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Revision
-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
2) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾 语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语 补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.
entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生
人站在大门口。
We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。
We saw a light burning in the
window.
I felt somebody patting me on the
shoulder.
Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didn’t notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语， 相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时， 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐
a surprising result
= a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修 饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于 一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.
I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again. 你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中 轻轻摇曳。
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放 在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主 动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状 态。如：
When we returned to the school, we
found a stranger standing at the
3. Walking is my sole exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。
4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语 的用法 一、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被 修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动 词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常 见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。 如：
者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰
者的动作或状态。如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
