新东方考研英语阅读100篇(提高级)_UNIT_9

新东方出版的考研英语阅读理解精读100篇共有25个单元，本文档包含第一个单元，更多英语考研信息请点击UNIT ONETEXT ONETesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fixprices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations”in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price. [C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?[A] Retail chains.[B] Farmers.[C] Dairy companies.[D] Politicians3. The word “defiant”(Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.[A] resisiting[B] angry[C] deficient[D] confident4. We may infer from Morrisons’statement that _____ [A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business. [C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation.[D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____[A] biased.[B] objective.[C] sympathetic.[D] optimistic.篇章剖析：本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。

UNIT FIVETEXT ONEBoosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited fromit. The earnings of top City lawyers can now exceed £2m a year.Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the resultof an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms oftheir profitability. That is now changing.The profit margins of the City's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent yea rs and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a City lawyer. Buteven the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than atany other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates £65,000, rising to around £90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firmsget the equivalent of £80,000.)But, as many other top-rank City employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firmpartners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.1. Which one of the following is TURE of the status quo of London’s economy?[A] London is enjoying its best time of economic development since 1990s.[B] The growth rate of London is doubled since the beginning of the 1990s.[C] The growth rate started to boost since the end of the dotcom era.[D] The current economy of London is mostly driven by its legal instead of financial market.2. The world’s top 50 law firms are graded according to _____[A] their annual margin.[B] their profitability.[C] their sale volume.[D] their quantity of business.3.The phrase “white shoe” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means____[A] white collars.[B] first-class law firms.[C] financial agencies.[D] international banks.4. In order to be competitive, the law firms take the following measures except_____.[A] dismissing equity partners.[B] carrying out restructuring.[C] having their best lawyers turn more competitive.[D] raising salaries for recruiting talents.5. From the YouGov poll, it can be inferred that____[A] this profession is far from satisfactory.[B] most lawyers will leave the profession sooner or later.[C] most lawyers are satisfied with the profession because of the fat pay.[D] high salary is always contradictory to big satisfaction.文文文文：这这文文这这这这这这这这这这这这这这。

新东方英语100短文精度The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers.The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activ ision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft” is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gamin g, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Auditio n Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty ofcross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant,ac quired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry‟s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry‟s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。

研究生新阶英语阅读unit9参考译文Text A单项计时和多项计时1多年接触外国文化使我发现，复杂的社会在组织时间上至少有两种不同的方式：一种是根据不同时段安排不同任务，一次干一件事，这种计时制多见于北欧地区；另一种是在一个时段同时进行多项任务。

这两种系统在逻辑上和实际操作上都迥然不同，因此就像油和水，无法互融，各自既有优点也有缺点。

我把同时做多项事情称为多项计时或P-time,而把北欧系统——一次做一件事——称为单项计时或M-time。

多项计时强调的是人员的参与以及任务的完成，而不是强调对事前计划的执行。

对待预约时间也并不很认真，因此，食言是常有的事。

同时，多项计时也不像单项计时那样明确。

多项计时的人们很少感觉时间“被浪费了”。

时间通常被看作是一个点而不是一条丝带或一段路，但这个点一般却是很郑重和严肃的。

例如，如果一个阿拉伯人说：“我一个小时左右会见你”或者“我两天后见你”。

第一句话意味着他（她）会在一个小时之内见你。

第二句话意味着至少两天之后才会见你。

身处多项计时模式的社会里，人们严肃认真地对待这些承诺。

2尽管单项计时文化中的人恪守时间的安排，但是有时事情的发生却不像单时制预料地那么好。

因为我们的生活在很多时候都是难以预料的，谁能准确无误的预言某一客户、病人或多宗交易将要进行的时间。

这些都是人生交往中无法估量的因素。

也许今天十分钟能完成的事，明天得需要二十分钟才行。

有时人们有拼命还赶不完的任务，而过几天却又有剩余时间，所以说他们“浪费了”剩余的时间。

3北美人在拉美和中东经常会感到心情郁闷。

因为不论在地中海和阿拉伯国家的市场、商店还是集市，他们都处在多项计时的大环境中，周围到处是购物付款的顾客，但只有一位收银员，大家都争着吸引收银员的注意，收银员也恨不得一次就让所有人付完帐。

