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1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.A. was distressed（悲痛）B. was distributed（分散，分布）C. was defeated（击败，战胜）D. was diminished（使减少，减小）译文：全国哀悼他们的总统约翰·肯尼迪的逝世。
2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.A. countered（）B. conflicted（冲突，矛盾）C. corresponded（符合，一致）D. contested（争辩，质疑）译文：中央政府在工业计划上与市议会发生冲突。
3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.A. originates（发源，发生）B. suffers（经历，遭受）C. vanishes（小时）D. transmits（传输，发射）译文：老师对学生有一种潜移默化的影响。
4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for theirfavorite movie stars.A. delusion（迷惑；欺骗；错觉）B. passion（激情，热情；酷爱）C. miracle（奇迹；惊人的事）D. inflation（膨胀；夸张；自命不凡）译文：在新闻发布会上，这些疯狂的青少年充分展示了他们对喜爱的电影明星的迷恋。
5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.A. spiritual（精神的；心灵的）B. earthly（尘世的；地球的）C. holy（神圣的）D. secular（世俗的）译文：寺庙、清真寺、教堂和犹太教堂都是神圣的建筑。
Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
Lesson 1II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences . 1. 1. There There There has has has been been been much much much opposition opposition opposition from from from some some some social social social groups, groups, groups, ______ ______ ______ from from from the the the farming farming community. A. straightforwardly B. notably C. virtually D. exceptionally 2. 2. The The The ______ ______ ______ view view view in in in Britain Britain Britain and and and other other other Western Western Western countries countries countries associates associates associates aging aging aging with with with decline, decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty. A. predominant B. credulous C. inclusive D. sustainable 3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward àrewarding A. tough B. demanding C. diverse D. benign 4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant. A. prejudice B. verification C. verdict D . punishment 5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets. A. sizeable B. adverse(negative) C. beneficial D. consequential 6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off. A. engage B. pursue C. abandon/ abundant D. invoke 7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government. A. regimeB. hegemony C. complex D. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate) 8. 8. These These These questions questions questions ______ ______ ______ a a a challenge challenge challenge to to to established established established attitude attitude attitude of of of superiority superiority superiority toward toward toward the the outside world. A. evolve B. constitute C. tolerate D. aroused 9. 9. Because Because Because of of of this, this, this, a a a strong strong strong administrative administrative administrative ______ ______ ______ was was was needed needed needed to to to plan plan plan the the the use use use of of of scarce scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution. A. apparatus B. constitution C. insistence D. promotion 10. 10. I I I learnt learnt learnt that that that there there there are are are no no no genuinely genuinely genuinely ______ ______ ______ animals animals animals in in in this this this area, area, area, all all all the the the animals animals animals were were brought here from other places. A. endangered B. domesticated C. indigenous D. extinct Lesson 6II. V ocabulary A. Read the following sentences and decide winch of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word. 1. I advocate (vt./n.) a (whole->) holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner (way). A. complicated B. unavoidable C. customary D. incomprehensible 2. The (Rome-> romance) romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as (=and) a love of the picturesque and sublime nature. A. immense B. fascinating (attractive) C. magnificent (great/ noble) D. enchanting (attractive) 3. One important feature (property/ character; feature story 专题报道) of the period was the growth (development) of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise (heaven). A. sponsors(vt./n.) B. supporters B. supporters C. advocators C. advocators D. (advise->advice) advisors 4. 4. As As As censorship censorship censorship was was was extremely extremely extremely strict strict strict in in in that that that period, period, period, little little little authentic authentic authentic news news news came came came out out out of of of the the country (Churchill: iron-curtain country). A. negative B. (astro-/ aster-:星象) disastrous C. official(a./n.) D. reliable 5. If a block of wood is completely immersed in water, the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood. A. dipped B. pressed C. forced D. pushed 6. According to Zhuangzi, a Daoist (道家) philosopher of the late 4th century B.C., through mystical mystical (unite->) (unite->) (unite->) union union union with with with the the the Dao Dao Dao the the the individual individual individual could could could transcend transcend transcend nature nature nature and and and even even even life life life and and death. A. dissolve(->solvent) B. upraise (bring up) C. surpass D. depress (->suppress) 7. As (when) economic growth ground to a halt (stop), the local populations grew (became) more and more disaffected. A. indifferent B. resentful C. unvalued D. (dignity->)indignant (->angry) 8. (capital penalty 死刑) Capitalism was beset (be troubled) by (circle->)cycles (->recycle) of "boom and bust", periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse [->collapsible] and waves of unemployment. [beheaded= killed] A. failure B. transition C. (lose->lost->)loss D. depression [the Great Depression] 9. 