2013年考研英语语法难点精析：名词作定语的情况

名词作定语应注意的五个方面一. 通常用单数名词作定语cotton goods棉织品 inquiry office问事处history teacher 历史老师 paper factory 纸厂telephone number 电话号码 test paper考卷weather forecast天气预报 welcome speech欢迎辞All difficulties are also paper tigers. 一切困难也都是纸老虎。

He is one of the most successful newspaper writers in the city. 他是市里最成功的记者之一。

【说明】“数词+名词”作定语时，其中的名词也要用单数形式。

如：He has an 11-year-old daughter. 他有一个11岁的女儿。

I was told to write a 5000-word article in an hour. 要我在1小时内写一篇5000字的文章。

二. 有时用复数名词作定语(1) man, woman用于名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。

如 a woman writer / some women writers(女作家)。

注意：用man 和 woman 不同，boy 和 girl用作定语时，总是用单数。

如 boy (girl) friends 男(女)朋友。

(2) 有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式，或者用于某一意义时，习惯上要用复数形式，此时它们用作定语显然只能用复数。

如goods train(货车)，customs officer(海关人员)，clothes line(凉衣绳)，sales plan(销售计划)，等。

(3) 名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的比较：名词作定语主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性别、用途、功能、内容等，而名词所有格作定语则主要表示事物间的关系(如所属关系，主谓关系，动宾关系等)。

目录考研英语试题语法难点精析(17) (1)语法难点精析之一：虚拟语气 (1)语法难点精析之二：非谓语动词 (10)语法难点精析之三：被分隔的定语从句 (19)语法难点精析之四：besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别 (20)语法难点精析之五：含义因有无冠词而迥异的短语 (21)语法难点精析之六：用to do还是of doing作后置定语 (22)语法难点精析之七：与-ly副词同义的介词短语 (22)语法难点精析之八：以f(e)结尾名词的复数形式 (23)语法难点精析之九：需要用名词复数的短语 (24)语法难点精析之十：集体名词的类与群 (25)语法难点精析之十一：名词作定语的情况 (26)语法难点精析之十二：no more(...)than与not more(...)than 的用法 (27)语法难点精析之十三：rather than,more...than,other than的用法 (28)语法难点精析之十四：alive、live、living和lively的用法 (28)语法难点精析之十六：too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况 (29)语法难点精析之十七：every表示”每隔“的用法 (30)考研英语试题语法难点精析语法难点精析之一：虚拟语气虚拟语气的重点是：1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。

2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、的建议、的命令、的提议、的意愿等的主语从句、的宾语从句、的表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。

3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、的事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。

4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。

上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、的虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。

[初中-英语]英语名词知识点：名词作定语形式及特点给广大考生整理了历年初中英语名词知识点：名词作定语形式及特点相关内容，供广大考生参考，希望大家能够取得优异的成绩!作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。

作定语的名词有以下三种形式：A.一般用单数形式。

a stone bridge 石桥a meeting room 会议室morning exercise 早操London Airport 伦敦机场a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店B. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。

a woman teacher 一位女教师two women teachers 两位女教师C. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。

a sports meet 运动会a goods train 货车customs house 海关a sales manager 营业主任现从四个方面来讨论名词定语的特点：一、名词定语的语法作用1.代替作定语用的介词短语。

a garden chair=a chair in the gardenCanada wheat=wheat from Canadasafety regulations=regulations for safetymachine shop practice=practice in a machine shop2.名词定语代替形容词或分词作定语。

race problem→racial problemChina cotton→Chinese cottonlaunch pad→launching padresearch worker→researching worker在以上词例中，使用名词与使用形容词或分词并没有什么区别。

3.代替带's的所有格定语--在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格，但是这个名词是专有名词。

考研英语短语作定语四类情况如何译要提升翻译技能就要熟悉语法，还要掌握不同类型的句式的译法。

定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

英语的实词、短语及从句都可以作定语。

下面，小编为大家详细介绍翻译中短语作定语的几种情况。

1. 分词短语作定语2. 介词短语作定语3. 形容词、不定式短语作定语在翻译中，短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前，接下来具体举例说明其考查方式及翻译方法。

1.ing现在分词作定语2000 75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements ---------themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.ing现在分词作定语1) 在哪里划线断句?2) 这句话中ing现在分词作定语在哪?放在哪个中心词前面翻译?翻译：额外的社会压力也可能会产生由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动所引起的各种问题。

