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虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

条件状语从句 主 句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have

+ 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形

例句：

（1）表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.

（2）表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.

（3）表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

1. 虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief

escape away with so much money.

Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that

time ？

2. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going

so smoothly.

3. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.

二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

（一）should类 这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：

1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.

He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of

development.

2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s

peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.

（二）过去时态类

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.

I would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：

If only I had passed the test！

If only it stopped raining！

4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：

It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.

三、虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：

Would you mind smoking here？

May you be lucky！

Long live the people of China！

God save me.

虚拟语气练习题

1．If Mrs. Brown Mary to literature in junior high school, She wouldn’t be a writer now.

A．hadn’t introduced B．didn’t introduce

C．shouldn’t introduce D．hasn’t introduced

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意：如果布朗夫人没有在初中时给玛丽介绍文学，她现在就不会成为作家了。根据in junior high school可知，从句是对过去的虚拟，所以谓语动词应该用had

done；主句的时间状语now可知，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以谓语动词应该用would+do,故选A。

【点睛】

混合虚拟语气：若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： If it had rained last night（过去），it would be

very cold today（现在）．

2．If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now.

A．wouldn’t be smiling B．couldn’t have smiled C．won’t smile D．didn’t smile

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

试题分析：考察错综条件句。本题的条件句中是与过去的事实相反，故使用过去完成时，主句是与现在的事实相反，故使用“情态动词+动词原形”；句意：如果在你摔倒的时候，我不在梯子后面扶着你，你现在就不会这样笑了。故A正确。

考点：考察虚拟语气

点评：条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。另外还要注意条件句和主句不同的时间所形成的挫折条件句。

3． If he _____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been

longing to compete in.

A．hadn’t hurt; would join in

B．hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in

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虚拟语气讲解及专项练习题

虚拟语气讲解及专项练习题

1 虚拟语气

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句 主 句

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) should /would/could/might +动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might +have done

与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be用were)

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形 would/should/cold/might + 动词原形

1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果

如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If she had time, she should go with you.

2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果

如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果

如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. (从句---用过去,主句---用现在)

5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: (1) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是)

虚拟语气练习题(含答案)

虚拟语气练习题(含答案)

虚拟语气练习题精选

强化训练：虚拟语气

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ____ all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ____ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _____ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father you _____ permission.

A. may get B. might get

C. should have called D. maybe get

5. ____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)

虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)

第 1 页 共 14 页 虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）

概念理解

虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。

一、动词的语气

语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

1.陈述语气

陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

Where there is a will, there's a way.

有志者事竟成。

Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？

How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！

2.祈使语气

祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。

Come this way, please! 请这边走。

Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？

Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。

3.虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！

知识清单

清单一、条件句中的虚拟语气

英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

虚拟语气经典练习题库(附详细解答)

虚拟语气经典练习题库(附详细解答)

虚拟语气练习题

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read B. had read

C. should have read D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.

A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be

C. have been D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak B. spoke

C. will speak D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was B. were

C. has been D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours