章振邦英语语法复习17-36讲2

1、课程编码：GXB/ GXB2、课程名称：英语语法3、英文名称：English Grammar4、推荐教材和教学参考书：5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。

5、教学参考书：⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。

⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。

⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。

⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。

⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。

⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。

6、课程类型：专业基础课7、总学时：72 学时8、学分：49、适用专业：各种英语专业10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读二、课程性质与设置目的：《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。

作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。

三、课程教学基本目标：英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。

学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。

四、考核方式：1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。

章振邦语法英语句⼦汉译：层次简单句并列句复杂句并列复杂句简单句并列句复杂句并列复杂句的理解与翻译使⽤基于信息流翻译观的⽅法于⼿段就不会那么难，因为这是⼈际交流的基本规律：信息的获取与传递！完全句，按其结构形式，⼜可分为简单句（simple sentence) 、并列句(Compound Sentence) 、复杂句(complex sentence) 和并列复杂句 (compound-complex senlence) 。

这是形式层次的结构，不影响从信息结构层次思考信息传递的⽅法和⼿段。

简单句：包含⼀个主谓结构。

例如：[1] The students have made better grades in the past few weeks.这些学⽣已经取得了更好的成绩，就在这过去的⼏周。

[2] The boy can stay in the room only for a few minutes.这男孩可以待在房间的时间只有⼏分钟。

构成分句成分的词组本⾝带有从属分句，那么这个句⼦仍然是简单句。

[3] The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks.这些学⽣是我教的，已经取得了更好的成绩，就在这过去的⼏周。

某个句⼦成分直接由从属分句表⽰，那么这句⼦成为了复杂句。

[4] The students would have made better gra des if they had studied hard.这些学⽣本来可以取得更好的成绩，如果他们当时学得更认真些。

[5] The boy can stay in the room so long as he keeps quiet.这男孩可以待在房间⾥⾯，但他必须保持安静。

[6] What he said is not true.所有他说的都不是真的。

[7] I didn't understand what he meant.我不懂他的意思。

《英语语法》教学大纲课程编号：2152102课程类别：专业课学时：32学分：2.0适用专业：英语专业一年级先修课程：无一、课程性质、目的和任务《英语语法》为英语专业基础课，英语语法根据英语专业人才培养的要求，旨在对学生进行英语语法基本理论和基本技能的教育和培养。

通过本课程的学习，学生应具有基本的理论知识和应用能力，了解英语语法的一些基本知识与概念，了解英语语言的原理、规则与特点，熟练掌握常用的语法知识，语法体系，具备进一步学习英语语言与英语高级语法的基础，并能够在英语口语、阅读、写作、翻译等实际应用中正确使用英语。

课程任务是帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。

二、课程教学内容、要求1．课程教学内容语法层次；句子结构；主谓一致；名词和名词词组及属格；限定词；代词；动词和动词词组；动词的时和体；将来时间表示法；被动态；虚拟式；助动词；不定式；分词；独立结构；比较等级和比较结构；并列结构；从属结构；关系分句；倒装；省略；替代；语篇衔接2. 课程教学要求：1). 精讲多练，注重实践2)．以学生为中心组织教学3)．注意培养语篇水平上应用语法知识的能力。

