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u64 Camera by 8 monitor switchingu8 Independent keyboardsu Modular constructionu Powerful alarm handling capabilitiesu SalvoSwitching and SatelliteSwitch capabilityThe LTC 8500 Series Allegiant Video Switcher/Control Systems combine both switching and computer technology to provide powerful performance and unique system features for the security user. Offering full matrix switching capability, these systems can be programmed to display the video from any camera on any monitor, either manually or via independent automatic switching sequences.The LTC 8500 Series provide versatile modular construction accommodating up to 64 camera inputs, 8 monitor outputs, 8 keyboards, 128 alarm points, a computer interface port, and a logging printer port. FunctionsSequencing CapabilitiesThese systems can be programmed with up to 60 sequences which can be run independently of each other in either a forward or reverse direction. Any of the sequences can utilize the Salvo Switching capability where any number of system monitors may be selected to switch as a group. Using the optional LTC 8559/00 Master Control Software package or LTC 8850/00 GUI Allegiant Server, sequences can be made to activate and deactivate automatically based upon the time of day and the day of week.Camera ControlOn-site receiver/drivers permit operator control of pan, tilt, zoom, multiple pre-positions, four auxiliaries, auto-pan, and random scan. An integral local test function is also a standard feature. The LTC 8500 Series also supports variable speed operation and full programming functions of AutoDome series dome cameras.Bilinx® CapabilityWhen combined with an LTC 8016 Allegiant Bilinx Data Interface unit, these switchers/controllers support operations using Bilinx communication. With Bilinx, PTZ control is accomplished using a bi-directional communication protocol embedded in the video signal of Bosch Dinion and AutoDome® CCTV cameras. In addition, Bilinx uses the standard video cable to transmit alarm and status messages from the cameras, providing superior performance without the need for separate data transmission cables.Macro CapabilitiesThe LTC 8500 system provides powerful macro capabilities. The macros can be activated using Allegiant system keyboards, system time event functions, alarm activations, and via special function icons in the LTC 8850/00 GUI software.Alarm CapabilitiesWith the addition of the LTC 8540/00 Series alarm interface accessory unit, an external contact closure or logic level can be used to automatically activate any camera to be displayed. Any monitor or group of monitors can be set to display cameras under alarm conditions. The base system contains three built-in alarm response modes: basic, auto-build, and sequence and display. In addition to these three modes, the PC based software packages now includes the ability to combine any or all three standard modes within the same system. Alarm video may be selected to reset either manually or automatically. In addition, a 16-character alarm title can be selected to appear instead of the camera title during alarm conditions. System OperationSystem operation and programming is accomplished using a full-function, ergonomically designed keyboard. Up to 8 keyboards may be used in the system. Built-in operator priority levels and the ability to restrict certain operators from controlling designated functions provide maximum flexibility. Programming/Software CapabilitiesThe LTC 8500 Series includes a 48-character on-screen display for time-date, camera number, camera ID (16 characters), an icon to identify controllable cameras, and monitor (12 characters) or status information. Over 250 characters are available when programming camera ID and monitor titles.Utilizing a Windows-based PC and the LTC 8059/00 Master Control Software package or LTC 8850/00 Graphical User Interface (GUI) software, enhanced programming and switching features can be obtained.A user-friendly spreadsheet format provides the ability to enter camera titles, operator names, 64 timed events, change system parameters, program camera sequences, install lockouts, and access the advanced alarm handling screens with speed and efficiency. The program information may then be transferred into the Allegiant system, stored on disk, or printed out directly from a printer connected to the PC.The LTC 8850/00 Bosch GUI software is designed around an intuitive graphic-based interface; the GUI provides high performance programming, control and monitoring of all system functions by using on-screen icons to reflect real time status of the devices controlled by the system.The LTC 8850/00 GUI software also provides the ability to monitor system status events. System alarms, switching functions, sequence events,keyboard actions, and video loss information can be viewed in real time on the PC screen and, if desired, logged to the PC hard drive.The LTC 8500 Series contains a logging printer output port which accepts a standard RS-232 serial printer. This provides a permanent record of system status showing time and date of changes, such as: incoming alarms, acknowledgment of alarms, loading