英语语法:动词-ing形式作主语
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高考英语语法:动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语A:作主语的-ing形式-ing形式作主语时,其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。
Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
(Reading aloud 的逻辑主语是泛指任何人,因而无需表达出来)提示:如果作主语的-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时,一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加’s)。
His father’s falling ill worri ed him greatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。
(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语)Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us.你来和我们一道工作,对我们是很大的鼓舞。
(you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语)B:作表语的-ing形式-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is Julia’s staying too late every night.我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia)The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。
(not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you)C:作定语的-ing形式-ing形式作定语时,其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。
an interesting book一本有意思的书= a book that interests its readersa running stream一条奔流的小溪= a stream that is running如果-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,就要用-ing形式的被动式。
2022高中英语语法精炼-第六章动词的-ing形式二、动词的-ing形式的用法A.动词的-ing形式作主语1.动词的-ing形式可直截了当置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮专门有味。
Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2.为了保持句子平稳,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.制定打算专门容易,实行它却专门难。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争辩这事是白费时刻。
必背:动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。
It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.给他打没用。
他不情愿来。
It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法确信这场雨什么时候会停。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
B.动词的-ing形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义:1.表示主语的内容是什么。
初中英语动词ing放在句首的用法一、动词ing在句中的位置与作用1. 动词ing作主语:通常表示一个行为或动作。
如:Reading books,students entered the classroom.(学生们带着书走进教室。
)2. 动词ing作宾语:常表示动作、行为,可以用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中。
如:They like playing football very much.(他们非常喜欢踢足球。
)3. 动词ing作表语:用来描述主语的特征或状态,可以用于各种时态中。
如:The interesting book is keeping me from sleeping.(这本有趣的书让我无法入睡。
)4. 动词ing作定语:修饰名词,说明名词的具体内容。
如:The man standing by the window is my English teacher.(站在窗户旁的那个人是我的英语老师。
)二、动词ing在句中的特殊用法1. 动词ing作状语:表示时间、条件、原因等。
如:Being a doctor,she knows how to save lives.(作为一名医生,她知道如何挽救生命。
)2. 动词ing和句子连用表示结果或程度。
如:Listening to music,she fell asleep early in the evening.(在晚上很早的时候,听着音乐,她睡着了。
)3. 在某些固定结构中,动词ing可表示正在进行的动作或正在转变的状态。
如:Nowadays,shopping online is more convenientthan going to the market.(如今,网上购物比去市场购物更方便。
)三、练习与运用1. 找出以下句子中的动词ing形式,并分析其在句子中的作用。
a. They enjoy listening to pop music.b. I am learning to play the piano.c. When she got home,the soup was ready.d. After finishing his work,he went for a walk.答案:a. listening to pop music是enjoy的宾语动名词;b. playing the piano是learning的宾语动名词;c. getting home是现在分词短语作时间状语;d. finishing his work是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
英语语法:动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式,其可以在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的多种成分。
1.动词-ing形式的用法1)作主语。
比如:Beinga middle school teacher is fun.当一名中学老师是一大乐趣。
Doing is not so easy as saying.做不像说那么容易。
Flying in the sky is great fun.在空中飞行很好玩。
Sing is better than saying.唱比说好听。
Walking in the water is great interesting.在水中走很有趣。
说明:动词-ing形式作主语时(特别是较长时),经常可以换用形式主语的句式:It is no use shouting hysterically.歇斯底里叫没有用。
It is no good crying over spilt milk.牛奶泼掉了哭也没用。
It was good meeting you here.在这碰到你真好。
英语作业一、选择填空。
1. When you are being interviewed, youmust have good manners. You know just how important it is ___ a good impression.A. givingB. togiveC. giveD.if give2. I spent my last week in Rome ___the teachers of the Art College and ___ pictures with them.A. visited, tookB. to visit, takeC. visiting, to takeD. visiting,taking参考答案:1-2: BD二、分析句子的语法结构,并译成中文。
Having watered the vegetables (=After they had watered the vegetables),they went back home for breakfast.(他们浇过菜之后,就回家吃早饭了。
)B.动词-ing形式作状语表示原因Being so poor in those days (=As we were so poor in those days),we couldn’t afford to send the boy to the hospital.(由于那时太穷了,我们没有能力送孩子上医院。
)Having already seen the film twice (=As we had already seen the film twice),we didn’t go to the cinema.(因为这部电影我们已经看过两次了,所以我们没有去电影院。
)C.动词-ing形式作状语表示条件Standing on the top of the tower (=If we stand on the top of the tower),we can see as far as the Yangtze River.(如果我们站在塔顶上就能看到长江。
)D.动词-ing形式作状语表示自然而然的结果Her husband died in 1942,leaving five children with her (=and left five children with her).(1942年她丈夫死了,给她丢下5个孩子。
)E.动词-ing形式作状语表示伴随或补充说明Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV (=and watched TV). (他们每天晚上坐在沙发上看电视。
)。
动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式的特点
(1)既有动词的特征,也有名词的特征;
(2)动词-ing形式由“动词原形+ing”构成,其否定形式为“not+
动词-ing形式”;
(3)动词-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,但不能作谓
语。
(4)动名词的时态语态
2.动词-ing形式作主语
(1)动词-ing形式作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作;
(2)动词-ing形式作主语时常常被看作不可数名词, 谓语用第三人
称单数形式;
(3)动词-ing形式有时用it作形式主语,而把动词-ing形式后置。
Learning English all by yourself is very difficult.
It’s a waste of time playing video games every day.
It is no use crying.
(4)动名词的复合结构作主语。
动名词的复合结构在句中作主语, 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时, 常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格或形容词性物主代词, 构成动名词的复合结构。
例如:
His getting up early is a good habit.
