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国际贸易操作流程国际贸易是不同国家之间进行商品和服务交换的过程。
在进行国际贸易时，有一系列的操作流程需要遵循，从寻找市场、洽谈合同到支付和交货等等。
下面是一份关于国际贸易操作流程的详细说明，来帮助读者了解国际贸易的运作过程。
第一步：市场调研与目标市场选择在进行国际贸易前，首先需要进行市场调研，了解目标市场的需求和潜在的机会。
这包括了解该市场的商品需求、价格水平、法律和政府政策等因素。
通过市场调研，选择适合自己产品的目标市场。
第二步：寻找供应商或买家第三步：洽谈合同一旦确定了供应商或买家，就需要与其进行合同洽谈。
合同应包括商品或服务的详细描述、价格、交货条件、质量保证、付款方式等条款。
在这个过程中，双方还需要商讨清楚双方权责和争议解决的机制。
第四步：订立合同达成一致后，双方可以根据洽谈好的条款订立正式合同。
合同可以是书面的或口头的，但最好是书面形式以便于证明和强制执行。
此外，为了减少风险，双方可以选择使用国际商会（ICC）的国际贸易术语（Incoterms）。
第五步：货物生产和准备合同签订后，买方通常会支付预付款。
供应商根据合同要求开始生产，并准备货物出运所需的文件，如出口许可证、商业发票、装箱单、提单等。
第六步：支付和结算支付和结算是国际贸易中关键的环节。
买卖双方可以选择不同的付款方式，如信用证、托收、电汇、信用状等。
无论采用何种付款方式，都要确保支付和结算的安全性和及时性。
第七步：货物运输和交货根据合同的装运条件，货物将被装箱并安排运输。
出口商需要确保货物能够按时、安全地运送到目的地，并提供相应的运输文件。
收货方要对货物进行验收，确保符合合同要求。
第八步：报关和清关一旦货物到达目的地国家，买方需要进行报关和清关手续，以便将货物正式引入国内市场。
这可能涉及支付进口关税、办理进口许可证、进行产品检验等。
第九步：销售和售后服务一旦货物通过清关手续，买方可以销售货物，并提供售后服务。
销售和售后服务的好坏将影响到买方对于供应商的评价和以后的合作。
外贸工作流程英文介绍模板概述The international trade process involves various steps that need to be carefully managed to ensure smooth transactions between parties. This template provides an outline of the standard workflow in the field of international trade.1. Market ResearchBefore engaging in any international trade activities, thorough market research is crucial. This step involves identifying potential markets, analyzing competitors, and understanding the demand and supply dynamics in the target market.2. Partner IdentificationOnce the market research is completed, the next step is to identify potential partners for trade. This includes finding reliable suppliers or distributors who can meet your business needs and align with your goals.3. Negotiation and AgreementNegotiation plays a crucial role in international trade. This step involves discussing terms and conditions, pricing, payment terms, and other aspects of the trade agreement. It is important to ensure that all parties are in agreement before moving forward.4. Contract FinalizationAfter successful negotiation, the next step is to finalize the contract. This involves drafting a detailed agreement that outlines the rights and responsibilities of each party, as well as the terms and conditions of the trade.5. Logistics and ShippingOnce the contract is signed, the logistics and shipping process begins. This involves arranging for the transportation of goods, handling customs clearance, and ensuring that the products reach their destination in a timely manner.6. Payment and SettlementPayment is a crucial aspect of international trade. This step involves ensuring that the payment terms agreed upon in the contract are met, and that the funds are transferred securely between parties.7. Quality Control and FeedbackAfter the goods are delivered, quality control measures should be implemented to ensure that the products meet the required standards. Feedback from customers and partners should also be collected to improve future trade activities.ConclusionThe international trade process is complex and requires careful planning and execution. By following the steps outlined in this template, businesses can streamline their trade activities and ensure successful transactions with partners around the world.。
外贸流程实用英语International Trade Process1. Market Research:2. Supplier/Vendor Identification:Once a market has been identified, the next step is to identify suitable suppliers or vendors. This involves evaluating potential partners based on factors such as product quality, price, reputation, and delivery capabilities. Establishing strong relationships with reliable suppliers/vendors isessential to ensure a steady supply of goods and maintain customer satisfaction.3. Negotiation and Contracting:4. Logistics and Transportation:5. Customs Clearance:6. Payment and Financing:Payment is an essential aspect of international trade. Businesses need to decide on the most suitable payment method, such as letters of credit, bank transfers, or open account arrangements. They also need to consider currency exchange rates and manage potential risks, such as non-payment or currency fluctuations. Additionally, financing options such as exportcredit insurance or factoring can provide businesses with the necessary funds to support their international trade activities.7. Quality Control and Inspection:Maintaining product quality is crucial for businesses engaged in international trade. Quality control measures, such as product inspections and certifications, help ensure that goods meet the required standards and specifications. This not only helps build customer trust but also minimizes the risk of product recalls or disputes.8. Distribution and After-sales Support:Once goods reach their destination, businesses need to establish efficient distribution channels to reach their customers. This involves working with local distributors or retailers to promote and sell products. Additionally, providing after-sales support, such as warranty services or technical assistance, helps enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.10. Market Analysis and Evaluation:Regularly analyzing market trends and evaluating the performance of international trade activities is crucial for businesses. This helps identify areas for improvement, capitalize on market opportunities, and make informed business decisions. Collecting and analyzing data related to sales,customer feedback, and market developments provides valuable insights to enhance international trade strategies.。