of sequences, user log-on to keyboard, transfer of system tables and sequences, and a power up reset message. In addition, the printer can be used to obtain a hard copy of the system's configuration tables and sequences.Expansion CapabilitiesThe LTC 8500 Series can serve as the Master switcher in a SatelliteSwitch configuration. This innovative SatelliteSwitch feature enables a single LTC 8500 Series system to communicate with up to 64 remotely located "Satellite" systems. Any Allegiant system model can serve as a remote Satellite switcher. This powerful feature permits the design of a distributed type system. The main control site can view/control local cameras plus cameras located at any of the remotely distributed Satellite sites. The Satellite sites can view/control only cameras associated with their own site. When used in this type of configuration, the main LTC 8500 Series system can access up to 256 cameras located anywhere in the system.Installation/configuration notesLTC 8500 Series Configuration Diagram(64 Cameras by 8 Monitors)1Video Coax2Up to 64 Maximum Video Inputs3Additional System Cameras48 x 8 Channel Input Cards5 4 x 2 Channel Output Cards6CPU Module7Power Supply Module8Main CPU Bay9 3 m (10 ft) Interconnect Cable Supplied with Keyboard1 0Maximum of 8 Full Function Keyboards up to 1.5 km (5000 ft) away using Optional Remote Hook-up KitLTC 8500 Series Full Capacity Configuration Diagram 164 Separate Alarm Inputs2Video Coax3Up to 64 On-Site LTC 8561 Receiver/Driver Units4Up to 1.5 km (5000 ft) using 18 AWG shielded twisted pair cable (Belden 8760 or equiv.)5Twisted Pair, Typical6Contact closure or active low logic level7Alarm Interface Unit8Additional System Cameras932 Separate Outputs10 2 m (6 ft) Interconnect Cable Supplied with LTC 8540/00Series, providing Data and Power Connections11Optional LTC 8059/00 Software Package can be run on a Windows based PC12Signal Distribution Unit13Up to 64 Video Inputs Maximum14 2 m (6 ft) Interconnect Cable Supplied withLTC 8568/00 Series, providing Data and Power Connections 158 x 8 Channel Input Cards 16 4 x 2 Channel Output Cards17CPU Module18Power Supply Module19 3 m (10 ft) Interface Cable Provided with Optional LTC 8059/00Software Package20Serial Logging Printer Capability218 Monitor Output Capability22 3 m (10 ft) Interconnect Cable Supplied with Keyboard23Maximum of 8 Full Function Keyboards Up to 1.5 km (5000 ft) away using Optional Remote Hook-up Kit24RS-232 Data25Main CPU BaySatellite System Using LTC 5112- or LTC 5124-Series Switchers1Monitor Outputs2Alarm Interface Unit3Pan/Tilt/Zoom and Satellite Control Data4Allegiant Main CPU Bay5Inputs Used for Both Local and Trunk Lines6Local Camera Video Inputs7Alarm Inputs May Activate Either Local or Satellite Video on Main Control Center's Monitor8Signal Distribution Unit9To Any Local PTZ Camera Sites1Multiple Video Coax11Up to 1.5 km (5000 ft) Using 1 sq mm (18 AWG) ShieldedTwisted Pair (Belden 8760 or Equivalent)1 2Allegiant Keyboard controls any local or remote camera on any local monitor (Video and PTZ)13Multiple Video Trunk Lines From Each Remote Satellite Location14One Line to Each Remote Satellite System Location15Pan/Tilt/Zoom and Satellite Control Data16Monitor Outputs Used As Video Trunk Lines to Main Control Site17Video Trunk Lines From Other Satellite Locations18Any Model Allegiant Main Bay19Local Monitors2Satellite Data Line21Console Port Input22Data Converter Units23To Any Local PTZ Camera Sites24Code Merger Unit25Alarm Interface Unit26Local PTZ Control Data Line2 7Allegiant Keyboard controls any local or remote camera on any local monitor (Video and PTZ)28Alarm Inputs Activate Only Local Video on Local Monitors CapacitiesElectricalEnvironmentalLTC 8501 Series Equipment BayIncludes LTC 8501/00 equipment rack, LTC 8511/00 microprocessormodule, and LTC 8505 Series power supply.1. Power at rated voltage fully loaded.ConnectorsExternal Accessory InterfacesEquipment RackMicroprocessor Module (LTC 8511/00)Power Supply(LTC 8505/60–120 VAC, LTC 8505/50–220-240 VAC)LTC 8521/00 Camera Input ModuleUse up to eight (8) per equipment bay.LTC 8532/00 Monitor Output ModuleUse up to four (4) per equipment bay.Allegiant AccessoriesThe LTC 8500 Series accessory products provide many optional features to the base Allegiant switching systems. Accessory products include keyboards, keyboard extension kits, receiver/driver units,switcher/followers, and code merger units. All accessory products are designed to be installer-friendly and compatible throughout the Allegiant series systems. Refer to the Allegiant Accessories datasheet for complete details.Ordering informationLTC 8501/50 Allegiant Matrix Switcherup to 64 camera inputs, 8 monitor outputs, incl. single bay, CPU and power supply, 230 VAC, 50 HzOrder number LTC 8501/50LTC 8501/60 Allegiant Matrix Switcherup to 64 camera inputs, 8 monitor outputs, incl. single bay, CPU and power supply, 120 VAC, 60 HzOrder number LTC 8501/60LTC 8521/00 Camera Input Modulefor LTC 8500, 8 camera inputs per cardOrder number LTC 8521/00LTC 8532/00 Monitor Output Modulefor LTC 8500, 2 monitor outputs per cardOrder number LTC 8532/00AccessoriesLTC 8511/00 Spare CPU Modulefor