由于没有公认的秩序确定谁先谁后，也没有排队一说，因此也就不清楚到底谁来得最早。

对北欧或美国人来说，周围似乎充斥着混乱和喧嚣。

Unit 9Old sin makes new shame.P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1Deanne Julius, a former member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee, argued in a recent speech that there is a risk of a significant deflationary period in the main economies between now and 2005. But many of today’s central bankers, brought up to believe that their job is to fight inflation, seem to be underplaying the risk.Deflation is much more harmful than inflation. Falling prices encourage consumers to postpone spending in the expectation of cheaper goods tomorrow; they also make it impossible to deliver negative real interest rates if these are needed to drag an economy out of recession. Most dangerous of all is a cocktail of deflation and debt. Deflation pushes up the real burden of debt, while the value of assets linked to that debt, such as house prices, may have to fall even more sharply in nominal terms to return to a fair level. This has already caused severe balance-sheet problems in Japan, and now America and Germany may be at risk: In both countries debts have surged to record levels.Central bankers in America and Europe — but not in Japan — still have room to cut interest rates. However, the European Central Bank (ECB) held interest rates unchanged at 3.25% on September 12th. So long as inflation remains above the ECB’s target of “less than 2%”, the bank will be in no rush to ease policy. The Fed is also widely expected to keep rates steady at its policy meeting on September 24th. Why wait, when the risks are so lop-sided? Once deflation sets in, monetary policy can do little to revive an economy. If economies perk up and a rate cut turns out to have been unnecessary, it can be reversed: With ample excess capacity, the risk of inflation taking off is low.Many central bankers do not seem to grasp that this economic cycle is different from its predecessors. The recession was caused not, as before, by inflation taking off, but by the bursting of an asset-price bubble. American economists blame Japan’s deflation on the incompetence of its policymakers. There is some truth in this, but the awkward fact is that post-bubble economies tend to be deflation-prone.Even with interest rates at zero, Japan might have escaped deflation two years ago, when the American economy was strong, by devaluing the yen. But the world economy cannot pull off that trick. That is why central banks in America and Europe need to heed the danger now. “Deflationis like quicksand,” says Dylan Grice, “easy to get stuck in, more difficult to escape.”1. It can be inferred that many of today’s central bankers[A] don’t know how to fight deflation.[B] don’t regard fighting deflation as their job.[C] don’t pay enough attention to the danger of deflation.[D] don’t think there exists a risk of deflation.2. According to the text, during deflation falling prices might lead to[A] consumers’ frantic purchasing.[B] consumers’ suspending their purchasing plan.[C] an excess of demand over supply.[D] the delivery of negative real interest rates.3.The balance-sheet problems in Japan is mentioned to illustrate the danger of[A] a cocktail of deflation and debt.[B] zero interest rates.[C] economic recession.[D] wrong monetary policies.It seems that American and European central bankers don’t know[A] they still have room to cut interest rates.[B] the recession this time was caused by the bursting of an asset-price bubble.[C] Japan’s deflation was not due to the incompetence of its policymakers.[D] the world economy might escape deflation with zero interest rates’s attitude towards deflation is[A] frightened. [B] worried.[C] unconcerned. [D] confused.Text 2Engineers and scientists working on NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover project are in the final stages of readying the twin robots for launch and picking safe and scientifically rewarding landing sites on the Red Planet. During the past two years, Mars scientists have mulled over some 185 landing sites. They have debated the merits of each, and continue to wrestle with a matrix of maddening worries — from high winds, dust and swings of daylight temperatures to dangerous rocks that might cripple chances for successfully landing and operating the robots.Four landing locales have been culled from a huge list of promising sites. Each has its merits as well as drawbacks. “First and foremost, of course, is the fact that if you don’t land safely you don’t get any science back. This is in fact the first time that site selection has used science to triage landing sites on Mars,”said John Grant, co-chair of the Landing Site Steering Committee.Those landing locations are on the table because they address the science objectives of the rover missions: Determine if water was present on Mars and whether there are conditions favorable to the preservation of evidence for ancient life. Each wheeled rover carries the Athena package of science gear. That array of equipment has undergone rigorous calibration and testing. Matching Athena’s performance to the right site to maximize scientific output and achieve testing of scientific hypotheses is crucial.Each rover will have a primary mission lasting at least three months on the Martian surface.Manning served similar duty for the Mars Pathfinder/Sojournerrover mission that touched down on the Red Planet in July 1997. The project was less than three years from start to launch. Manning said, “We had to do so much over again. So many parts of the system we had to go back and re-engineer for this larger mass vehicle. For instance, the huge gaggle of airbags that cocoons each rover during hard landing has been dropped —tested some 50 times. Early tests proved worrisome — so much so that significant beefing up of the airbags was necessary. Similarly, there were a number of ill-fated tests of the MER parachute system. That too demanded considerable extra work to iron out a mission trouble spot.”For Jim Garvin, NASA led scientists for Mars exploration，MER is the first real taste of the surface. The twin rovers armed with the Athena science payload will calibrate the whole community on what Mars is truly like. He said, “I like to call rocks ‘Mother Nature’s artifacts’.I think what MER will give us is far less confusion about two very different types of sites.”6. What does “wrestle with a matrix of maddening worries” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) mean?[A]To fight for the threat of some tricky problems.