第3章_翻译标准
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第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。
(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。
科技英语翻译1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
The power unit for driving the machines is a50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices,called transistors,are replacing tubes in many applications.半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts:blade and petiole.双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成:叶片和叶柄。
1.2对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
(直译)All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals,silicates,and water.这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
Little Prince[ Chapter 3 ]- the narrator learns more about from where the little prince cameIt took me a long time to learn where he came from. The little prince, who asked me so many questions, never seemed to hear the ones I asked him. It was from words dropped by chance that, little by little, everything was revealed to me.The first time he saw my airplane, for instance (I shall not draw my airplane;that would be much too complicated for me), he asked me: "What is that object?""That is not an object. It flies. It is an airplane. It is my airplane." And I wasproud to have him learn that I could fly.He cried out, then: "What! You dropped down from the sky?""Yes," I answered, modestly."Oh! That is funny!"And the little prince broke into a lovely peal of laughter, which irritated mevery much. I like my misfortunes to be taken seriously.Then he added: "So you, too, come from the sky! Which is your planet?"At that moment I caught a gleam of light in the impenetrable mystery of his presence; and I demanded, abruptly: "Do you come from another planet?"But he did not reply. He tossed his head gently, without taking his eyes frommy plane: "It is true that on that y ou can‘t have come from very far away..."小王子【第三章】-叙述者知道了更多关于小王子是从哪里来的的事搞清楚他从哪里来用了我很长时间。
论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章《八佾》篇包括26章。
本篇主要内容涉及“礼”的问题,主张维护礼在制度上、礼节上的种种规定;孔子提出“绘事后素”的命题,表达了他的伦理思想以及“君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠”的政治道德主张。
以下是小编整理的论语第三章原文及翻译,欢迎阅读。
1、孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?”翻译:孔子谈到季氏时说:“用天子的礼乐(八佾舞)在他家的庭院中祭祀祖先(越礼),对于季氏这样的事情都可以容忍,还哪些事情不可以容忍呢?”2、三家者以雍彻。
子曰:“‘相维辟公,天子穆穆’,奚取于三家之堂?”翻译:孟孙、叔孙、季孙三家卿大夫,祭祀祖先时,按照天子的礼制唱着《雍》来撤除祭品。
孔子说:“《诗经》上说,‘天子祭祀宗庙,天下各路诸侯都来助祭,天子庄重肃穆地主祭。
’这两句话用在三家祭祀的庙堂之上,天下哪一个诸侯会来陪祭呢?”3、子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”翻译:孔子说:“一个人没有真诚的心意,能用礼做什么呢?一个人没有真诚的心意,能用乐做什么呢?”4、林放问礼之本。
子曰:“大哉问!礼,与其奢也,宁俭;丧,与其易也,宁戚。
”翻译:林放向孔子请教礼的根本道理。
孔子说:“你提的真是大问题啊!一般的礼与其辅张奢侈,宁可简约朴素;至于丧礼,与其仪式周全,不如心中哀戚。
”5、子曰:“夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也。
”翻译:孔子说:“夷狄(中原之外的少数民族)都有自己的君主,不像诸夏(中原各国)这些国家没有君主(因为时代很乱,弑父弑君的事情时常发生)。
”不如:不像。
6、季氏旅于泰山。
子谓冉有曰:“女弗能救与?”对曰:“不能。
”子曰:“呜呼!曾谓泰山不如林放乎?”翻译:季氏要去祭祀泰山(违背了礼)。
孔子对冉有说:“你不能劝阻他吗?”冉有说:“不能(当时冉有为季氏家臣)。
”孔子说:“唉!难道说泰山之神还不如林放懂礼吗?(或:难道说泰山之神能够接受季氏这种不合礼的祭祀吗?)”7、子曰:“君子无所争。
美国人的分歧在于政府如何才能强大。
一些人认为政府的权力应该作为一种好的力量,调解和平衡各群体各地域。
总统克林顿把政府看作是帮助人们实现他们的梦想的工具:“我们政府的主要任务就是给所有美国人一个机会……去创造更好的生活。
”华盛顿减少了政治的权力而把更多的责任赋予个人:“让每个人都能掌握自己的命运,我们会给美国朋友更多的自由远离欲望和恐惧,并且让我们的社会更兴旺、公正平等……最后,自治依靠的是自我的管理。
美国政治的结构是典型的有意分权。
联邦政府交织在三个分枝,包括总统、国会、联邦法院体系,它们在特定区域有自己的责任。
然而,他们并不能完全控制他们自己的领域。
权力的分配因为各部门间的调解和平衡包括相互监督和限制,同时因为允许联邦政府制定、颁布和解释法律而变得复杂。
The Constitution宪法是美国政府的基础法律文件。
联邦政府的权力分配就是取决于宪法和自共和国建立的225年以来所做的一系列实际妥协。
在国家形成时期,分权的想法看似是一个确保有一个亲切、仁慈的政府的最好的方法。
1783年美国独立战争结束,开国者——包括本杰明·富兰克林、约翰·亚当斯、詹姆斯·麦迪逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿,需要建立一个体系去管理政府事务。
这意味着要建立一个体系去管理如此广袤的疆土,从马萨诸塞州到乔治亚州的东海岸和密西西比河的另一边。
维护秩序和保护国家不受外部威胁被摆到了首要地位。
同时,在殖民时期,每个州相信它们自己要建立自己的身份,也需要有一个制度既能保护它的主权又受国家权力的限制。
开国者用了一个两全的计划,用宪法和人权法案使其具体化。
宪法陈述了联邦政府的结构,解释了它是如何贯彻它的职能。
人权法案,附加在批准过程中,承诺国家和个人的权利受法律保护。
从本质上,这三组主权已经是肯定的了:联邦主权、州主权、大众主权。
对政府权力的争论反映出各州不同的关注点。
大一点的州,如弗吉尼亚州,仅仅因为他们的人口大小就获得了较大的影响力。
第三章英译汉常用方法和技巧(教学安排:6课时)无论翻译的标准如何,翻译的目的都是要求译者最大程度地传递原文信息/再现原文风格,以求最大程度地“忠实”于原文。
翻译标准只是给译者提供了翻译的大方向,在具体的翻译运作过程中,还会遇到种种问题,所以在翻译实践中,还要灵活运用相应的翻译方法和技巧,从原文和译文的整体出发,全面分析,透过现象,抓住本质。
经过不断的翻译实践,翻译技巧一定会运用得越来越娴熟,翻译水平也会越来越高。
合理有效地运用翻译技巧可以使译文生辉,有效地提高翻译质量。
常用的翻译方法和技巧:直译和意译词义的选择省略法和增补法词类转译法重复法正反、反正表达法分译法和合译法直译和意译英汉两种语言的结构有相同的一面,也有不同的一面,因此翻译时有时使用直译,有时用意译,有时直译并举。
无论使用哪种方法,其原则是在忠实原文内容和风格的前提下,摆脱原文结构的束缚,使译文符合汉语的规范直译(metaphrase/literal translation)在不影响译入语的自然流畅并保持原文信息的前提下,在译文中既保持原文的内容信息,又保持原文的形式结构,尤其要保持原文的修辞、文体和文化特质。
to kill two birds with one stoneto shed crocodile tears如果不破坏原文结构,译文也能通顺自然且忠实原意,这是最理想的直译,但逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义的情况微乎其微。
直译法的使用不仅极大丰富了汉语的词汇,而且及大地拓展了汉语的表达方式和表达范围。
汉语中的外来语大都采用直译法或音译法。
例如:lady-killer talk show mad cow diseasebird flu chain reaction cat walkhumor second-hand car tittuphippy yuppie shock例1原文:There are two types of electric current: alternating current in which the current flows first one way then the other in a forward and backward motion, and direct current which flows the same way all the time.译文:例2原文:Losing one’s independence for Americans is a shameful thing.例3原文:Italian gourmets are protesting against the invasion of foreign foods on the dinner table.译文:例4原文:In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.译文:例5原文:But when I look at the Third World and think “What can I do to solve this?”, my reaction isn’t to say “Let’s bring population down immediately”.译文:例6原句:Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.译文:例7原文:People are always talking about “the problem of yo uth.” I f there is one, then it is older people who create it, not the young people themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.译文:直译不等于死译、硬译,直译也需要灵活变通,不能只求形式对等而破坏原文内容。