LTC 8501 bayOrder number LTC 8511/00LTC 8505/50 Spare Power Supplyfor LTC 8501/50 bay, 230 VAC, 50 HzOrder number LTC 8505/50LTC 8505/60 Spare Power Supplyfor LTC 8501/60 bay, 115 V, 60 HzOrder number LTC 8505/60Software OptionsLTC 8059/00 Allegiant Master Control Software Order number LTC 8059/00SFT-VASA Hybrid IP - Analog/Matrix Video over IP Inte-gration SoftwareOrder number SFT-VASARepresented by:North America:Europe, Middle East, Africa:Asia-Pacific:China:Latin America and Caribbean:Bosch Security Systems, Inc. 130 Perinton Parkway Fairport, New York, 14450, USA Phone: +1 800 289 0096 Fax: +1 585 223 9180***********************.com Bosch Security Systems B.V.P.O. Box 800025617 BA Eindhoven, The NetherlandsPhone: + 31 40 2577 284Fax: +31 40 2577 330******************************Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd, SecuritySystems11 Bishan Street 21Singapore 573943Phone: +65 6571 2808Fax: +65 6571 2699*****************************Bosch (Shanghai) Security Systems Ltd.203 Building, No. 333 Fuquan RoadNorth IBPChangning District, Shanghai200335 ChinaPhone +86 21 22181111Fax: +86 21 22182398Robert Bosch Ltda Security Systems DivisionVia Anhanguera, Km 98CEP 13065-900Campinas, Sao Paulo, BrazilPhone: +55 19 2103 2860Fax: +55 19 2103 2862*****************************© Bosch Security Systems 2016 | Data subject to change without notice 2364004875 | en, V2, 12. Jul 2016。
WM_W800_QFLASH布局说明V1.1北京联盛德微电子有限责任公司(winner micro)地址：北京市海淀区阜成路67号银都大厦18层电话：+86-10-62161900公司网址：文档修改记录版本修订时间修订记录作者审核V0.1 2019/9/25 [C]创建文档CuiycV0.2 2020/7/8 统一字体CuiycV1.0 2020/8/10 升级版本号CuiycV1.1 2021/2/23 更新用户区位置，与SDK保持一致Cuiyc目录文档修改记录 (2)目录 (3)1引言 (5)1.1编写目的 (5)1.2预期读者 (5)1.3术语定义 (5)1.4参考资料 (5)2W800 QFLASH的布局 (6)2.1QFLASH大于2M的布局 (6)2.1.1物理层参数区 (6)2.1.2SECBOOT参数区 (7)2.1.3SECBOOT 存放区 (8)2.1.4升级IMG存放区 (8)2.1.5运行IMG参数区 (9)2.1.6运行IMG存放区 (10)2.1.7用户参数区 (10)2.1.8系统参数区 (10)2.1.9升级IMG参数区 (11)2.2QFLASH小于2M的布局 (11)3FAQ (14)3.1为什么布局划分总是以64KB为倍数划分？ (14)3.2为什么总是留一部分升级区在内部Flash里？ (14)1引言1.1编写目的本文档主要用于阐述W800中的QFLASH布局，使读者了解当前W800的QFLASH的使用情况。
1.2预期读者该文档适用的读者包括研发人员、测试人员、W800的工程使用人员等。
1.3术语定义序号术语/缩略语说明/定义1 QFLASH W800 internel Quad-SPI FLASH2 IMG IMAGE3 RF Radio Frequency4 MAC Media Access Control5 SECBOOT Second Boot6 ROM Read-Only Memory7 UPD Image Upgrade Area8 MB Mega Byte9 KB Kilo Byte1.4参考资料无2 W800 QFLASH 的布局地址空间：0x8000000-0x8XFFFFF ，共(X+1)MB ，X >= 1，针对2M 及以上的QFLASH 。
Rev. 0.1 3/12Copyright © 2012 by Silicon LaboratoriesAN678P ROGRAMMER U SER ’S G UIDE1. IntroductionThe Precision32™ si32FlashUtility Command-Line Programmer is a simple program to enable productionprogramming capability using the Silicon Labs 32-bit USB Debug Adapter. This utility can also program and eraselock bytes.Figure 1 shows an invocation of the command-line utility.Figure 1.Precision32 si32FlashUtility Command-Line Programmer2. Relevant DocumentationPrecision32 Application Notes are listed on the following website: /32bit-appnotes.⏹ AN667: Getting Started with the Silicon Labs Precision32™ IDE⏹AN669: Integrating Silicon Labs SiM3xxxx Devices into the Keil µVision® IDEAN6783. Programming OptionsThe si32FlashUtlility has a command-line form of:si32FlashUtility [-options] [drive:][path]imageThese options consist of the following:⏹ -v: Verify the image after downloading to Flash.⏹ -i: Display additional information during the programming process (i.e., verbose mode).⏹ -e {0,1,2}: Erase Flash with three mode options.⏹ -p {0,1,2}: Debug port selection with three mode options.⏹ -r {0,1,2}: Reset during programming with three mode options.⏹ -l: List the available USB Debug Adapters (UDAs).⏹ -s SERIAL: Specify the USB Debug Adapter serial string.This section discusses each of these programming options in more detail.3.1. Download VerificationUsing the -v option flag causes the si32FlashUtility to verify the Flash contents after the download. The command-line utility will output a Download complete and verified message if the Flash contents match the HEX image. 3.2. Verbose FeedbackWith the -i option flag, the si32FlashUtility programmer will report feedback about each step of the programming process, as shown in Figure2.Figure2.Verbose Mode OutputAN6783.3. Flash EraseThe -e option flag has three modes: merge, sector, and full. The default option is sector (-e 1) if no option is specified.The merge option is selected with -e 0 and causes the programmer to read the current contents of the Flash page selected by the HEX file address, copy any contents that are not written in the HEX image, erase the page, and write the merged image back to Flash. This option allows developers to maintain any calibration or code constants in Flash when updating code.When using the -e 1 sector erase option, the programmer will first erase the page selected by the HEX image address before programming the contents of the HEX image.The final option, -e 2, causes the programmer to erase the entire Flash before programming the HEX image.3.4. Debug PortThis option selects the debug port of the device. The -p 0 selection is for any devices with JTAG debug pins. The -p 1 option is for devices with Serial Wire debug pins only (SW-DP). The -p 2 option uses the Serial Wire protocol and is for devices with both JTAG and Serial Wire debug pins (SWJ-DP), like the SiM3U1xx device family. The default option is -p 2 if no option is specified.The JTAG selection (-p 0) does not have provisions for JTAG chaining.3.5. Reset OptionsThe utility supports three different reset options: none, before, and during. The default option is none (-r 0) if no option is specified.The none option (-r 0) prevents the utility from toggling the reset pin at any point during the programming process. The before option (-r 1) allows the si32FlashUtility to toggle reset immediately before programming. This option is useful for SiM3U1xx or SiM3C1xx devices that may be unresponsive due to switching to a non-existent clock. Using this option along with the recommended reset delay in the startup code ensures the USB Debug Adapter will be able to communicate with the device.For the during option (-r 2), the utility asserts the reset pin while attempting to halt the core. Once the core is halted, the utility deasserts the reset pin and starts programming. This option ensures the Debug Adapter can always communicate with a device without the reset delay in the startup code for devices that support this feature.Note:The -r 2 option is unavailable for SiM3U1xx and SiM3C1xx devices.3.6. USB Debug Adapter OptionsThe -l option flag lists the available USB Debug Adapters connected to the PC or system. The -s SERIAL option flag can then specify the USB Debug Adapter the utility should use for programming.AN6784. Creating HEX Files with the Precision32 IDEThe si32FlashUtility programmer expects HEX files as its input, and the Precision32 IDE includes a utility that can convert the GCC AXF file output to HEX files. This objcopy utility can be found in the ..\Precision32_vx.y\IDE\precision32\Tools\arm-none-eabi\bin path after installing the Precision32 software package from /32bit-software.More information on the usage of this utility can be found on the CodeRed website: /CodeRedWiki/OutputFormats.4.1. Using the Objcopy Utility from the IDETo use the objcopy utility from the IDE:1. Hold the Ctrl button and left-click on the project name in the IDE footer as shown in Figure3. This willopen a command prompt in the project directory with the proper paths to use the utility.Figure3.Opening a Project Command Prompt2. Type cd build_directory, where build_directory is Debug by default.3. Invoke the utility: arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex project_name.axf project_name.hex. In the case ofthis example, which uses the sim3u1xx_Blinky project: arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihexsim3u1xx_Blinky.axf sim3u1xx_Blinky.hex.Rev. 0.1AN678Rev. 0.1Figure 4.Invoking the Objcopy Utility4.2. Setting the IDE Project to Automatically Generate a HEX FileTo configure the Precision32 IDE project to automatically generate a HEX file after a build:1. Right-click on the project_name in the Project Explorer view.2. Select Properties .3. In the C/C++ Build →Settings →Build Steps tab, type the following in the Post-build steps →Commandbox: arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex ${BuildArtifactFileName} ${BuildArtifactFileBaseName}.hexFigure 5.Automatically Generating a HEX File on Project BuildAN6785. Examples To verify the download of the sim3u1xx_Blinky.hex file:si32FlashUtility -v sim3u1xx_Blinky.hex This example is shown in Figure6.Figure 6.Example with Flash VerificationTo verify the download of the sim3u1xx_Blinky.hex file, use verbose mode, erase the device before the download,and reset before:si32FlashUtility -v -i -e 2 -r 1 sim3u1xx_Blinky.hexFigure 7 shows an example of this call to the si32FlashUtility programmer.Figure 7.Example with Flash Verification, Verbose Mode, Full Device Erase, and Reset BeforeOptions Silicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USASimplicity StudioOne-click access to MCU andwireless tools, documentation,software, source code libraries &more. Available for Windows,Mac and Linux!IoT Portfolio /IoT SW/HW /simplicity Quality /quality Support and CommunityDisclaimer Silicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons.Trademark Information Silicon Laboratories Inc.® , Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, Clockbuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, ISOmodem®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress® and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.。
EFR32MG 2.4 GHz 19.5 dBm Radio BoardBRD4151A Reference Manualance, low energy wireless solution integrated into a small formfactor package.By combining a high performance 2.4 GHz RF transceiver with an energy efficient 32-bitMCU, the family provides designers the ultimate in flexibility with a family of pin-compati-ble devices that scale from 128/256 kB of flash and 16/32 kB of RAM. The ultra-lowpower operating modes and fast wake-up times of the Silicon Labs energy friendly 32-bit MCUs, combined with the low transmit and receive power consumption of the 2.4GHz radio, result in a solution optimized for battery powered applications.To develop and/or evaluate the EFR32 Mighty Gecko, the EFR32MG Radio Board canbe connected to the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard to get access to display, buttons andadditional features from Expansion Boards.Introduction 1. IntroductionThe EFR32 Mighty Gecko Radio Boards provide a development platform (together with the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard) for the Silicon Labs EFR32 Mighty Gecko Wireless System on Chips and serve as reference designs for the matching network of the RF inter-face.The BRD4151A Radio Board is designed to operate in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band with the RF matching network optimized to operate with 19.5 dBm output power.To develop and/or evaluate the EFR32 Mighty Gecko, the BRD4151A Radio Board can be connected to the Wireless Starter Kit Main-board to get access to display, buttons and additional features from Expansion Boards and also to evaluate the performance of the RF interface.2. Radio Board Connector2.1 IntroductionThe board-to-board connector scheme allows access to all EFR32MG1 GPIO pins as well as the RESETn signal. For more information on the functions of the available pin functions, see the EFR32MG1 data sheet.2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin AssociationsThe figure below shows the pin mapping on the connector to the radio pins and their function on the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard.GND F9 / PA3 / VCOM.#RTS_#CS 3v3UIF_BUTTON1 / PF7 / P36P200Upper RowNC / P38NC / P40NC / P42NC / P44DEBUG.TMS_SWDIO / PF1 / F0DISP_ENABLE / PD15 / F14UIF_BUTTON0 / PF6 / F12DISP_EXTCOMIN / PD13 / F10VCOM.#CTS_SCLK / PA2 / F8#RESET / F4DEBUG.TDO_SWO / PF2 / F2DISP_SI / PC6 / F16VCOM.TX_MOSI / PA0 / F6PTI.DATA / PB12 / F20DISP_EXTCOMIN / PD13 / F18USB_VBUS5VBoard ID SCLGND Board ID SDAUSB_VREG F7 / PA1 / VCOM.RX_MISO F5 / PA5 / VCOM_ENABLE F3 / PF3 / DEBUG.TDI F1 / PF0 / DEBUG.TCK_SWCLK P45 / NC P43 / NCP41 / NCP39 / NCP37 / High / SENSOR_ENABLEF11 / PF5 / UIF_LED1F13 / PF7 / UIF_BUTTON1F15 / PC8 / DISP_SCLK F17 / PD14 / DISP_SCS F19 / PB13 / PTI.SYNC F21 / PB11 / PTI.CLK GNDVMCU_INVCOM.#CTS_SCLK / PA2 / P0P201Lower RowVCOM.#RTS_#CS / PA3 / P2PD10 / P4PD11 / P6GND VRF_INP35 / PD15 / DISP_ENABLE P7 / PC9P5 / PC8 / DISP_SCLK P3 / PC7P1 / PC6 / DISP_SI P33 / PD14 / DISP_SCSP31 / PD13 / DISP_EXTCOMIN P29 / NCP27 / NC P25 / NC P23 / NC P21 / NC P19 / NC P17 / NC P15 / NC P13 / PC11P11 / PA1 / VCOM.RX_MISO P9 / PA0 / VCOM.TX_MOSI UIF_BUTTON0 / PF6 / P34UIF_LED1 / PF5 / P32UIF_LED0 / PF4 / P30DEBUG.TDO_SWO / PF2 / P28DEBUG.TMS_SWDIO / PF1 / P26DEBUG.TCK_SWCLK / PF0 / P24PTI.SYNC / PB13 / P22PTI.DATA / PB12 / P20PTI.CLK / PB11 / P18VCOM_ENABLE / PA5 / P16PA4 / P14PC10 / P12DEBUG.TDI / PF3 / P10PD12 / P8Figure 2.1. BRD4151A Radio Board Connector Pin MappingRadio Board Connector3. Radio Board Block Summary3.1 IntroductionThis section gives a short introduction to the blocks of the BRD4151A Radio Board.3.2 Radio Board Block DiagramThe block diagram of the EFR32MG Radio Board is shown in the figure below.Figure 3.1. BRD4151A Block Diagram3.3 Radio Board Block Description3.3.1 Wireless MCUThe BRD4151A EFR32 Mighty Gecko Radio Board incorporates an EFR32MG1P232F256GM48 Wireless System on Chip featuring 32-bit Cortex-M4 with FPU core, 256 kB of flash memory and 32 kB of RAM and a 2.4 GHz band transceiver with output power up to 19.5 dBm. For additional information on the EFR32MG1P232F256GM48, refer to the EFR32MG1 Data Sheet.3.3.2 LF Crystal Oscillator (LFXO)The BRD4151A Radio Board has a 32.768 kHz crystal mounted.3.3.3 HF Crystal Oscillator (HFXO)The BRD4151A Radio Board has a 38.4 MHz crystal mounted.3.3.4 Matching Network for 2.4 GHzThe BRD4151A Radio Board incorporates a 2.4 GHz matching network which connects the 2.4 GHz TRX pin of the EFR32MG1 to the one on-board printed Inverted-F antenna. The component values were optimized for the 2.4 GHz band RF performace and current con-sumption with 19.5 dBm output power.For detailed description of the matching network, see Chapter 4.2.1 Description of the 2.4 GHz RF Matching.| Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly.Rev. 1.7 | 33.3.5 Inverted-F AntennaThe BRD4151A Radio Board includes a printed Inverted-F antenna (IFA) tuned to have close to 50 Ohm impedance at the 2.4 GHz band.For detailed description of the antenna see Chapter 4.5 Inverted-F Antenna.3.3.6 UFL ConnectorTo be able to perform conducted measurements, Silicon Labs added an UFL connector to the Radio Board. The connector allows an external 50 Ohm cable or antenna to be connected during design verification or testing.Note: By default the output of the matching network is connected to the printed Inverted-F antenna by a series component. It can be connected to the UFL connector as well through a series 0 Ohm resistor which is not mounted by default. For conducted measurements through the UFL connector the series component to the antenna should be removed and the 0 Ohm resistor should be mounted (see Chapter 4.2 Schematic of the RF Matching Network for further details).3.3.7 Radio Board ConnectorsTwo dual-row, 0.05” pitch polarized connectors make up the EFR32MG Radio Board interface to the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. For more information on the pin mapping between the