[B] To evaluate the advantages of each landing site.[C] To find the solutions of many complex problems.[D] To deal with how to operate robots successfully.7. What is the most important thing for scientists to do in exploration of the Mars?[A] To decide if conditions are favorable for ancient life.[B] To find the most appropriate landing sites.[C] To achieve testing of scientific hypotheses.[D] To calibrate and test the equipment.8.The safe and scientifically rewarding landing sites on the Mars are[A] places where the robots can land and determine if there is water on Mars.[B] locations where scientists can get something unknown about Mars.[C] sites that do no harm to astronomers and can provide scientific information.[D] l ocales where the twin robots can land safely and get scientific information.9.Manning’s statement implies that[A] many parts of the system had to be re-engineered.[B] NASA attaches great importance to the MER project.[C] scientists are not sure about the MER project.[D] the MER parachute system had to be tested.10.What is this passage mainly about?[A] Scientists are heating up the exploration of Mars.[B] Scientists are trying to find landing sites on the Red Planet.[C] Scientists are getting scientific information from Mars.[D] Scientists are knowing little about the four spots on Mars.Text 3Before the summer of 2000, the 54-year-old John Haughom could accomplish just about anything at work. “I could move mountains if I put my mind to it.” he says in those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldn’t move them anymore. On the phone with his wife one morning, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later, Haughom checked himself in for athree-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the Federal Government’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the second-biggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What’s notable about today’s wave of stressed-out workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. Powerful chief executives officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today’s tough economy, top executives don’t have as much control as they used to. “Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress is part of our character building,” Lebenthal says. “But I think I don’t need any more character building. What I need is a vacation.”But if you think that going on vacation is hard —and studies show that 85% of corporate executives don’t use all the time off they’re entitled to —seeking treatment for stress is even harder. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won’t dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress —and even many who aren’t —refused to talk on the record about the topic. “Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this.” one CEO said through his therapist.11. What does the sentence “Haughom is far from alone” (line1,Para. 2) mean?[A] Haughom does not feel lonely though he lives by himself.[B] There are many other people who are afflicted by stress.[C] Haughom lives far from the workplace where he works by himself.[D] Haughom does not feel lonely even if he stays at the Center by himself.12. What is the European Community’s attitude toward stress?[A] Stress is a disease that people should try to handle.[B] Stress has great influence on working people’s lives.[C] Stress is one of the most serious occupational problems.[D] Stress is a major problem all the people face.13. Why are middle managers regarded as most threatened by stress?[A] Because they don’t have as much control as they used to.[B] Because they are not able to handle stress.[C] Because they have little power over the situation in the company.[D] Because they need more character building.14. The CEO’s statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that[A] stress has become such a taboo that people won’t dare admit.[B] CEOs don’t like their names appearing in story books.[C] CEOs are afraid of being recorded.[D] not admitting this weakness will produce something good.15.What is this text mainly about?[A] Increasingly serious lack of vacation in people’s work.[B] The second biggest disease in the world.[C] The most serious problem people have to face.[D] Serious pressure faced by working people.Text 4With its common interest in law-breaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable at any rate in the narrow sense of the word of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective storywriters are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background.The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental.Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted in these stories.16.The crime novel may be regarded as[A] a respectable form of the traditional novel.[B] not a true form of novel at all.[C] related in some ways to the historical novel.[D] an independent development of the novel.17.Intellectuals write detective stories because[A] the stories are often in fact very instructive.[B] they enjoy writing these stories in their spare time.[C] these stories demands considerable intelligence.[D] the stories are an accepted branch of literature.18.What feature of the detective story is despised by intellectual critics?[A] The many seeming impossible events.[B] The unmasking of the evil and the recognition of the good.[C] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.[D] The lack of interest in genuine character revelations.19.The most incredible characteristic of the hero in a thriller is[A] his exciting life.[B] his amazing toughness.[C] his escape from danger.[D] his ability to defeat his enemies.20.The detective story and the thriller are unlike in[A] providing a sense of security.[B] providing excitement and suspense.[C] appealing to the intellectual curiosity of reader.