导论：语法层次序号知识点能力要求1 词素：自由词素；粘附词素理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 词：简单词、派生词、复合词；封闭词类和开放词类理解（一）基础3 词组：名词词组、动词词组、形容词词组、副词词组、介词词组理解4 分句：独立分句和从属分句；简单分句和复杂分句；主句和从句；限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句掌握5 句子：完全句和不完全句；简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句掌握第1 讲：句子结构序号知识点能力要求1 主谓结构和句子分析理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 基本句型掌握（一）基础3 基本句型的转换与扩大掌握第2、3 讲：主谓一致序号知识点能力要求1 主谓一致的指导原则理解2 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题掌握对专业培养目标的支持（程度）3 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题掌握4 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题掌握5以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题掌握6其他方面的主谓一致问题掌握（一）基础第4、5 讲：名词、名词词组和名词属格序号知识点能力要求1 名词分类了解2 名词词组的句法功能理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）3 名词的数了解4 单位词理解5名词属格的构成、意义和用法掌握6独立属格和双重属格掌握（一）基础第6、7 讲：限定词序号知识点能力要求限定词与三类名词的搭配关系理解1 对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 限定词与限定词的搭配关系理解3 Many、much/few 、little/some 、any/all 、both 等若干限定词用法比较掌握（一）基础4 冠词的类指与特指理解5 各类名词前的冠词用法掌握第8、9 讲：代词序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 代词及其先行项在数、性、人称方面的一致掌握2 代词的格理解3 物主代词、反身代词、人称代词的类指用法掌握（一）基础4 代词的照应理解第10 讲：动词和动词词组序号知识点能力要对专业培养目标求的支持（程度）1 动词的分类理解2 动词的时、体、态、式概说掌握（一）基础第11、12 讲：动词的时和体序号知识点能力要求1 一般现在时的用法掌握2 一般过去时的用法掌握3 现在进行体的用法掌握对专业培养目标的支持（程度）4 过去进行体的用法掌握（一）基础5 现在完成体和现在完成进行体的用法掌握6 过去完成体和过去完成进行体的用法掌握7 关于完成体用法的几点补充说明掌握第13 讲：将来时间表示法序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 英语中表示将来时间的几种结构掌握2 表示将来时间的几种结构的用法掌握（一）基础第14、15 讲：被动态序号知识点能力要求1 被动句的使用场合理解2 两种被动句型的转换掌握对专业培养目标的支持（程度）3 英汉被动意义表示法比较理解（一）基础4 主动结构表示被动意义的问题掌握5 被动结构和系表结构的比较理解第16 讲：虚拟式序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 语气的定义和种类、虚拟式的定义理解2 虚拟式的两种形式：be- 型虚拟式;were- 型虚拟式理解3 两种虚拟式的意义和用法掌握4其他表达假设意义的形式和用法掌握（一）基础第17、18 讲：助动词序号知识点能力要求1 助动词的分类、形式和功能理解2 助动词的缩略形式了解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）3 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法掌握（一）基础4 情态意义表示法掌握5 基本助动词和半助动词的意义和用法理解第19、20 讲：不定式序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 非限定动词的定义与分类理解2 不定式的形式与功能掌握（一）基础3 不定式符号的问题理解4 不定式与形容词的搭配关系掌握5 不定式与名词的搭配关系掌握6 不定式与动词的搭配关系掌握第21、22 讲：分词序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 -ing 分词以及-ed 分词的形式与功能理解2 -ing 分词与动词的搭配关系掌握3 既能直接带不定式有能直接带-ing 分词的动词掌握4 -ed 分词作前置修饰语和补语掌握（一）基础5 不定式、-ing 分词和-ed 分词的用法和比较掌握6 悬垂分词的定义和用法理解第23、24、25 讲：形容词和形容词词组；副词和副词词组；比较等级和比较结构序号知识点能力要求1 形容词、副词的定义、分类和功能理解2 形容词和副词的比较等级理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）3 比较结构的基本形式: as , as 结构/ more , than 结构/ (the)+ 形容词/ 副词最高级+比较范围结构其他比较结构的形式与用法：more, than /not结构的其他用法掌握（一）基础4 so, as 与not so much, as/not more than 与no more than/ the掌握more, the more 与more and more第26 讲：介词和介词词组序号知识点能力要求1 介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配关系掌握对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 复杂介词掌握（一）基础3 介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系掌握第27 讲：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句序号知识点能力要求1 肯定陈述句和否定陈述句了解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 疑问句的类型和用法：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、附加疑问句掌握（一）基础3 祈使句的意义和用法掌握4 感叹句的意义和用法掌握第28、29 讲：存在句；IT- 句型序号知识点能力要求1 存在句的结构特征理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 存在句的非限定形式的用法：there to be ;there being 结构了解3 “虚义”it 和先行it 掌握4 it“分裂句引导词”掌握（一）基础4/7序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 并列结构的各种形式理解2 and ,or but 并列连词的意义和用法理解3 从属连词和从属句的分类理解4 限定从属分句的分类和用法：名词性分句、形容词性分句（关系分句）和福此行分句（状语分句）掌握5 非限定从句的结构模式和句法功能：不定式分句、-ing 分词分句-ed 分词分句掌握（一）基础6 无动词分句的结构模式和句法功能掌握7 简单句、并列句和从属句的转换掌握8 独立结构的实质和类型理解9 独立结构的意义和用法掌握第33 讲：关系分句序号知识点能力要求1 限制性关系分句和非限制性关系分句理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 关系词的选择掌握3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的分句结构掌握4双重关系分句和嵌入式关系分句了解（一）基础第34 讲：条件句序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 条件句的类型理解2 条件句四种类型的基本形式和变体形式掌握（一）基础第35 讲：直接引语和间接引语序号知识点能力要求陈述句的间接引语：时间的变化（现在时间推移到过去时间、过去1时间推移到过去的过去、将来时间推移到过去将来时间）和人称代掌握对专业培养目标的支持（程度）词、限定词、实际安装于、地点状语的变化2 疑问句的间接引语的引导词选择和交际功能理解3祈使句和感叹句间接引语的转换掌握4各类句子混杂使用的间接引语了解（一）基础第36 讲：修饰序号知识点能力要求1 名词修饰语的类型和用法理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 名词词组同位语的结构形式、引导词、附加修饰成分掌握（一）基础3 限制性同位语和非限制性同位语理解第37、38 讲替代和省略序号知识点能力要求1 名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代的定义、省略的类型理解对专业培养目标的支持（程度）2 名词性替代词one/ones 的用法掌握3 one 分别作为替代词、类指代词和数词的用法掌握4动词替代词的用法掌握（一）基础5 分句替代词的用法掌握6 并列结构和主从结构中的省略掌握第39 讲：后置、前置、倒装序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 英语语序的历时发展了解2 英语的自然语序和特殊语序理解（一）基础3 后置、前置与倒装的功能和用法掌握第40 讲：从句到篇序号知识点能力要求对专业培养目标的支持（程度）1 句子和语篇：句子的意义和交际功能；句子结构的正确性和适合性理解2 语篇的逻辑、语法、词汇纽带理解3 语篇结构—句子、语段、语篇理解4语篇修饰理解（一）基础三、参考学时分配章节各章标题名称讲授学时实践学时上机学时备注导论语法层次（导论） 1第1 讲句子结构 1 第2、3 讲主谓一致 2第4 、5 讲名词和名词词组及属格 1第6、7 讲限定词 1第8、9 讲代词 2第10 讲动词和动词词组 1第11、12 讲动词的时和体 2第13 讲将来时间表示法 1第14、15 讲被动态 1第16 讲虚拟式 1 1 第17、18 讲助动词 1第19、20 讲不定式 1 1 第21、22 讲分词 1 1第23、24、25 讲形容词和形容词词组；副词和副词词组；比较等级和比较结构1 1第26、27、28 讲介词和介词词组；陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句；存在句1 1第29 讲IT- 句型 1第30 、31、32 讲并列和从属结构 1 1第33、34、35 讲关系分句；条件句；直接引语和间接引语1 1第36、37、38 讲修饰、替代与省略 1第39、40 讲倒装；语篇衔接 1 1总学时：32四、课程说明1. 本大纲依据兰州理工大学技术工程学院2014 年英语专业本科人才培养方案编写。