如今，现代交通工具使得大量人口流动变得相对容易。

1998 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures ,and may report their findings soon.中小学辅导网wangxiao.so/提示您:翻译：用在南极的路基探测器和气球携载仪器来工作的天体物理学家，正在越来越近的观察这样一些结构，不久就会报告他们的发现成果。

2.Ved过去分词短语作定语2003 63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.翻译：强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用的跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

名词作定语作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。

作定语的名词有以下三种形式：A.一般用单数形式。

a stone bridge 石桥a meeting room 会议室morning exercise 早操London Airport 伦敦机场a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店B. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。

a woman teacher 一位女教师two women teachers 两位女教师C. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。

a sports meet 运动会a goods train 货车customs house 海关a sales manager 营业主任现从四个方面来讨论名词定语的特点：一、名词定语的语法作用1．代替作定语用的介词短语。

a garden chair=a chair in the gardenCanada wheat=wheat from Canadasafety regulations=regulations for safetymachine shop practice=practice in a machine shop2．名词定语代替形容词或分词作定语。

race problem→racial problemChina cotton→Chinese c ottonlaunch pad→launching padresearch worker→researching worker在以上词例中，使用名词与使用形容词或分词并没有什么区别。

3．代替带's的所有格定语——在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格，但是这个名词是专有名词。

the Tom composition=Tom's composition the Carter grin=Carter's grin 4．代替定语从句。

名词作定语的五个特点_名词一、名词作定语的基本原则名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。

如：a stone bridge 石桥(不能说a stones bridge)a meeting room 会议室(不能说a meetings room) morning exercise 早操(不能说a mornings exercise)a story book 故事书(不能说a stories book)a coffee cup 咖啡杯(不能说a coffees cup)a baby girl 女婴(不能说a babies girl)a school gate 校门(不能说a schools gate)eye drops眼药水(不能说eyes drops)test paper考卷(不能说tests paper)book report读书报告(不能说books report)train station火车站(不能说trains station)plane ticket机票(不能说plane tickets)pocket money零花钱（不能说pockets money）generation gap代沟（不能说generations gap）二、用复数名词作定语的四种情形1. 有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语：goods train 货车clothes shop 服装店an arts degree文科学位customs officer海关人员2. 有些习惯上通常要用复数的名词也习惯上用复数。

如：sports car 跑车savings bank储蓄银行3. 当man, woman用于名词前作定语，表示性别时，若被修饰的名词为复数，则man, woman也要用复数。

如：men nurse 男护士women doctor 女医生4. 有时复数名词作定语可视为复数名词所有格作定语的省略形式。

如：a teachers college 师范学院(teachers等于teachers’)one trousers pockets 裤兜(trousers等于trousers’)eight hours sleep 八个小时睡眠(hours等于hours’)a three weeks training 三周训练(weeks等于weeks’)注：eight hours sleep 之类的说法，既可表达为eight hours’ sleep，也可表达为an eight-hour sleep。