[D] ensuring that everything comes right in the end.Part B 社会生活646 易Directions:You are going to read a text, followed by a list of examples or explanations. Choose the best item from the list [A]-[F] for each numbered subheading (1-5). There is one extra item which you do not need to use.In the last few decades, it has become accepted wisdom that diet plays a key role in health. Furthermore, it is generally understood that some foods, in particular fats, sugars, and salt, are bad if eaten in excess. This has in tur n created a vast “health food” market, both through specialty shops and on particular lines in almost all retailers. Now, some of the theories behind healthy eating are coming under attack.21. Links between diet and health were identified by a few pioneer nutritionists in the first half of the 20th century.22. Studies of people with a very different diet from that of Western society gave hints to the links to some degree.The theory of “diseases of Western civilization” was developed. This suggested tha t some factor or factors in our way of life made us particularly susceptible to a range of serious health problems that were virtually unknown in the past.23. Yet it calls efforts to verify the links.Links between food and health are even more difficult to pin down. Harmful factors known or suspected include many additives, including colorings and preservatives, agrochemical residues, microbial contaminants, natural toxins in food, and the types of food itself.24. Concerns on the relations between food and health are undergoing.Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is important to the functioning of the body and is made in the liver. It is also provided in the diet by diary products and meat. However, high levels in the blood are thought to contribute to hardening of the arteries, leading to heart attacks. People who are overweight often, but by no means always, have higher levels of cholesterol than thin people. Saturated fatty acids are particularly high in cholesterol. Since heart disease is one of the major killers in Western society, reduction of cholesterol has become a preoccupation of many people. To date, advice about this has concentrated on reducing consumption of fatty meat and dairy products, with substitution of more vegetables, margarine made with polyunsaturated fats, and so on.25. However，the studies are still of doubtful accuracy.Some of the alternatives to a high-cholesterol diet are turning out to have problems of their own. For example, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils made from soybeans and maize are now thought to be possibly linked to development of heart disease themselves.Although we many well see some modification of ideas about diet and health over the next few years, the general principles of increasing fresh food, roughage, and vegetables and reducing rich foods, remain a good basis for a healthy diet.[A] Over the past few years, the role of different foodstuffs in creating diseases of Western civilization has become the focus of controversy. In particular, links between cholesterol and heart disease have become increasingly well concerned.[B] Sir Robert McCarthy carried out a series of comparisons on populations in different parts of India and found marked contrasts in average life span, which he ascribed to different diets.[C] For the last few decades, much medical research had been concentrated on identifying these links. Perhaps even more importantly, their relative importances, and the interactions between various factors, have to be distinguished. This is not as easy as it sounds. Identifying precisely why any particular person becomes ill or dies of heart disease or cancer is impossible.[D] There are clearly links between West diet and both cancer and heat disease, and a range of established health problems linked with being overweight that are at least partial caused by too many fatty foods and sugars，which are not found in some other co untries’ diet.[E] The Eskimo people of the far north, some African tribes of people, farmers in the Himalayas, and the Japanese, found that these groups were virtually free of many of the major killer diseases of Europe and North America, including heart disease and cancer.[F] The research into links between cholesterol levels and heart disease is ambiguous; as is evidence that lowering cholesterol helps prevent heart disease. It now appears that the precise chemical form of cholesterol is important, and perhaps also the way that it reaches the body.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.26)According to the best evidence gathered by space probes and astronomers, Mars is an inhospitable planet, more similar to Earth’s Moon than to Earth itself — a dry, stark, seemingly lifeless world. Mar’s air pressure is equal to Earth’s at an altitude of 100,000 feet. The air there is 95% carbon dioxide. Mars have no ozone layer to screen out the Sun’s lethal radiation. Daytime temperatures may reach above freezing, but because the planet is blanketed by the mere wisp of an atmosphere, the temperature drops to －50℃(－60℃F) at night. 27) Today there is no liquidwater, although valleys and channels on the surface show evidence of having been carved by running water. The polar ice caps are made of frozen water and carbon dioxide, and water may be frozen in the ground as permafrost28)Despite these difficult conditions, certain scientists, believe that there is a possibility of transforming Mars into a more Earth’like planet. Nuclear reactors might be used to melt frozen gas es and eventually build up the atmosphere. This in turn could create a “greenhouse effect” that would keep heat from radiating back into space. Liquid water could be thawed to form a polar ocean. 29)Once enough ice has melted, suitable plants could be introduced to build up the level of oxygen in the atmosphere so that, in time, the planet would support animal life from Earth and even permanent human colonies. “This was once thought to be so far in the future as to be irrelevant,” said Christopher McKey, a research scientists at the National Aeronautics and space Administration. “But now it’s starting to look practical. We could begin work in four or five decades.”The idea of “terra-forming” Mars, as enthusiasts call it, has its roots in science fiction.30)But as researchers develop a more profound understanding of how Earth’s ecology supports life, they have begun to see how it may be possible to create similar conditions on Mars. Don’t plan on homesteading on Mars any time soon, though. The process could take hundreds or even thousands of years to complete, and the cost would be staggering.做题点拨与全文翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.deflationary a.通货紧缩的2.underplay v.对…轻描淡写，贬低…的重要性3.deliver vt.发表（意见、见解），宣布；解救，拯救；给予（打击等)4. recession n. (经济的)衰退，衰退期5.cocktail n.混合物；鸡尾酒会；用海鲜或水果做的菜6.nominal a.名义上的，有名无实的；（费用等）很少，象征性的；名词性的7.lopsided a.不平衡的8.perk v.愉快，活跃或振作起来9.reverse v.彻底改变；颠倒；使倒退，反向10.heed v.（正式）注意（警告或忠告）难句突破1.Falling prices encourage consumers to postpone spending [in the expectation of cheaper goods tomorrow]; they also make it impossible to deliver negative real interest rates [if these are needed to drag an economy out of recession].【分析】并列句。