《新编英语语法教程》答案新编英语语法教程第29讲练习参考答案Ex. 29A1. It is possible that the Joneses will come to the party as well.2. It doesn’t matter very much whether they will come or not.3. It is quite likely that he will let you down.4. It seems that you have taken a dislike to him.5. It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.6. It was rather complicated getting the car on the boat.7. It would be a good idea to get up a petition. / I think it a good idea to get up a petition.8. It is a great pleasure to be here with you this morning.9. It was so kind of you to invite us. 10. It doesn’t matter in the least what you say. 11. It is / remains a mystery how he came to have such a valuable painting. 12. It is regretted that you should feel obliged to resign at this point. 13. It would be pity to spoil such a fine drawing. 14. It makes me feel sad seeing you sitting here all alone. 15. Is it very dull living here?/ do you find it very dull living here? 16. It is impossible for me to forgive him. 17. It was not known whether there was gold left in the mine. 18. It looks as if the park is very small. 19. It seems as though our plan is perfect. 20. It was clearly indicated that he didn’t want to speak to me.Ex. 29B1. It gets dark early in winter.2. Its no use asking her. She doesn’tknow anything. 3. Its two miles to the station from here.4. Have you seen it hail?5. We leave it to you to decide what must be done.6. It is said that the spy slipped arsenic into his tea.7. It’s a pity (that) you missed that concert. 8. It looks as if he were very afraid. 9. It is no use crying over spilt milk.10. It was several months before we met again.Ex. 29C1. 迟早我要跟他说个明白。

新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案Ex. 6A (4A)1. description2. arrangement3. attendanee4. peculiarity5. expectation6. argument7. dependenee8. originality9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity12. persistence13. exte nsion 14. state me nt 15. gen erosity 16. en trance 17. Io neliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousnessEx. 6B (6E)1. How much work have you done this morning?2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.3. He's done the least work ・4. There are several methods of approaching this problem・5. I know little French.6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work.7. Were there many people at the reception?8. May I have a few words with you?9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.10. Harry made the fewest mistakes.11. You ' ve lear nt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.12. Jack ' s done the most work and made the most mistakes.13. He's done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.14. A millionaire has lots of money 一and lots of worries.15. Anna has eno ugh worries b ecause she hasn ' t got enough money.16. The telephone rang every few minutes.17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006.19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second・hand car, but I spent almost twice theamount for the same stuff.新编英语语法教程第07讲练习参考答案Ex. 7A1. experience2. waters3. for advice4. an imports nt piece of information5. for it is fun6. were not numerous7. Poultry8. directors are9. militia10. geniuses11. merchandise has12. sympathies13. experiences14. were times, rivalry15. clippings,were16.lookers-on18. photosEx. 7B1. blade2. piece3. choir4. flash5. lump6. gang7. grain8. head 9. staff 10. collection 11. fleet 12. cluster 13.bundle 14. bunch 15. team 16. piece 17. ear 18. bar 19. herd 20. pack 21. flock 22. crowd / swarm 23. troupe 24. bench 25. grove 26. collection 27. suite 28. squadron 29. band 30. libraryEx. 7C1. ・・・Dick‘ s decision to emigrate to Australia.2. the expansion of the Physics Department / The PhysicsDepartme nt' s expansi on ・・・3. ・•・ a novel of Jane Austen ' s.4. That long report of Mr Allen 's・・・5. Those new shoes of yours ・・・6. ・・・the article of the stude nt8. ・・・a ship ' s carpenter.7. ・••Shakespeare， s tragedies / the tragedies of Shakespeare9. The puni shment of the offenders ・••10. ・・-the past decade ' s events / the events of the past decade11. ・・・ the enemy5 s unconditional surrender / the unconditional surrender of the enemy.12 •••other people ' s criticism of him.13. •.…the younger gen eration ' s educati on / the education of the youn ger gen eratio n.14. ・•・ at John Wiley ' s, the bookseller' s.15. ・•・ an article of T. Johns'・・・16. ・・・this policy of the government ' s・・・?17. ・•・ an idiot' s tale.18. That dog of Frank ' s…19. This book of Joe Hill' s…20. Jane ' s letter7D The leg of the table is broken. Mary and John ' s house is on the corner. •••on birs ' s nests. •••the stude nts problems. • at the Joneses … Charles ' car but someone else ' s. ・・・ in ten years ' time. The products ' effectiveness This week ' s news •••than the last two weeks …others ' problems. … each other' s worries. My brother and sister-in- law' s house ・・・Ex.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.A friend of my father15. A wheel of the car16. /17. The bas eball player， wives ・・・18. ・--women s clothing only.19. ・・・ Milton' s Iong poems.20. Those new shoes of yours ・・•新编英语语法教程第08讲练习参考答案Ex. 8A1-5 AABDB 6-10 CCCDB 11-15 ACABC 16-20 DBDCD Ex. 8B1. books2. end3. words4. news5. weeks6. sign7. money8. intelligence9. books 10. line 11. sentences 12. strength 13. apple, money, etc 14. case 15. nurses 16. bales 17. novel, ones 18. years, cause 19. rooms 20. casesEx. 8C1-5 BDCAD 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 CDDCC Ex. 8D1. •…」ittle opport unity to travel.2. ・--many such no vels.3. ・・・/ Neither sentence is correct En glish.4. He has many more problems ・・・5. ・・・ this kind of apple / these kind (s) of apples.6. I enjoy either kind,7. ・・・ every book in the fiction section.8. ・・・ than in any other country in the world.9. ・・・ a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.10. ・・• all this luggage / all the luggage at the airport.11. ・・・ such beautiful poetry / such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe she has never had a formal education.12. ••£ great many friends in New York.13. Whatever n on sense14. That third sister of his15. I can ' t for the life of me remember.16. Presumably there are fewer / less diseases ・・・17. ・・-tha n all other methods.18. ・・・ once every three mon ths.19. ・--study of Ian guage.20. ・・・ some more soup?Ex. 8EOf?all?the?things?we?eat?and?drink, water?is?the?most?important.Not?many?people?understand this, but it is quite true. The human body can go without food for a long time, but?two?or?three?days?without?water?will?result?in?death.Many ?people?do ?not? understand?how?much?water?the?human?body?needs?to ?work properly, and many people do notdrink eno ugh ・ More people drink whe n they are thirsty, but often need much more, especially when they have been taking exercises.It is vital that people should drink eno ugh water every day. Water can help people to keep fit. It can also ease pain in case of illness.The habit of drinking water soon after getting up will bring a purging and refreshingeffect likewise, drinking some water before bedtime willalso do people, especially old people, a lot of good. When one is fain ting, water will bring him back to consciousness; if one is badly wounded, water will help to lend him vigour. In a word, water means life.A lack of water in the body is most harmful to health.新编英语语法教程第09讲练习参考答案Ex. 9A1.02. 03. the, an4. the5. 06. the, the, the7. 0, a8. 0, the 9. a, the 10. the 11.0, the 12. A 13. The, the14. the 15. 0, 0 16. 0, the 17. 0, a, an, a, the 18. the, the, a, the 19. the, the, the, the, the, the 20. a, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 / aEx. 9B1. a2. the3. a4. a5. a6. an7. the8. the9. a 10.the 11.0 12. the13. a 14. the 15. a 16. 0 17. the 18. a 19. a 20. a / the21 ・ an 22. the 23. a 24. 0 25. an 26. the 27. the 28. the29. the 30. a 31. the 32. the 33. a 34. a 35. the 36. the37. the 38. the 39. an 40. 0 41.0 42. 0 43. a 44. a45. the 46. 0 47. the 48. a 49. the 50. the 51. theEx. 9C2. Lake Michigan3. The Straits of Gibraltar4. Qomolangma5. The National Gallery6. the World Cup7. Christmas8. The Olympic Games9. NATO 10. the BBC 11.Newsweek 12. The Times 13. Whitehall 14. the Finance Ministry 15. Parliament 16. the Senate17. a John Spenee 18. Jones and Smith 19. The watermans20. The White House 21. university 22. church 23. table 24. the university 25. the hospital 26. prison 27. The train 28.The hovercraft, the boat 29. hovercraft 30. a taxi 31. school 32. a bus 33. the ferry 34. a cinema 35. The film 36. thePope 37. a world 38. Language 39. experience 40.1 awEx. 9D1 ・ the 2. a 3. the 4. a 5. his 6. the 7. my 8. a 9. the10. the 11. the 12. 0 13. a 14. a 15. Sam*s 16. the 17. A18. the 19. The 20. His 21 ・ the 22. her 23. your1. a2. the3. another4. an5. the6. a7. an8. a9.an 10. 0 11.0 12. a 13. the 14. the 15. Each 16. a 17.the 18. the 19. a 20. other 21 ・ the22. another 23. the 24. a 25. the 26. theEx. 9EI. on the spot 2. from top to bottom 3. on hand 4. an the front5. in a fashion6. taken a fancy to7. in case of8. took the fancy of9. in trouble, lend a hand 10. went by the boardII. within reach of 12. on top of 13. In the case of 14.in the shade 15. at a loss 16. in possession of 17. in the possessi on of 18. under cover 19. bur ning the mid night oil20. at short noticeEx. 9F 1. Light travels faster than sound.Be quiet, please. Don t let me hear a sound. In writing English, after each word we leave a space. This box occupies too much space. After a big meal, you should take a rest. Everybody needs food, drink and rest. He did it out of kindness. Thank you. You have done me a kindness. He lives close at hand. The children suffered a lot at the hands of their stepfather. Have you got an English-French dictionary? Have you got an En glish and a French dicti on ary? How do you like the red and white roses in my garden? Have you seen the red (roses) and the white roses in my garden? He is still in hospital. I ' m going to the hospital to see him. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. There is a garden in front of the house.18. There is a picture in the front of the book.19. This style of dress is no longer in fashion.20. She likes to read about the lastest fashion.21. Don J t talk too much at table.22. My friend was sitting at the table writing a letter.23. When we called, his family were at dinner.24. When we called, his family was giving a dinner.25. The students take / took quite a fancy to their teacher.26. The exhibits in the hall soon took the fancy of the visitors.27. The old man is in possession of a huge fortune.28. This island was once in the possession of the Great Britain.29. You must immediately consult a doctor in case of illness.30. Pauline is stupid, but it is different in the case of Mary; she is just lazy.。

