虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

条件状语从句 主 句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have

+ 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形

例句：

（1）表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.

（2）表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.

（3）表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

1. 虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief

escape away with so much money.

Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that

time ？

2. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going

so smoothly.

3. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.

二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

（一）should类 这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：

1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.

He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of

development.

2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s

peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.

（二）过去时态类

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.

I would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：

If only I had passed the test！

If only it stopped raining！

4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：

It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.

三、虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：

Would you mind smoking here？

May you be lucky！

Long live the people of China！

God save me.

虚拟语气练习题

1．If he more careful, he would have got much better results in the finals.

A．had been B．was

C．has been D．were

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他更仔细些，他会在期末考试中得到更好的成绩。根据句意和主句中的谓语动词would have got可推断，空格处所在句子表示与过去相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。故选A。

2．_______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about computer games, I would be

sitting in a comfortable office now.

A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted

C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。

3．He is not native; if he were, we ______ this discussion over his identity.

A．would not be having B．are not having

C．had not had D．will not have

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本题考查的if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，if从句中使用过去时(be动词用were),主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；句意：他不是本地人。如果他是本地人，我们就不会讨论他的身份了。故A正确。

考点：考查虚拟语气

点评：在条件句的虚拟语气中，如果与现在事实相反，主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”，从句中使用过去时；如果与过去相反，主句中使用“情态动词+have done”,从句中使用过去完成时。

4．________ you happen to see Mary, would you please ask her to come here?

A．Would B．Could C．Should D．Might

【答案】C 【解析】

【详解】

试题分析：句意: 如果你碰巧遇到Kate ,请你叫她来这里一下好吗？在if条件句中，如果有should,were或had,可以省略if,把should,were或had提前。故选C。

考点：考查情态动词表虚拟。

5．If George had followed his father’s advice， he ________ a lawyer now．

A．is B．would be

C．has been D．would have been

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气。如果George听从了他父亲的建议，他现在将是一名律师了。虚拟时需将句子时态在原基础上往前推一个，例从句中与过去事实不符，用了过去完成时。而主句中由提示词now，说明与现在事实不符，需变成过去将来时，故选B

6．In this company, it is required that anyone who ______ recently come here _____ this kind of

test.

A．has; has B．has; have