【语法难点精析之用to do还是of doing作后置定语】不同的名词,对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的,有的只能用to do,有的只可用of doing,有的两种都可以.现分述如下:⑴will, willingness, suggestion, conclusion, decision, permission, agreement, refusal, determination, proposal, resolution等,一般用不定式作后置定语.如:Mary has the will to win the first prize.(不用of winning)玛丽有获得一等奖的决心.He has drawn a conclusion to go abroad with his family.(不用of winning)他已作出了携家去国外的决定.⑵hope, risk, possibility, impossibility, probability, intention, prospect, responsibility, aim等,一般只能用of doing作后置定语.如:In fact, there is no hope of their winning the game.事实上,他们没有希望赢得这场比赛.(不能说for them to win)He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child.他将冒生命危险去救那个孩子.⑶way, chance, need, necessity, right, freedom, power, opportunity, ability等,既可用不定式短语,又可用of doing短语作后置定语.如:Their chance to go(of going) abroad was lost.他们失去了出国的机会.He has the right to do (of doing) that.他有权那样做.强化训练16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzed17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was18. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now.A. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.A. were circlingB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.A. wentB. have goneC. could goD. could have gone22. I wish I with her.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were23. I wish that I the concert last night.A. couldB. have attendedC. could have attendedD. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone25. “I wish you me to put these things away,” he said.A. will helpB. helpC. are helpingD. would help26. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occurB. had not occurredC. was not occurringD. be circling27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the proceedings .A. if he didn’t get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadn’t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.A. had beenB. has beenC. wereD. was32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. liftedD. could lift34. He described the town as if he it himself.A. had seenB. has seenC. sawD. sees35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.A. wokeB. wakesC. would wakeD. had woke36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims untilthey investigate the situation.A. doB. don’tC. didn’tD. didn’t do37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.A. hadn’tB. didn’t have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have38. It is important that the TOEFL office your registration.A. will confirmB. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm39. Without electro nic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .A. may haveB. will haveC. would haveD. might have41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ______all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. hasB. will haveC. should haveD. must have43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come44. I must say he reads ver y well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.A. had taken upB. takes upC. have taken upD. would have taken up45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told46. I hadn’t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .A. him t call me upB. him calling me upC. that he would call me upD. that he will call me47. I had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.A. will becomeB. becameC. would becomeD. becomes49. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn’t doC. don’tD. didn’t50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.A. that you won’t speakB. you not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn’t speak51. It’s high time they this road.A. mendB. mendedC. must have mendedD. will mend52. It’s about time peopl e______ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we the class.A. shall startB. would startC. had startedD. start54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for55. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receivedB. ought to have receivedC. couldn’t have receivedD. shouldn’t have received56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.A. cameB. would comeC. would have comeD. should be coming57. He’s working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century.A. have been postponedB. has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the childpsychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. wereC. beD. would be61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother, in New York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he staysD. asks he stay62. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited63. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devoted to答案与详解1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。

代词的处理方法内容比较简单的文章它会使用很多的代词，比较复杂的文章难懂的文章使用代词比较少。

代词在句子当中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语四大句子成分。

代词在种类上分成六大类：人称代词、物称代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词。

（1）人称代词处理原则：人称代词出现在句首的时候，要求大家一定在文章里边找出他具体的对象，名词到底解释谁而且要把代词翻译成名词，如果人称代词在句子的中间或者末尾的地方，而且同时指代对象，我们一般可以把他译成人称。

如果划线部分有很多个名词，而且指代并不十分明确的时候，我们代词可以分为名词。

当我们把翻译，翻译成代词表达非常清楚的时候把它译成代词，表达不清楚的时候译成名词。

例：But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

（2）物称代词物称代词放在句首的时候有两种情况：一种是可以或者要求我们找到名词来代替它，另一种是找不到名词可以代替它或者是要说清楚这个代词是什么，没办法代出代词。

如果这个物称代词放在句中或者句末的时候要根据句子情况的翻译来表达，关键是要清除。

例：This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

十分钟搞定考研英语语法：定语摘要：考研英语中语法也占有相当一部分的比例，每年都有相当一部分同学痛苦英语语法应该怎么复习，下面带大家复习一下英语语法中的定语部分。

定语中的定的含义就是修饰、限定，用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

同学们头脑中的定语主要是形容词，但是除了形容词外还有其他的词或者短语以及句子都能够用来起修饰作用。

定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。

在汉语中，中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词的，因此能够判断一个成分作定语的标志就是能够翻译为的。

对于什么成分可以用来作定语我们也可以像分析主语一样，同样从三个方面入手：词、短语、句子。

▶词作定语其中第一类是同学们都熟悉的形容词。

例如prettygirl中的pretty，largeanimals中的large等等。

这样的词语很容易辨析。

第二类是名词，但是这些词语已经约定俗成的被当成了一个名词，其实他们之间也是有修饰关系的，比如hairstyle这个名词，其中hair 实际上是用来修饰style的，翻译成头发的样式。

第三类是代词，如my，your，等等翻译成我的你的实际上也可以作定语。

第四类是数词，比如afiveyearoldboy中的fiveyearsold便是数词做定语修饰boy。

▶短语作定语分为三类：第一类，形容词短语作定语，例如peasantsbusygettingincrops，在这个句子当中busygettingincrops 作定语修饰peasants，翻译成正在收粮食的农民。

而这个短语是有busy引导的形容词短语，因此形容词短语也可以作定语。

第二类是介词短语。

举一个同学们常见的例子，比如说你是某某大学的学生，翻译成英语是IamastudentofXXuniversity.在这个句子中，ofXXuniversity作定语修饰student。

第三类是非谓语动词，也就是todo、doing、done。

比如theabilitytoworkoutproblems中的toworkoutproblems就是作定语修饰ability，翻译成解决问题的能力。