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动词-ing 形式动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。
如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。
如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。
如:It’s no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
二、动词-ing用作宾语1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。
动词—ing形式被动式的语法功能作者：詹春萍来源：《高中生学习·高二理综版》2013年第03期动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的三种形式之一，结构虽然不是很复杂，但内涵丰富，功能较多。
今天我们就着重谈谈动词-ing形式的被动式。
通过下面的表格我们对它的构成会有比较清晰的了解。
[名称＼&形式＼&语法意义＼&一般被动形式＼&being done＼&表示正在进行的被动动作或被动动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生＼&完成被动式＼&having been done＼&表示被动动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前＼&]The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.松鼠很幸运，逃脱了捕获。
Having been exposed to the sunlight for long，you will feel faint and sick.长时间呆在阳光下，你会感到头晕、不舒服。
就语法功能而言，动词-ing形式可以在句中充当以下六种成分：一、作主语Being exposed to the sunlight for long is harmful to your skin.长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤不好。
细心的同学会发现这个句子跟前面一个句子很像，但所用形式不同。
我们要记住的是：动词-ing的完成被动式不能作主语。
二、作宾语1. 作动词宾语Nobody likes being laughed at in public.没有人喜欢被当众嘲笑。
想掌握动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语，首先要记住常见的后面要求跟-ing形式作宾语的动词。
如：consider， suggest/advise， look forward to， admit， delay， avoid， miss， practice，deny， finish， enjoy， appreciate， imagine， risk， mind， escape。
动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。
可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类A.动词-ing形式的一般式主动语态为动词+ing 被动语态为being+动词过去分词1. 动词-ing形式的一般式主动形式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B. 动词-ing形式的完成式动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
动词i n g的被动语态集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）动词i n g形式的被动结构动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
一、动名词的被动语态1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。
He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The radio needs repairing.＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。
(2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。
My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下二、现在分词的被动语态其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。
如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。
The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。
Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？注意：当分词所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或正在进行，则用being＋过去分词；当分词所表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been＋过去分词。
动词-ing形式表被动例析动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词，它们都属于非谓语动词。
一般来说动词-ing形式表示主动意义，这一点我们不难理解。
可是在有些情况下动词-ing形式也可以表示被动意义，下面就-ing形式表被动总结如下：1、在want,need,require,demand,deserve等动词后面，用动词的-ing形式表被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式来表示，但一般情况下用-ing形式。
例：Li Ming can’t see the blackboard clearly. His eyes want testing ( = to be tested ).李明看不清黑板，他的眼睛需要测试一下了。
My T-shirt needs washing ( = to be washed ).我的T恤衫需要洗一洗了。
Those flowers require watering ( = to be required ). 那些花需要浇水。
2、在动词stand,bear后，动词的-ing形式与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，-ing的主动形式表被动意义。
stand多用于口语中，通常以否定形式出现。
bear也多用于口语中，通常与will,can,could连用，尤其是在否定句中。
例：The monitor can’t stand criticizing. 班长不能忍受批评。
Mary won’t bear thinking of.玛丽不堪被人想念。
His joke will bear repeating and is amusing enough to be heard again.他的笑话百听不厌。
3、某些动词的-ing形式表示被动意义，这种句子的主语通常情况下是物。
例：The jeans are washing easily. 这些牛仔裤容易清洗。
Those books are printing.那些书籍正在印刷。
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语现在分词注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：2.V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种;二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行;1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事;Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事;Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害; The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果;2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;He was afraid of _________________ abandon by did it without ___________ askYou can’t eat anything before _____________operate onI remember havingbeen told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲;What I hate most is ________________ laugh atThe problem is for from _______________ settle注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式having been done;如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会;②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行;③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done;如：Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶;The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕;现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语除个别情形例外；在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式being done作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用;I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ build注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式being done作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;The meeting ______________ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ operateon in the operating room. 注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作;如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补;The building having been built last year ×The building built last year √We found him having been killed. ×We found him killed √考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室;Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅;Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了;Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做;注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构;The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大;而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成：The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换;但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语;Asked=Having been asked to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影;Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,但终归区别还是不大;Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;②在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义;His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;如：We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析例题1题干_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. 上海, 2002A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposeD. After beingexposed答案C解析本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C;例题2题干The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.答案being caught being left解析V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;例题3题干_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling答案A解析先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用基础1.________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off theirattempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案：A C解析：1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前;2.被抓住,所以用动名词的一般被动式巩固1.________ many times, he finally understood it.B. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told2. Your car needs ____________fill. 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________visit. 这座城市值得光顾一下;The problem requires ___________ studycarefully.这个问题需要认真研究;The trees want ___________ water.这些树需要浇水了;答案：2． filling visiting studying watering解析：1尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;被告诉发生在犯错误之前2.在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;拔高1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood misunderstoodC. Having understoodD. Misunderstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. 2000, 上海A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invite3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched答案：解析：现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式being done可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语,一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法,只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法,既表被动又表进行;2、现在分词的被动完成式having been done,只表被动不表进行,可作宾语和状语,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作;3、V-ing的一般被动式being done一般不用作状语,因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语;所以像这句话：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见,习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据;课后作业基础请看下列句子,看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分;1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn’t mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away巩固将下列句子翻译成英语;1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑;2. 这问题远远没有解决;3. 没有谁请他做,是他自己做的;4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西;5. 既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划;拔高改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he went ill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.答案基础1主语 2宾语 3定语 4状语 5状语巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that. 2. This question is far from being settled. 3. He did it without being asked. 4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on. 5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan拔高.1.losing--- lost2.he walking3.having 删除4.having been trained5.walking。
