虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

条件状语从句 主 句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have

+ 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形

例句：

（1）表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.

（2）表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.

（3）表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

1. 虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief

escape away with so much money.

Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that

time ？

2. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going

so smoothly.

3. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.

二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

（一）should类 这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：

1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.

He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of

development.

2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s

peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.

（二）过去时态类

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.

I would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：

If only I had passed the test！

If only it stopped raining！

4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：

It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.

三、虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：

Would you mind smoking here？

May you be lucky！

Long live the people of China！

God save me.

虚拟语气练习题

1．Foreign Ministry spokesman said China had made representations to Canada, requiring it

______ the reason for the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei.

A．clarify B．would clarify C．clarifies D．will clarify

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意：中国外交部发言人表示，中国已向加拿大提出交涉，要求加拿大澄清华为首席财务官孟晚舟被捕的原因。require后的宾语从句要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，其中，should可以省略，故A项正确。

【点睛】

在表示坚持、建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，要用should do的虚拟语气，其中，should 可以省略，常见的这类词有insist，suggest，order，require、demand等。

2．________the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes.

A．If he understood B．Had he understood C．When he had understood D．If he

would understood

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。had he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式，正常结构是If he had understood the problem。句意：如果他理解了这个问题，他就不会犯那些错误。

3．Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give your more help.

A．had studied B．would study C．studied D．was studying

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气中错综时间条件句。句意：也许如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学，我现就能给你更多的帮助。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。从句中有信息词then(那时)，说明从句与过去事实相反，应使用had done。故选A。

4．Nancy was very disappointed to hear the news. I wish I her about that.

A．hadn’t told B．didn’t tell C．wouldn’t tell D．can’t tell

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】