Lesson 11. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。

2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.”佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。

”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。

”3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings.美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。

新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT 22•TEXT ONEAlthough it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expected to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination.The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure.Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void.If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%.Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps' small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps.Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury,a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.1．The function of electrodes in the traditional lamp is to _____[A] transform electricity into light through chemical reaction with the gas inside the bulb.[B] seal the rupture of the structure of the bulb so as to prevent potential failure.[C] connect the glass housing with the lighting device.[D] seal the bulbs into the lighting system to ensure that the bulb’s normal function.2. Which one of the following statements is TURE of the design principle of the new lamp?[A] No electricity is conducted into the lamp from outside.[B] The energy is created by the collision of the electrons and atoms and molecules of the gas.[C] The light is created by the ionized atoms of the gas.[D] The electricity is created as the atoms of the gas are ionized.3．The new type of lamp can be energy-efficient because of the following reason except_____[A] the light it generates focuses on one direction indeed of scatter light.[B] the light it generates is more concentrated.[C] only microwave acts as the power supplier for the lamp.[D] the light it generates is more bright.4. The new light is ideal for some special buildings mentioned in the passage because_____[A] the new light bulbs are not so complicated nor expensive.[B] the new light bulbs are more advantageous than the semiconductor devices.[C] the new light bulbs can last for a much longer time.[D] the new light bulbs makes light changing easier and cheaper.5. Which one of the following is NOT the advantage of this new lamp?[A] It is environment friendly.[B] It can be made at a lower cost.[C] It is safer for people.[D] It is multi-purpose.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了一种新发明的灯泡。