2019版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Friendship达标巩固练含解析新人教版必修12018091

Unit 1 Friendship 李仕才 ***阅读理解 Pollution's serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years.Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution.So green buildings are in great need. The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources.Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there. The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind.Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度)human effects on the surrounding environment.For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风)and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction.In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment. 1．What can we know about green buildings? A．Producing no waste. B．Only using clean energy. C．Being made of new materials. D．Being environment­friendly. 2．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph? A．Large. B．Small. C．Green. D．Low. 3．What is the purpose of using green roofs? A．To fit the environment. B．To keep warm. C．To collect nature water. D．To reduce costs. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Promoting energy efficiency. B．Environmental benefits. C．Green buildings. D．Ecosystems and biodiversity. 【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。 【难句分析】For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风)and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. 分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词an area。 译文：例如，把一个建筑物放在一个使它可以利用凉爽的微风和阳光的地方，这样可以减少能源使用和费用。 1．D　考查推理判断。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。A项错在不产生垃圾，这是不科学，也是不现实的，尤其是在建筑业；B项错在只使用清洁能源，文章中提到绿色建筑利用清洁能源，但没有说只用清洁能源；C项错在绿色建筑是用新材料建造的，文章中只是提到了利用竹子等自然材料，故排除。 2．B　考查细节理解。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。 3．D　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。 4．C　考查主旨大意。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。A项错在提高能源效率，这只是绿色建筑的一个好处；B项错在环境受益，这也是绿色建筑的一个好处；D项错在生态系统和生物多样性，这只是在文章中有所提及而已，并非文章主旨，故排除。 ***语法填空 My interest in Chinese food started years ago, when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn't far from Chinatown, __1__ I found some very good Chinese restaurants. That was the first time that I __2__ (notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food. When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why __3__ has this special feature. Many years ago, China had __4__ energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to overpopulation and poor management of its forests. This __5__ (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their __6__ (value) wood, or learn how to use it better. There weren't any substitutes, so people found ways to economize. In order to economize in cooking, they had to use very little wood. So they started cutting their meat and vegetables __7__ small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way, the food cooked __8__ (fast) and they saved more fuel. The food __9__ (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor—and it's this flavor __10__ attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________ 6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国食物美味的原因。在很多年前，由于中国的木柴缺乏，人们为了节约木柴，就把食物切成小块烹饪，食物很快就熟了，而且保持了鲜美的味道。 1．where　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，设空处所填词引导定语从句，补充说明先行词Chinatown，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，表示地点，故填where。 2．had noticed　考查动词的时态。在“It/This/That be the＋序数词＋time＋that ...”句型中，若前面的be动词是一般过去时，that从句使用过去完成时，故填had noticed。 3．it　考查代词。此处it代指前面的the food，故填it。 4．an　考查冠词。表示“一”的概念时需用不定冠词，因为energy的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。句意：很多年前，中国有一次能源危机。 5．loss　考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，was是谓语部分，此处应用名词形式作主