下载文档原格式
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校话题语篇专攻练17科普发明(二)(建议用时35分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解AWhether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, b ut with us, ”said Breazeal. 【文章大意】社交机器人在未来的几年里会变得越来越普遍, 给人们生活带来很大变化。
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
科普说明文是高考英语阅读理解的一种常见体裁，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力，近几年全国卷和各地自主命题卷均涉及到这类文章。
因此，准确把握此类文章的选材、命题特点、掌握相应的阅读策略与解题技巧对于考生备战高考非常重要。
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点高考英语阅读理解科普类文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。
文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。
如北京卷阅读理解C篇介绍了一种能降解塑料的虫子，探索解决塑料污染新途径，天津卷C篇介绍3D打印技术在食品生产上的运用等。
这些文章和题目不仅能让考生体会到科学的无限趣味和实际功用，而且促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用。
科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。
文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。
标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。
导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。
背景则交代研究的起因或者问题现状。
主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。
从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解六种命题类型都有所体现。
命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。
二、阅读策略和解题技巧任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由语篇特点和试题本身的要求决定的，考生应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
阅读7选5--科技与创新距离高考还距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
七选五【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）】You’ve probably heard of a hybrid(杂交物种)in films or books. The centaurs in the Harry Potter films are hybrids of human and horse. ____16____Hybridization occurs in both plants and animals. ____17____ What’s more, many plants that people eat, from strawberries to carrots, corn and potatoes, have been created by hybridization.Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimes occurs when animals’ normal territory ov erlaps(部分重叠). ____18____ The grolar bear is a hybrid that happens when grizzly and polar bears mate. As the environment warms, grizzlies in Alaska and Canada wander further north, bringing them into contact with polar bears.Artificial mixing often happen s in zoos, where different species that don’t normally meet in the wild can be introduced to each other. Ligers(lion and tiger hybrids)are unlikely to occur in nature, because the only place that their habitats overlap is the Gir Forest in India. ____19____ Mixed species are more likely to be born with health issues than other animals. Most hybrids born in zoos are infertile, which means they are unable to have babies. However, many cross-breeds born in the wild, like the grolar bear, can have their own babies.____20____ “It’s part of the evolutionary process,” he says. Fertile hybrids can lead to the creation of a new species and increase the variety of living things.A．Wildlife conservation is of significance.B．Did you know hybridization is a biological process?C．That’s due to habitat destruction or changing climate.D．Did you know that hybrids appear in the natural world, too?E．Jimmy believes species hybridization in nature is a good thing.F．Many conservationists think that creating hybrids is a bad thing.G．Living things, especially plants, will naturally hybridize in the wild.【答案】16．D 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．E【文章大意】本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然。