Lecture 2Clause Structure and Basic Clause patterns 2.1 Clause Structure—Subject and Predicate An independent clause or a simple sentence is structurally a sequence of phrases logically organized into a construction of “subject + predicate”. The core of the clause can be divided into two main parts: the subject and the predicate.1) Subject structurally analyzedThe subject is the topic or theme of the clause, which tells of what the clause is about. It is generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase, including finite and non-finite subordinate clauses:Actions speak louder than words.An idle brain is the devil’s workshop.Seeing is believing.Whoever says that is a liar.2) Predicate structurally analyzedThe predicate is the part of a clause that tells of something about the subject and bearsthe new information that the speaker or writer wants to transmit to his reader or hearer. The structure of the predicate is usually longer and more complicated than that of the subject. It generally consists of a predicate verb with or without any complementation (i.e. object, complement, adverbial). Thus, the subject (S), verb (V), object (O), complement (C) and adverbial (A) make the five basic clause elements. The different combinations of these elements form 7 basic patterns:Linking verb + complementMonotransitive verb + objectDitransitive verb + indirect object + direct objectComplex-transitive verb + object + complementIntransitive verb + zero complementationIntransitive verb + adverbialTransitive verb + object + adverbial3) Double predicateA double predicate is the combination oftwo predicates into one. For example:He left home a mere child and returned an old man.=He left home when he was a child, and returned when he was an old man.A bird fell dead to the ground.=A bird fell to the ground and was dead.4) Comparison between English and Chinese in clause structureIn both English and Chinese, the clause structure is characterized by the pattern that the subject precedes the predicate. Yet, in English, a sentence must have a subject, while in Chinese, a sentence may sometimes be subjectless. Also, in English, the predicate must have a verb while in Chinese it can be verbless.2.2 Basic clause patterns and their significance in English study1) Basic clause patternsThere are seven basic clause patterns, each of which has a different kind of predicateverb that determines whether a complement should be followed. The seven patterns are described as follows:a) subject + intransitive verb (SV) Everybody laughed.The children are sleeping.b) subject + linking verb + complement (SVC) She is in good health.Those flowers smell good.c) subject + verb + object (SVO)I want a return ticket.Nobody could answer the question.d) subject +ditransitive verb +indirect object + direct object (SV oO)I sent him an invitation to the party.He showed me the way to the railway station.e) subject + complex transitive verb + object + complement (SVOC)They painted the walls creamy white.They elected him president.f) subject + intransitive verb + adverbial(SV A)She lives in Beijing.He will be flying to Shanghai.g) subject + transitive verb + object + adverbial (SVOA)He treated his wife vilely.They put the material evidence in front of him.2) Significance of some knowledge of the basic clause patternsSome knowledge of the basic clause patterns helps in the understanding of long and complicated sentence structures.。