3.不定式作主语与动词-ing形式作主语的区别
一般而言,不定式作主语与动词-ing形式作主语是可以互换的,但是不定式作主语经常被用来表示具体的某一次的行为或将来的动作,强调动作本身;动词-ing形式作主语用来表示习惯性的、经常的动作,表示的时间概念不强,强调事情本身。
英语语法解析动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式都属于非谓语动词,在语法功能上非常相似,但意义相差较大。
-ing形式一般表示主动含义,表示正在进行的或一般性的动作;而-ed形式一般表示被动含义,表示已经完成或被动的动作。
1.动词-ing形式具有名词的性质,所以它在句中可以作主语和宾语,而动词-ed形式不具有名词的性质,所以在句中不能作主语和宾语。
Taking exercise is beneficial to our health. 锻炼对我们的健康有益。
(主语)She suggested going shopping this Sunday. 她建议这个星期天去购物。
(宾语)2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语的区别动词-ing形式作定语一般表示主动含义,而动词-ed形式作定语一般表示被动含义(不及物动词的过去分词一般表完成,不表被动);动词-ing 形式作定语一般表示动作正在进行,而动词-ed形式作定语一般表示动作已经完成。
I’m glad to hear the exciting news. 我很高兴听到这个令人兴奋的消息。
(表主动)The cat drawn by the boy was very lovely. 男孩画的猫非常可爱。
(表被动)The ground was covered fallen leaves. 地上覆盖着落叶。
(不及物动词表完成)The rising sun is a symbol of hope. 冉冉升起的太阳象征着希望。
(表动作正在进行)They looked up at the risen sun. 他们仰望着已升起的太阳。
(表动作完成)3.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语的区别动词-ing形式作表语一般表示主语的性质和特征,含义为“令人……”;动词-ed形式作表语一般表示人的感受,含义为“(某人)感觉……”。
动词--ing形式作主语和宾语概念引入动词-ing形式,即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式,是非谓动词的一种。
在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分:用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”,用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。
在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。
1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语,句2中growing是动词try的宾语。
这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。
句3中disturbing修饰problem,是定语,句4中using及其宾语一起作状语,说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。
这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。
注意:句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时,是谓语形式,不属于本单元语法范畴。
用法讲解动名词的结构概述动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。
动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
1. 动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。
如:Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
动词ing 形式作主语和宾语一、动词ing 形式作主语1.动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数。
Eg: Swimming is my favourate sport.2.在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。
It is no use waiting for him any longer.It is a waste of time arguing about it.3.当句型“There is no…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名词作主语。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no point (in)doing sth 干…….没意义。
There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干…没道理/意义【注意】当动名词做主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。
My sister’s being ill made us worried.二、动词-ing形式作宾语1.作动词的宾语。
可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口语记住:避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习(advice, finish, practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)承认否认与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。
常见的跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth, be busy等。
你知道ing的用法吗?快来一起学习吧,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
动词-ing动名词用法非谓语动词ing用法一、结构:动词+ing构成。
二、动词-ing包括现在分词和动名词1. 现在分词通常用作V. 或adj.She is watching TV. 她正在看电视。
(用作V.)He was playing basketball. 他正在打篮球。
(用作V.)The news is very exciting. 这消息很振奋人心。
(用作adj.)The story is interesting. 这故事有趣。
(用作adj)2.动名词常作n.Fishing is a sport. 钓鱼是一种运动。
Her hobby is playing chess. 她的爱好是玩象棋。
She enjoys swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
现在重点讲动名词用法动名词句法功能若不清楚什么是主语宾语谓语表语等,请查看本公众号下方菜单“语法视频”中有详细解析。
1.作主语表示一件事,谓语动词用单数。
Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟有害健康。
Listening to music is one way to relax. 听音乐是放松的一种方式。
Cooking is one of my hobbies. 烹饪是我的爱好之一。
常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语动名词放在后面。
It was a waste of time reading that book.看那本书就是浪费时间。
2.做宾语1)动词+v-ing:She doesn’t like singing. 她不喜欢唱歌。
I suggest going for a walk. 我建议去走走。
She loved playing guitar. 她喜欢弹吉他。
.常接动名词作宾语的动词有:advise, avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, inagine, keep, mind, practice, sugger等。
英语语法:动词-ing形式作主语
动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式,其可以在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的多种成分。
1.动词-ing形式的用法
1)作主语。
比如:
Beinga middle school teacher is fun.
当一名中学老师是一大乐趣。
Doing is not so easy as saying.
做不像说那么容易。
Flying in the sky is great fun.
在空中飞行很好玩。
Sing is better than saying.
唱比说好听。
Walking in the water is great interesting.
在水中走很有趣。
说明:
动词-ing形式作主语时(特别是较长时),经常可以换用形式主语的句式:
It is no use shouting hysterically.
歇斯底里叫没有用。
It is no good crying over spilt milk.
牛奶泼掉了哭也没用。
It was good meeting you here.
在这碰到你真好。
英语作业
一、选择填空。
1. When you are being interviewed, youmust have good manners. You know just how important it is ___ a good impression.
A. giving
B. togive
C. give
D.if give
2. I spent my last week in Rome ___the teachers of the Art College and ___ pictures with them.
A. visited, took
B. to visit, take
C. visiting, to take
D. visiting,taking
参考答案:
1-2: BD
二、分析句子的语法结构,并译成中文。
The US secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, has arrived in Saudi Arabia for crisis talks with King Salman, as reports emerged that the kingdom was poised to acknowledge that the missing Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi died inside a diplomatic building in Istanbul.【The Guardian】。