9. At At that that time time time (=then), (=then), (=then), life life was was nearly nearly nearly as as as taxing taxing taxing (burdensome/ (burdensome/ (burdensome/ tiring) tiring) tiring) for for for all-black all-black bands: black black musicians musicians musicians were were were required required required to use kitchen to use kitchen (restaurant) (restaurant) entrances entrances entrances and and and service service service elevators elevators elevators (=lift; (=lift; escalator), which forced them to confront the ugly realities of racial discrimination. [Hard Times] A. miserable B. hard (=difficult) C . unbearable C. unbearable D. harsh(=severe) 10. 10. Modern Modern Modern and and and implicit implicit implicit (<->explicit) (<->explicit) (<->explicit) censorship censorship censorship has has has nothing nothing nothing like like like the the the power power power of of of the the the old old system and contrary opinion is never entirely stifled. A. released B. arrested C. retarded (->retardant) D. prohibited [pro-: (1)officially; (2)forward] Lesson 8II. VocabularyA Read the .sentences following .sentences and and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word . 1. The company began aggressive advertising campaigns, increased its variety (categories) of beers, and further expanded its markets. By 1991 Coors beer was available (=on sale) in all 50 states. It also worked to improve its image and quell （制止, 结束, 镇压）ongoing (ever-lasting) boycotts. A. investigate B. condemn C. crush D. forbid 2. With his strong right-wing views, and close affiliation （联系，隶属）（联系，隶属） to the military, he'd long been regarded as a (swear) sworn enemy of the people. A. emotion B. association C. communication D. reaction 3. 3. Adams Adams Adams supported supported supported what what what became became became known known known as as as the the the Boston Boston Boston tea tea tea party, party, party, and and thereafter thereafter he he he firmly firmly supported the patriotic （爱国的）（爱国的）measures that led step by step to American independence. A. passionate B. moderate C. radical D. nationalistic 4. The best hope is that we will have a rapid mobilization （动员） of international opinion in support of the movement. A. calling up B. bringing up C. catching up (with) D. getting up 5. When he was there (be present), he often gave food and coins to the destitute （贫苦的）children who lived on the street. A. deserted B. poor C. homeless D. despaired (->desperate: adj.) 6. Combining social commentary with rhythmic lyrics(词), heavy bass beats, and remixed or original melodies, rap is one of the most controversial of black musical forms. A. words B. music C. band D. dance 7. The history of newspapers, magazines, and other publications in the country has varied, depending upon the level of censorship(书报审查制度) in the ruling government. A. support B. sponsor C. control D. restoration 8. The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration. A. secret B. not broadcasted C . publicized C. publicized D. not known 9. He took out a court injunction (法令，判决) against the newspaper demanding the return of the document. A. sentence (sb. to death) B. bias C. suspension (bridge) D. order 10. 10. A A A great great great cheer cheer cheer went went went up up up from from from the the the crowd crowd crowd as as as (=when) (=when) (=when) they they they caught caught caught sight sight sight of of of (noticed) (noticed) (noticed) their their idol(偶像). A. figure B. idea C. hero D. foe(敌人敌人) 。
Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
Lesson 1World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farmingcommunity.A. straightforwardly(直接地)B. notably（显著地，尤其）C. virtually（事实上）D. exceptionally（例外地）译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant（占支配地位的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. inclusive（包含的）D. sustainable（可持续的）译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.A. tough（困难的）B. demanding（苛求的）C. diverse（不同的）D. benign（有利的；善良的）译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice（偏见）B. verification（政审）C. verdict（判断；裁决）D. punishment（惩罚）译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