一. 动词-ing形式的构成:doing时态和语态:一般式: done, not doing完成式: having done, not having done被动形式:being done, not being doneHaving been done, not having done二.功能1. 作主语(谓语动词用单数)(1).直接作主语Playing with fire is dangerous.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(2).用it 作形式主语It is no use trying to persuade him.It is a waste of time arguing about it.2.作表语:说明主语的性特征或具体内容The dinner looks inviting.晚餐很诱人.His job is delivering newspapers.注:主系表结构中的主语和表语需用同类的非谓语动词,即主语和表语都是动词不定式或都是动词-ing形式To see is to believe.Keeping is harder than winning.创业不易,守业更难.3.作定语:可作前置定语和后置定语(相当于一个定语从句)单个动词-ing形式作定语,一般置于被修饰的名词之前,有两个主要作用(1). 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能a smoking room=a room which is used for smokinga sleeping car=a car which is used for sleepinga walking stick=a stick which is used to help you walk(2).表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping后置定语作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰的词的后面The building being built now is a hospital.4.作宾语:用在动词和介词后面You had better avoid going there.A parrot learns new words by copying what people say.5. 作宾语补足语:谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语往往是动词- ing形式的逻辑主语(1).在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语,如:hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch He saw the children playing in the yard.(2).表示”致使”等意义的后,如:catch, have, get, keep, set, leaveI am sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long.The joke set everybody laughing.注:这种结构如使用被动语态,动词-ing形式便是主语补足语He was seen going upstairs.6.作状语(1).表时间While( he was) reading the book, he nodded from time to time.Turning around=(when she turned around),she saw a car driving up.(2).表原因Having lived in London for years (=because I have lived…),I almost know every place quite well.(3).表结果The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.(=and left nothing valuable). (4).表条件Being more careful (=if you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.(5)表让步Knowing all this (=although they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage.(6).表行为方式,伴随情况或补充说明He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.(7).修饰形容词It was freezing cold that day.(8).动词-ing形式作插入语,在句中作独立成分Properly speaking, a whale is not a fish.Generally speaking, Chinese prefer tea to coffee.三．常见结构1.do doing：表示进行某一活动I have done writing.Does she do any cooking at home?2.go doing:表示去从事某项活动Why don’t you go shopping tomorrow?They went hunting yesterday.3.there is no doing=it is impossible to do”不可能“There is no telling what may happen.4.no doing:常出现在公共场所，提醒人们不要做某事No spitting!No talking during the movie!5.it goes without saying that:”不用说“It goes without saying that diligence is the key to success.6.can’t help doing:”情不自禁，不得不“She couldn’t help bursting into tears.7.on doing:相当于as soon as 引导的状语从句，”一…就“On seeing the police, they ran away.8.be on the point of doing=be about to do,表示很快就要发生的动作I was on the point of leaving home when the phone rang.9.be worth doing=be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done”值得做某事“- -、。
动词ing的被动形式动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。
一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
That building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。
She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。
2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having bee invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。
I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。
二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。
三，动名词的被动形式1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。
Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health.长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。
动词-ing形式的被动式在上个单元我们学习了动词不定式的被动式，今天我们一起来学习动词-ing形式的被动式。
[看一看] 请看下列句子，看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分。
1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn‟t mind being left at home.3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?[讲一讲]动词-ing形式的被动式在句中可以作主语（如句1）、作宾语（如句2）、作定语（如句3）、作状语（如句4和句5）。
此外，动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。
如：You‟ll find the topic being discussed e verywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。
He often watched the boats being unloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。
As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。
此外，在want, need, deserve, require等动词后，尽管表示的是被动含义，我们却用动词-ing形式。
如：My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了。
The point deserves mentioning.这点值得提一下。
This problem requires studying with great care.这问题需要仔细研究。
在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样：Her method is worth trying.她的方法值得试一下。
[练一练] 将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。
2. 这问题远远没有解决。
3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。
4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。
5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。
Key:1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.2. This question is far from being settled.3. He did it without being asked.4. You can‟t eat anything before being operated on.5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.Unit 3 Under the seaThe use of V-ingV-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。
一、V-ing形式的名词特征V-ing形式否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Laying eggs is the ant queen‟s full-time job. 主语Her job is teaching. 表语He is fond of playing football. 宾语developing countries 定语working people 定语二、V-ing形式作主语1．V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是很重要的。
Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。
V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。
It…s no good waiting here. Let‟s go home. 在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。
It is no use you r complaining; the company won‟t do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。
②V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容词+ doing”结构中作主语。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
③V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。
There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。
⒉V-ing作宾语①有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语。
常这样用的动词有：admit 承认；excuse 原谅；postpone 拖延；anticipate 期望；fancy 想象practice 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；propose 建议；consider 考虑；forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁；imagine 想象；resent 厌恶；deny 否认；resist 抵制；keep 保留；risk 冒险；dislike 讨厌；mind 在意；miss 错过；suggest 建议；enjoy 喜欢；pardon 原谅；escape 逃避He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他设法避免患那种疾病。
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family. 当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。
The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。
②有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。
常这样用的动词短语有：can‟t stand 忍不住；can‟t help 忍不住；feel like 想欲；give up 放弃；put off 推迟After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。
Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？③V-ing形式常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。
常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着您下一次的到来。
Thank you for offering me so much help.感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。
He is fond of watching sports-games.他喜欢观看体育竞赛。
④在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式；be busy (in) + V-ing形式；waste time (in) + V-ing形式；lost time (in) + V-ing形式；There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等结构中，V-ing形式做介词宾语，in常要省去。
The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。
二、动名词可具有时态意义动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。
动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。
一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。
(动名词的完成时态)I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.我们不知道他们干过这种事情。