EFR32MG1P232F256GM48 and the Radio Board Connector, refer to Chapter 2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin Associations.4. RF Section4.1 IntroductionThis section gives a short introduction to the RF section of the BRD4151A.4.2 Schematic of the RF Matching NetworkThe schematic of the RF section of the BRD4151A Radio Board is shown in the following figure.U1BPath Inverted-F Antenna2.4 GHz Matching Figure 4.1. Schematic of the RF Section of the BRD4151A4.2.1 Description of the 2.4 GHz RF MatchingThe 2.4 GHz matching connects the 2G4RF_IOP pin to the on-board printed Inverted-F Antenna. The 2G4RF_ION pin is connected to ground. For higher output powers (13 dBm and above) beside the impedance matching circuitry it is recommended to use additional harmonic filtering as well at the RF output. The targeted output power of the BRD4151A board is 19.5 dBm. As a result, the RF output of the IC is connected to the antenna through a four-element impedance matching and harmonic filter circuitry.For conducted measurements the output of the matching network can also be connected to the UFL connector by relocating the series R1 resistor (0 Ohm) to the R2 resistor position between the output of the matching and the UFL connector.4.3 RF Section Power SupplyOn the BRD4151A Radio Board the supply pin of the RF Analog Power (RFVDD) is connected directly ot the output of the on-chip DC-DC converter while the supply for the 2.4 GHz PA (PAVDD) is provided directly by the mainboard. This way, by default, the DC-DC converter provides 1.8 V for the RF analog section, the mainboard provides 3.3 V for the PA (for details, see the schematic of the BRD4151A).4.4 Bill of Materials for the 2.4 GHz MatchingThe Bill of Materials of the 2.4 GHz matching network of the BRD4151A Radio Board is shown in the following table.Table 4.1. Bill of Materials for the BRD4151A 2.4 GHz 19.5 dBm RF Matching Network | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly.Rev. 1.7 | 54.5 Inverted-F AntennaThe BRD4151A Radio Board includes an on-board printed Inverted-F Antenna tuned for the 2.4 GHz band. Due to the design restric-tions of the Radio Board the input of the antenna and the output of the matching network can't be placed directly next to each other. Therefore, a 50 Ohm transmission line was necessary to connect them. The resulting impedance and reflection measured at the output of the matcing network are shown in the following figure. As it can be observed the impedance is close to 50 Ohm (the reflection is better than -10 dB) for the entire 2.4 GHz band.Figure 4.2. Impedance and Reflection of the Inverted-F Antenna of the BRD4151A| Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly.Rev. 1.7 | 65. Mechanical DetailsThe BRD4151A EFR32 Mighty Gecko Radio Board is illustrated in the figures below.45 mmFigure 5.1. BRD4151A Top View5 mm ConnectorConnectorFigure 5.2. BRD4151A Bottom ViewMechanical DetailsRev. 1.7 | 7EMC Compliance 6. EMC Compliance6.1 IntroductionCompliance of the fundamental and harmonic levels is tested against the following standards:• 2.4 GHz:•ETSI EN 300-328•FCC 15.2476.2 EMC Regulations for 2.4 GHz6.2.1 ETSI EN 300-328 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz BandBased on ETSI EN 300-328 the allowed maximum fundamental power for the 2400-2483.5 MHz band is 20 dBm EIRP. For the unwan-ted emissions in the 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz domain the specified limit is -30 dBm EIRP.6.2.2 FCC15.247 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz BandFCC 15.247 allows conducted output power up to 1 Watt (30 dBm) in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band. For spurious emmissions the limit is -20 dBc based on either conducted or radiated measurement, if the emission is not in a restricted band. The restricted bands are speci-fied in FCC 15.205. In these bands the spurious emission levels must meet the levels set out in FCC 15.209. In the range from 960 MHz to the frequency of the 5th harmonic it is defined as 0.5 mV/m at 3 m distance (equals to -41.2 dBm in EIRP).Additionally, for spurious frequencies above 1 GHz, FCC 15.35 allows duty-cycle relaxation to the regulatory limits. For the EmberZNet PRO the relaxation is 3.6 dB. Therefore, the -41.2 dBm limit can be modified to -37.6 dBm.If operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band the 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonics can fall into restricted bands. As a result, for those the -37.6 dBm limit should be applied. For the 4th harmonic the -20 dBc limit should be applied.6.2.3 Applied Emission Limits for the 2.4 GHz BandThe above ETSI limits are applied both for conducted and radiated measurements.The FCC restricted band limits are radiated limits only. Besides that, Silicon Labs applies those to the conducted spectrum i.e., it is assumed that, in case of a custom board, an antenna is used which has 0 dB gain at the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies. In that theoretical case, based on the conducted measurement, the compliance with the radiated limits can be estimated.The overall applied limits are shown in the table below.Table 6.1. Applied Limits for Spurious Emissions for the 2.4 GHz Band | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly.Rev. 1.7 | 87. RF Performance7.1 Conducted Power MeasurementsDuring measurements, the EFR32MG Radio Board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard which was supplied by USB. The voltage supply for the Radio Board was 3.3 V.7.1.1 Conducted Measurements in the 2.4 GHz bandThe BRD4151A board was connected directly to a Spectrum Analyzer through its UFL connector (the R1 resistor (0 Ohm) was removed and a 0 Ohm resistor was soldered to the R2 resistor position). During measurements, the voltage supply for the board was 3.3 V provi-ded by the mainboard. The supply for the radio (RFVDD) was 1.8 V provided by the on-chip DC-DC converter, the supply for the power amplifier (PAVDD) was 3.3 V (for details, see the schematic of the BRD4151A). The transceiver was operated in continuous carrier transmission mode. The output power of the radio was set to the maximum level.The typical output spectrum is shown in the following figure.Figure 7.1. Typical Output Spectrum of the BRD4151AAs it can be observed, the fundamental is slightly lower than 19.5 dBm and the strongest unwanted emission is the double-frequency harmonic and it is under the -37.6 dBm applied limit.Note: The conducted measurement is performed by connecting the on-board UFL connector to a Spectrum Analyzer through an SMA Conversion Adapter (P/N: HRMJ-U.FLP(40)). This connection itself introduces approximately a 0.3 dB insertion loss.RF PerformanceRev. 1.7 | 97.2 Radiated Power MeasurementsDuring measurements, the EFR32MG Radio Board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard which was supplied by USB. The voltage supply for the Radio Board was 3.3 V. The radiated power was measured in an antenna chamber by rotating the DUT 360degrees with horizontal and vertical reference antenna polarizations in the XY , XZ and YZ cuts. The measurement axes are shown inthe figure below.Figure 7.2. DUT: Radio Board with the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard (Illustration)Note: The radiated measurement results presented in this document were recorded in an unlicensed antenna chamber. Also the radi-ated power levels may change depending on the actual application (PCB size, used antenna, and so on). Therefore, the absolute levels and margins of the final application are recommended to be verified in a licensed EMC testhouse.7.2.1 Radiated Measurements in the 2.4 GHz bandFor the transmitter antenna, the on-board printed Inverted-F antenna of the BRD4151A board was used (the R1 resistor (0 Ohm) was mounted). During the measurements the board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard (BRD4001 (Rev. A02) ) which was supplied through USB. During measurements, the voltage supply for the board was 3.3 V provided by the mainboard. The supply for the radio (RFVDD) was 1.8 V provided by the on-chip DC-DC converter, the supply for the power amplifier (PAVDD) was 3.3 V (for details, see the schematic of the BRD4151A). The transceiver was operated in continuous carrier transmission mode. The output power of the radio was set to the maximum level.The results are shown in the table below.Table 7.1. Maximums of the Measured Radiated Powers of BRD4151AAs it can be observed, thanks to the high gain of the Inverted-F antenna, the level of the fundamental is higher than 19.5 dBm. The strongest harmonic is the double-frequency one but its level is under -45 dBm.RF PerformanceEMC Compliance Recommendations 8. EMC Compliance Recommendations8.1 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz ETSI EN 300-328 complianceAs it was shown in the previous chapter, the radiated power of the fundamental of the BRD4151A EFR32 Mighty Gecko Radio Board complies with the 20 dBm limit of the ETSI EN 300-328 in case of the conducted measurement but due to the high antenna gain the radiated power is higher than the limit by 2 dB. In order to comply, the output power should be reduced (with different antennas, de-pending on the gain of the used antenna, the necessary reduction can be different). The harmonic emissions are under the -30 dBm limit. Although the BRD4151A Radio Board has an option for mounting a shielding can, that is not required for the compliance.8.2 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz FCC 15.247 complianceAs it was shown in the previous chapter, the radiated power of the fundamental of the BRD4151A EFR32 Mighty Gecko Radio Board complies with the 30 dBm limit of the FCC 15.247. The harmonic emissions are under the -37.6 dBm applied limit both in case of the conducted and the radiated measurements. Although the BRD4151A Radio Board has an option for mounting a shielding can, that is not required for the compliance.Board Revisions 9. Board RevisionsTable 9.1. BRD4151A Radio Board RevisionsNote: The silkscreen marking on the board (e.g., PCBxxxx A00) denotes the revision of the PCB. The revision of the actual Radio Board can be read from the on-board EEPROM.Errata 10. ErrataTable 10.1. BRD4151A Radio Board ErrataDocument Revision History 11. Document Revision HistoryRevision 1.72016-11-20Minor editorial updates.Revision 