rest of the water tonight.〞14 “By tonight some of us’ll be dead! We want it now!〞15 “Tonight ,〞I said.16 Couldn’t he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn’t be sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning. His mind had already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I aimed the gun at his chest – and he sat down again.17 I’d grabbed my Luger on inst inct, twenty days ago, just before running for the lifeboat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.18 These fools —couldn’t they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But I was in command here — that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the man who had to think. Each of the others could afford to think only of himself; I had to think of them all.19 Barrett’s eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hated him. I hated him all the more because he’d slept. He had that advantage now. He wouldn’t keel over.20 And long before noon I knew I couldn’t fight any more. My eyelids were too heavy to lift. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It fil led my brain like a cloud. I was going, going …21 Barrett stood over me, and I couldn’t even lift the gun. In a vague way I could guess what would happen. He’d grab the water first and take his drop. By that time the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and he’d have to yield the canteen. Well, there was nothing more I could do about it.22 I whispered, “Take over, bos’n.〞23 Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopped moving…24 When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head. Jeff Barrett’s hoarse voice said, “Here! Take your share o’ the water!〞25 Somehow I propped myself up on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at the men, andI thought my eyes were going. Their figures were dim, shadowy; but then I realized it wasn’t because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were stars overhead, I’d slept the day away.26 So we were in our twenty-first night adrift —the night in which the tramp Croton finally picked us up – but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no sign of any ship. He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with gun steady on the men.27 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadn’t they finished that pint of water this morning? When I looked u p at Barrett’s ugly face, it was grim. He must have guessed my thoughts.28 “You said, ‘Take over, bos’n,’ didn’t you?〞he growled. “I’ve been holding off these apes all day.〞He hefted the Luger in his hand. “When you’re boss-man,〞he added, “in command and responsible for the rest — you —you sure get to see things different, don’t you?〞“水手长，接手吧!〞奥斯卡·希斯高尔1. 一小时又一小时，我用枪指着其他九个人。

Book 3 Unit 121. evolve from2. build into 使成为组成部分；嵌入，内置（= write in）3. struggle for 为…努力4. be attached to 与……相关attach importance to 重视5. run into 撞见；碰到6. strive for 追逐；奋斗7. be born with 与生俱来8. regardless of 无论如何9. if it were not =were it not for 要不是10. sb have difficulty in doing sth 某人做某事有困难11. As I have mentioned 正如我所说12. in power 掌权的13. get across 被理解14. cannot fail to do 必定（不能不）= never fail to do (强烈)15. band together 联合16. fight for 为……而战；争取获得17. the lion’s share of 最大的一分18. go over 复习；回顾19. the list is endless 举不胜举20. compete for 争取21. by far (修饰比较级，最高级，强调数量，程度等)…得多；显然；最 注意：by far the better (by far +the+adj.)22. in conflict with 与…冲突23. be destructive to 对……是致命的24. be reworded into 换成（言语）25. be associated with 与……相联系26. in proportion to 与……成比例27. built-in 固有的28. in one’s attempt to 在我们的努力中29. branch out 开辟新领域branch out on one’s own 自开门路；开始过自己的生活30. gain v. 通过努力获得；得意；增加31. approach v.接近；找……商量；向……提出建议要求；处理问题32. benefit v. 对……有好处；得益（from/by）benefit performance 公演be of benefit 对……有好处for one’s benefit 为了sb的利益have the benefit of33. fail v.失败；使失望；破产；消失34. break up 粉碎；分手；break out （战争，火灾）爆发break into/in 非法闯入break through 突破，冲破，突围35. for the sake of safety 为了安全起见36. call on 号召；访问call out 出动，召集；大声叫喊37. stand on the side of 站在……一边；袒护；帮着 stand behind 做后援38. get across 越过，渡过（一端到另一端）get through 穿过 （内部）slip through （从窄缝中）溜过，轻快地穿过39. look around(round) 环顾40. in the hope that 怀着……希望41. written on 被写在……上42. strike out 独立闯新路43. contradictory to 与……相矛盾44. share among=divide among 在……之间分配share with sb 与sb 一起分担Translation 1. 第二次世界大战以后，很多国家一个一个地赢得了独立。