教案新编英语语法教程章振邦2016——2017学年度第二学期本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：限选课总学时28、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语词汇的过程中出现语法错误。

2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。

3）扩大学生的商务英语词汇量。

教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《实用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：笔试总成绩=平时成绩X30％ + 考试成绩X70％课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇授课学期：2016—2017学年第一学期第1讲教学安排的说明章节题目：句子结构学时分配：2本章教学目的与要求：谓结构和句子分析基本句型课堂教学方案课题名称、句子结构授课时数：2 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导教学目的的要求：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学重点、难点：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学内容及组织安排：1主谓结构和句子分析（1）主语和谓语分句按其逻辑意义，通常分为主语和谓语两大部分。

英语在其长期发展中形成一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”的结构。

主语是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；谓语是对话题所作的说明，是说话人所要传递的信息。

试观察下列诸句：主语谓语China is a great socialist country．中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。

Marxism-Leninism is a universally applicable truth．马克思列宁主义是放之四海而皆准的真理。

The students have English lessons twice a week．学生们每星期上两堂英语课。

Hans doesn't seem to be taller than Peter．汉斯似乎并不比彼得高。

Answer to Exercise 16DThe heart, which is a muscular pump, beats 72 times a minute through a continuous and automatic process of muscular contraction and relaxation. It is about the size of a fist, weighs about 9-11 ounces and is placed snugly between the lungs, a little more to the left than to the right. A portion runs down the center of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood. Each section is again divided into upper and lower parts, the auricles and ventricles. The blood is pumped through all four chambers in turn in the course of being circulated through all parts of the body.The heart’s first purpose is to supply a steady flow of oxygen to all the body cells and to return carbon dioxide to the lungs. On its journey the blood distributes dissolved foods and carries away wastes.Two large veins pour the used blood into the first chamber, the right auricle, which passes it into the chamber below, the right ventricle. The muscle surrounding this part contracts in a beat that pushes the blood into the lungs where the carbon dioxide is removed and replaced with vital oxygen. Meanwhile, fresh scarlet blood from the lungs enters the left auricle to be transferred to the left ventricle. From there it is forced by the contracting muscle through a valve into the aorta, the body’s largest artery which distribute it all over the body.The heart beats about 100,000 times every 24 hours and pushes several quarts of blood through miles of arteries, veins and capillaries. A healthy heart keeps this up for a lifetime without faltering.。

教案新编英语语法教程章振邦本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：专业必修总学时32、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语的过程中出现语法错误。

2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。

3）扩大学生的词汇量，尤其是商务英语方面的词汇。

教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《使用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：闭卷笔试总成绩=平时成绩*30%+期末成绩*70%课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语词汇与语法授课学期：2016—2017学年第2学期第17讲教学安排的说明章节题目：助动词（一）学时分配：1本章教学目的与要求：1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法课堂教学方案课题名称、助动词（一）授课时数：1 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论教学目的要求：1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法教学重点、难点：情态意义表示法教学内容及组织安排：1、情态意义表示法情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。

情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。

Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。

Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。