甲泼尼龙与地塞米松治疗过敏性休克患者的临床疗效
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甲泼尼龙与地塞米松治疗过敏性休克患者的临床疗效作者:祁永梅来源:《中国现代医生》2019年第14期[摘要] 目的探讨甲泼尼龙与地塞米松治疗过敏性休克患者的临床疗效。
方法本文选择我院2013年9月~2018年9月收治的48例患者随机分为观察组(n=24)和对照组(n=24)。
两组均进行常规对症处理,对照组采用地塞米松治疗,观察组采用甲泼尼龙治疗。
比较两组临床效果、临床症状缓解恢复时间、5 h内尿量及不良反应发生情况。
结果观察组显效15例(62.50%)、有效8例(33.33%)、无效1例(4.17%),明显优于对照组的9例(37.50%)、12例(50.00%)、3例(12.50%)(Z=-2.039,P=0.041);两组临床总有效率比较无统计学差异(P=0.609)。
观察组血压恢复时间为(18.21±2.03) min、心率恢复时间为(16.02±1.97) min、呼吸恢复时间为(15.84±2.07) min、神志恢复时间为(20.13±2.44)min、皮疹消退时间为(31.17±4.18) min,均明显短于对照组恢复时间(t=-20.468,P=0.000;t=-21.175,P=0.000;t=-19.941,P=0.000;t=-21.479,P=0.000;t=-24.279,P=0.000);2 h 尿量(79.64±6.77)mL/h、3 h尿量(103.29±9.45)mL/h、4 h尿量(139.64±11.28)mL/h、5 h 尿量(194.61±15.34) mL/h,均明显多于对照组尿量(t=29.969,P=0.000;t=24.715,P=0.000;t=15.456,P=0.000;t=10.367,P=0.000)。
觀察组恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生率为8.33%,明显低于对照组的33.33%(χ2=4.547,P=0.033)。
结论甲泼尼龙治疗过敏性休克临床疗效显著,可有效缩短临床症状恢复时间,增加5 h尿量,提高患者生活质量,安全性高,值得推广应用。
[关键词] 甲泼尼龙;地塞米松;过敏性休克;5 h尿量;免疫抑制[中图分类号] R593.1 ; ; ; ; ;[文献标识码] B ; ; ; ; ;[文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)14-0092-04[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in the treatment of patients with anaphylactic shock. Methods 48 patients who were admitted to our hospital from September 2013 to September 2018 were randomly divided into the observation group(n=24) and the control group(n=24). Both groups were treated with conventional symptomatic treatment. The control group was treated with dexamethasone, and the observation group was treated with methylprednisolone. The clinical effects, the recovery time of clinical symptoms, the 5h urine volume and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The observation group was significantly effective in 15 cases(62.50%),effective in 8 cases(33.33%), and ineffective in 1 case(4.17%), which were significantly better than 9 cases(37.50%), 12 cases(50.00%), and 3 cases(12.50%) in the control group(Z=-2.039, P=0.041); there was no significantly statistical difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups(P=0.609). In the observation group, the blood pressure recovery time was(18.21±2.03) min, the heart rate recovery time was(16.02±1.97) min, the respiratory recovery time was(15.84±2.07) min, the recovery time of consciousness was(20.13±2.44)min, and the rash regression time was(31.17±4.18) min, all of which were significantly shorter than those in the control group(t=-20.468, P=0.000; t=-21.175, P=0.000; t=-19.941, P=0.000; t=-21.479, P=0.000; t=-24.279, P=0.000); 2 h urine volume(79.64±6.77) mL/h, 3 h urine volume (103.29±9.45) mL/h, 4 h urine volume(139.64±11.28)mL/h, and 5 h urine volume (194.61±15.34)mL/h in the observation group were all significantly more than those in the control group(t=29.969, P=0.000; t=24.715, P=0.000; t=15.456, P=0.000; t=10.367, P=0.000). The incidence rate of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting in the observation group was8.33%, which was significantly lower than that of 33.33% in the control group(χ2=4.547,P=0.033). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone in the treatment of anaphylactic shock is significant, which can effectively shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms,increase the 5h urine volume, improve the quality of life of patients, and has a high safety. It is worthy of promotion and application.[Key words] Methylprednisolone; Dexamethasone; Anaphylactic shock; 5 h urine volume; Immunosuppression过敏性休克是一种严重的过敏反应,指外界的某些抗原性物质进入致敏机体后,免疫机制发生作用,并在短时间内触发严重的全身多系统速发变态反应综合征[1]。
过敏性休克的发生机制主要为Ⅰ型变态反应[2]。
患者临床中以皮肤潮红、瘙痒、喉头水肿、出汗、面色苍白、四肢湿冷、哮喘窒息、心律失常等为主要表现,严重威胁患者生命健康安全;具有起病急、病情重、进展快等特点[3,4]。
临床中,过敏性休克应及时有效救治,改善患者预后,减少死亡事件的发生。
其治疗以糖皮质激素为主,代表性药物有甲泼尼龙、地塞米松等,可有效发挥抗炎、抗过敏及免疫抑制作用[5]。
地塞米松是临床常规治疗药物,但药物发挥作用需通过肝脏代谢,药物起效较慢,临床效果受到一定影响[6]。
近年来,甲泼尼龙治疗过敏性休克被广泛研究应用,该药物不需要肝脏转化代谢,临床见效快[7]。
我院于2013年9月~2018年9月共收治过敏性休克患者48例,分别采用甲泼尼龙与地塞米松进行治疗,旨在为此类患者的临床干预治疗提供科学理论依据,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料选取2013年9月~2018年9月于我院就诊的48例过敏性休克患者,所有患者采用随机数字法按1:1比例随机分为观察组(n=24)与对照组(n=24)。
观察组,男15例,女9例;年龄19~75岁,平均(45.18±4.25)岁;致敏途径:青霉素静脉滴注13例,TAT脱敏液注射7例,安定口服4例;发病时间:<1 h 15例,≥1 h 9例;原发疾病:支气管炎8例,尿路感染6例,呼吸道感染、不明原因发热各4例,扁桃体炎2例。
对照组,男13例,女11例;年龄21~72岁,平均(44.76±3.97)岁;致敏途径:青霉素静脉滴注11例,TAT脱敏液注射8例,安定口服5例;发病时间:<1 h 17例,≥1 h 7例;原发疾病:支气管炎8例,尿路感染7例,呼吸道感染5例,不明原因发热3例,扁桃体炎1例。
两组患者性别、年龄、致敏途径、发病时间和原发疾病因素均无统计学差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 纳入与排除标准纳入标准:①符合过敏性休克的诊断标准[8];②均为药物过敏,接触过敏原后即刻出现胸闷心悸、四肢末梢发凉等症状;③临床以血压下降(<90/60 mmHg)、心率加快(>100次/min)、脉搏细速及意识障碍等为主要表现;④所有患者家属均知情同意。