Lesson 11. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx.There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a conditionparallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
Unit OneWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farmingcommunity.A. straightforwardly(直接地)B. notably（显著地，尤其）C. virtually（事实上）D. exceptionally（例外地）译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant（占支配地位的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. inclusive（包含的）D. sustainable（可持续的）译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.A. tough（困难的）B. demanding（苛求的）C. diverse（不同的）D. benign（有利的；善良的）译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice（偏见）B. verification（政审）C. verdict（判断；裁决）D. punishment（惩罚）译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
1. Would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement ofthe fight?A. boarding(上飞机，船等)B. landing（降落，着陆）C. take-off（起飞）D. check-in（办理登机手续）译文：乘客请在飞机起飞前关掉电子设备好吗?2. My father appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century very much.A. ideology（思想意识）B. artistry（艺术）C. philosophy（哲学）D. handwriting（书法）译文：我父亲非常欣赏18世纪的书法。
3. At first the president threatened to dismiss me, but later he relented.A. softened（使温和）B. regretted（后悔；遗憾）C. withdrew（撤销；收回）D. altered（改变）译文：起初总统威胁要解雇我，但后来他软化了态度。
4. My grandma is so naive as to believe everything she reads.A. ignorant（无知的，愚昧的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. amiable（和蔼可亲的）D. vulnerable（易受伤害的）译文：我奶奶太天真了，她什么都相信。
5. The intuition of the language is a must for a competent translator.A. master（硕士；主人；大师）B. inspiration（灵感）C. familiarity（熟悉）D. sense（感觉）译文：对于一个称职的翻译来说，语言的直觉是必不可少的。
1. I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner.A. complicated（复杂的；难懂的）B. unavoidable（不可避免的）C. customary（迷人的）D. incomprehensible（难以理解的）译文：我主张应全面认识到，生物学和文化以一种不可分割的方式相互渗透。
2. The romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as a love of the picturesque and sublime nature.A. immense（巨大的）B. fascinating（吸引人的）C. magnificent（壮丽的，华丽的）D. enchanting（迷人的；妩媚的）译文：浪漫主义的绘画运动带来了对神秘的品味，以及对风景如画和崇高自然的热爱。
3. One important feature of the period was the growth of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.A. sponsors（赞助者）B. supporters（支持者）C. advocators（倡导者）D. advisors（建议者）译文：这一时期的一个重要特征是佛教的发展。
它的信徒尊敬佛陀是为了在他的天堂重生。
4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic news came out ofthe country.A. negative（消极的）B. disastrous（灾难性的）C. official（官方的）D. reliable（可靠的；可信赖的）译文：由于当时的审查制度极其严格，几乎没有真正的新闻流出中国。
1. The company began aggressive advertising campaigns, increased its variety of beers, and further expanded its markets. By 1991 Coors beer was available in all50 states. It also worked to improve its image and quell ongoing boycotts.A. investigate（调查，研究）B. condemn（谴责；定罪；声讨）C. crush（镇压；压碎）D. forbid（禁止）译文：该公司开始了积极的广告活动，增加了啤酒的种类，并进一步扩大了市场。
到1991年，柯尔斯啤酒在全美50个州都有售。
它还努力改善自己的形象，平息持续不断的抵制。
2. With his strong right-wing views, and close affiliation to the military, he'd long been regarded as a sworn enemy of the people.A. emotion（感情，情绪）B. association（协会，联盟）C. communication（交流）D. reaction（反应）译文：他有着强烈的右翼观点，与军方关系密切，长期以来一直被视为人民的死敌。
3. Adams supported what became known as the Boston tea party, and thereafter he firmly supported the patriotic measures that led step by step to American independence.A. passionate（热情的）B. moderate（稳健的；温和的）C. radical（激进的）D. nationalistic（国家主义的）译文：亚当斯支持后来被称为波士顿茶党(Boston tea party)的组织，此后他坚定地支持爱国主义措施，这些措施一步一步地导致美国独立。
Lesson 1 World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farmingcommunity.A. straightforwardly(直接地)B. notably（显著地，尤其）C. virtually（事实上）D. exceptionally（例外地）译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant（占支配地位的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. inclusive（包含的）D. sustainable（可持续的）译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.A. tough（困难的）B. demanding（苛求的）C. diverse（不同的）D. benign（有利的；善良的）译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice（偏见）B. verification（政审）C. verdict（判断；裁决）D. punishment（惩罚）译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.A. trust（信任）B. request（请求；需要）C. examination（考试）D. question（问题；疑问）译文：虽然他已经道歉了，她还是对他的诚意提出了质疑。
2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack.A. strict（严格的；绝对的；精确的）B. loose（宽松的；不精确的）C. serious（严肃的；认真的）D. uncontrollable（无法管控的）译文：布朗先生班上的纪律变得很松弛。
3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him.A. malicious（恶毒的）B. lethal（致命的）C. footy（无足轻重的）D. gentle（温和，文雅的）译文：我们不敢相信这个笑话是对他的恶毒攻击。
4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people.A. scornful（轻蔑的）B. humorous（幽默的）C. contented（满足的，心安的）D. ironical（讽刺的）译文：胜利者自满的微笑惹恼了一些人。
5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit-the family.A. task（任务；工作）B. improvement（提高；改进）C. measure（措施；测量）D. change（改变）译文：这种转变必须从最基本的社会单元——家庭开始。
6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be putinto practice in California next school year.A. Primary（首要的）B. Eiementary（基本的；初级的）C. Higher（更高的，较高的）D. Graduate（毕业的）译文：明年，加州将实行私立高等教育和职业教育认证制度。