1.62016-10-31Corrected error in radio board connector pinout diagram.Revision 1.52016-05-24Updating Board Revisions content. Fixing Errata description.Revision 1.42016-05-05Adding Introduction chapter; moving SoC Description chapter (short ver.) to Block Description chapter. Minor improvements.Revision 1.32016-02-11Addign RF Section Power Supply chapter. Minor improvements.Revision 1.22016-01-28Fixing image render problem.Revision 1.12015-25-25Updating Inverted-F Antenna Chapter and radiated measurement results based on board revision B02.Revision 1.02015-11-27Initial release.Table of Contents1. Introduction (1)2. Radio Board Connector (2)2.1 Introduction (2)2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin Associations (2)3. Radio Board Block Summary (3)3.1 Introduction (3)3.2 Radio Board Block Diagram (3)3.3 Radio Board Block Description (3)3.3.1 Wireless MCU (3)3.3.2 LF Crystal Oscillator (LFXO) (3)3.3.3 HF Crystal Oscillator (HFXO) (3)3.3.4 Matching Network for 2.4 GHz (3)3.3.5 Inverted-F Antenna (4)3.3.6 UFL Connector (4)3.3.7 Radio Board Connectors (4)4. RF Section (5)4.1 Introduction (5)4.2 Schematic of the RF Matching Network (5)4.2.1 Description of the 2.4 GHz RF Matching (5)4.3 RF Section Power Supply (5)4.4 Bill of Materials for the 2.4 GHz Matching (5)4.5 Inverted-F Antenna (6)5. Mechanical Details (7)6. EMC Compliance (8)6.1 Introduction (8)6.2 EMC Regulations for 2.4 GHz (8)6.2.1 ETSI EN 300-328 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band (8)6.2.2 FCC15.247 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band (8)6.2.3 Applied Emission Limits for the 2.4 GHz Band (8)7. RF Performance (9)7.1 Conducted Power Measurements (9)7.1.1 Conducted Measurements in the 2.4 GHz band (9)7.2 Radiated Power Measurements (10)7.2.1 Radiated Measurements in the 2.4 GHz band (10)8. EMC Compliance Recommendations (11)8.1 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz ETSI EN 300-328 compliance (11)8.2 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz FCC 15.247 compliance (11)9. Board Revisions (12)10. Errata (13)11. Document Revision History (14)Table of Contents (15)Silicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USASimplicity StudioOne-click access to MCU and wireless tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. Available for Windows, Mac and Linux!IoT Portfolio /IoTSW/HW/simplicityQuality/qualitySupport and CommunityDisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. 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无人机8大主流主控芯片大起底在刚刚结束的CES 2016上，各大芯片厂商和设备厂商展开了一场空中争夺战，让无人机这种新兴产品形式着实火了一把，究其原因，如果无人机一直定位在个人消费品应用，它的市场容量其实十分有限，厂商对它的热情也不会这么高，但随着它在农业、物流等其他应用场景下的需求被不断发掘，一次足以席卷产业上下游的狂热也就自然随之而来。
本年度的CES上跟无人机相关的主题随处即是，而与非网小编可以颇引以为傲的说，因为大疆、亿航等国内公司凭敏锐市场嗅觉抢占先机，让国内厂商在这块市场上很是风光了一把，也掌握了产业链上的重要话语权。
但遍观无人机市场的上游芯片供应商，尤其是主控芯片，却还是以欧美韩系厂商为主导，与非网小编特别盘点了当下主流的8大无人机主控芯片，供大家参考：•1. 意法半导体STM32系列目前意法半导体的STM32系列是国内采用率很高的无人机主控芯片，在这点上意法半导体有个做法很聪明，它很早就赞助了全国大学生电子设计大赛，赛事推荐的无人机项目的主控芯片就是STM32，学生们熟悉了它的主控平台，工作后要做无人机自然也会选择它。
STM32系列又有STM32 F0/F1/F2/F3/F4/F7/L0/L1/L4多个产品系列，其中，STM32 F4系列在无人机中应用较为广泛。
基于ARM Cortex-M4的STM32F4系列MCU采用了意法半导体的NVM工艺和ART加速器，在高达180 MHz的工作频率下通过闪存执行时其处理性能达到225 DMIPS/608 CoreMark，这是迄今所有基于Cortex-M内核的微控制器产品所达到的最高基准测试分数。
由于采用了动态功耗调整功能，通过闪存执行时的电流消耗范围为STM32F410的89 µA/MHz到STM32F439的260 µA/MHz。
STM32F4系列包括八条互相兼容的数字信号控制器（DSC）产品线，是MCU实时控制功能与DSP信号处理功能的完美结合体：•高级系列•· STM32F469/479 – 180 MHz CPU/225 DMIPS，高达2 MB 的双区闪存，带SDRAM和QSPI接口，Chrom-ART Accelerator™、LCD-TFT控制器和MPI-DSI接口•· STM32F429/439 – 180 MHz CPU/225 DMIPS，高达2MB的双区闪存，具有SDRAM接口，Chrom-ART Accelerator™ 和LCD-TFT控制器•· STM32F427/437 – 180 MHz CPU/225 DMIPS，高达2 MB 的双区闪存，具有SDRAM接口、Chrom-ART Accelerator™、串行音频接口，性能更高，静态功耗更低•基础系列•· STM32F446 – 180 MHz/225 DMIPS，高达512 KB的Flash，具有Dual Quad SPI和SDRAM接口•· STM32F407/417 – 168 MHz CPU/210 DMIPS，高达1MB的Flash，增加了以太网MAC和照相机接口•· STM32F405/415 – 168 MHz CPU/210 DMIPS，高达1MB的Flash、具有先进连接功能和加密功能•基本型系列•· STM32F411 – 100 MHz CPU/125 DMIPS，具有卓越的功率效率，更大的SRAM和新型智能DMA，优化了数据批处理的功耗（采用批采集模式的动态效率系列）•· STM32F410 – 100 MHz CPU/125 DMIPS，为卓越的功率效率性能设立了新的里程碑（停机模式下89 µA/MHz和6 µA），采用新型智能DMA，优化了数据批处理的功耗（采用批采集模式的动态效率™系列），配备真随机数发生器、低功耗定时器和DAC•· STM32F401 – 84 MHz CPU/105 DMIPS，尺寸最小、成本最低的解决方案，具有卓越的功耗效率（动态效率系列）•2. 高通骁龙Flight平台在CES2016上，Qualcomm Incorporated子公司QualcommTechnologies、腾讯和零度智控发布并展示了一款基于高通骁龙Flight平台的商用无人机YING，将于2016年上半年在全球上市。
目標應用• 健康監測儀器• 中央空調及樓宇控制 • 煤氣表、水錶及暖氣表• 監控攝像機 • 數碼相機• 測量設備概述Flexis TM 系列控制器是“飛思卡爾控制器聯合體”(Freescale Controller Continuum)中的連接點，它使8位和32位產品的兼容成為現實。
Flexis系列包括可相互替換的8位S08和32位ColdFire ® V1微控制器系列產品，它們采用相同的外圍設備和開發工具，從而可以提供最大的移植靈活性。
QE系列產品由一對器件組成，它們管腳兼容，一個是8位，另一個是32位；它是Flexis系列中的首個產品族。
S08QE128器件拓展了8位微處理器的性能，達到128KB的閃存和24通道的12位模數轉換器(ADC)。
S08QE128還有高達3.6V的電源電壓、50 MHz的CPU內核和三個定時器，可改善電機控制性能，非常適用于健康監測儀器及其他電子產品，如數碼相機和網絡攝像頭等。
8位的S08QE128在管腳、外圍設備和工具等各方面都與32位的MCF51QE128互相兼容，這為它們的各方面性能都提供了前所未有的設計自由度。
Flexis TM 微控制器系列MC9S08QE1288位產品說明書使用外圍設備長電池使用壽命• 新的ULP電源等待模式• Stop3模式下6 µs的典型喚醒時間• 由內部或外部參考時鐘控制，包含鎖頻環(FLL)的內部時鐘源(ICS)模塊• 無需使用外部時鐘源。
這將從根本上降低系統開發成本。
• 閉環控制皮爾斯振蕩器(OSC)；31.25 kHz到38.4kHz或1 MHz到16 MHz的晶振或陶瓷振蕩器• 具有在低功耗模式下提供精確時基的超低功耗振蕩器Freescale TM 和Freescale標識是飛思卡爾半導體公司的注冊商標。
所有其它產品和服務的名稱均為各自所有者的財產。
©飛思卡爾半導體公司2007年版權所有。
文件編號：MC9S08QE128FSREV 0• • 相同的硬件連接器• 斷點設置• 在線調試過程中可設置一個斷點設置(外加內置調試模塊中的另三個斷點)• 包含三個比較器和九種觸發方式的ICE調試模塊。