整套国际贸易操作流程国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务的交流和交易活动。
它涉及到多个环节和流程，包括市场调研、采购、运输、支付等等。
下面将介绍一个完整的国际贸易操作流程。
一、市场调研：国际贸易操作的第一步是进行市场调研。
这一步包括了对目标国家市场的了解和分析，包括市场需求、竞争对手、规模等。
目的是确定市场潜力和优势。
二、产品定位：在市场调研的基础上，需要确定要推向目标市场的具体产品及其定位。
这一步包括了产品的特点、特色、定价、市场渠道等。
三、寻找供应商：国际贸易通常需要找到相应的供应商。
这一步需要调研国内外供应商的资质、信誉以及产品质量等，并与供应商进行洽谈和谈判。
四、采购与生产：在确定了供应商之后，接下来是开始采购和生产。
这一步包括与供应商签订合同、制定采购计划、进行生产等。
五、质检：在产品生产完成后，需要进行质量检验，确保产品符合国际贸易标准和目标国家的质量规定。
质检包括外观、功能、安全等方面的检验。
七、报关：国际贸易涉及到跨国关税和贸易壁垒，因此需要进行报关手续。
这一步包括了准备和提交进出口申报材料、支付关税等。
八、物流运输：在完成报关手续后，需要安排货物的物流运输。
这一步包括了货物的装载、运输工具的选择、运输路线的安排等。
九、支付与结算：在货物运输的过程中，需要进行支付和结算。
这一步包括了与买家和卖家之间的支付方式、货币种类以及支付周期等的协商。
十、市场推广：在货物运达目标市场后，需要进行市场推广。
这一步包括了产品宣传、广告、渠道选择等，以促进销售和增加知名度。
十一、售后服务：国际贸易并不仅仅是交易商品，还涉及到售后服务。
这一步包括了对客户的问题进行解答、产品维修和退换货等。
以上是一个完整的国际贸易操作流程。
当然，不同的贸易项目和企业可能会有所不同，但是总体上可以按照以上流程进行操作。
这些流程有助于提高国际贸易的效率和质量，从而实现双方的共赢。
IntroductionInternational trade, the backbone of global economic growth and interconnectedness, is a complex process involving multiple stakeholders, intricate regulations, and diverse procedures. Ensuring high-quality standards and seamless execution is crucial for businesses engaging in cross-border transactions. This comprehensive overview delves into the multifaceted steps involved in the high-quality and standardized process of international trade, providing a detailed, step-by-step analysis from various perspectives.1. **Market Research and Target Identification** (300 words)The first step in any successful international trade venture is thorough market research to identify potential target markets, assess demand, and understand consumer preferences. This includes:- **Market Analysis:** Investigating macroeconomic indicators, industry trends, and market size to gauge the overall business climate and growth potential.- **Competitive Landscape Evaluation:** Analyzing key competitors, their market share, pricing strategies, and product offerings to determine competitive advantage and entry barriers.- **Customer Segmentation and Needs Assessment:** Understanding consumer demographics, buying behavior, and specific requirements to tailor products or services accordingly.2. **Product/Service Adaptation and Compliance** (300 words)Adapting products or services to meet local standards, regulations, and consumer preferences is essential. This involves:- **Product Customization:** Modifying product features, packaging, labeling, or language to align with local tastes and cultural norms.- **Compliance with Technical Standards and Regulations:** Ensuring products meet international standards (e.g., ISO, CE, UL) and comply with destination country-specific regulations (e.g., safety, environmental, labeling).- **Intellectual Property Protection:** Securing patents, trademarks, or copyrights in target markets to safeguard against counterfeiting and infringement.3. **Supplier/Vendor Selection and Negotiation** (300 words)Choosing reliable suppliers or vendors who can meet quality standards and delivery schedules is vital. This process encompasses:- **Supplier/Vendor Screening:** Evaluating potential partners based on factors such as production capacity, quality control systems, certifications, financial stability, and ethical practices.- **Price and Contract Negotiation:** Engaging in transparent and fair negotiations to establish mutually beneficial terms, including pricing, payment terms, lead times, warranties, and dispute resolution mechanisms.- **Long-term Relationship Building:** Fostering trust and collaboration through open communication, regular performance evaluations, and continuous improvement initiatives.4. **Incoterms and Logistics Planning** (300 words)Understanding and selecting appropriate Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) and efficiently managing logistics is crucial for cost-effective and timely deliveries. This involves:- **Incoterms Selection:** Choosing the most suitable Incoterm (e.g., EXW, FOB, CIF) based on factors such as risk allocation, cost responsibility, and control over transportation and insurance.- **Logistics Network Optimization:** Establishing partnerships with reliable freight forwarders, carriers, customs brokers, and warehouses to ensure smooth cargo movement, customs clearance, and storage.- **Supply Chain Visibility and Risk Management:** Implementing advanced technologies (e.g., blockchain, IoT) to enhance real-time tracking, predict disruptions, and mitigate risks associated with delays, theft, damage, or non-compliance.5. **Trade Financing and Payment Arrangements** (280 words)Accessing suitable financing options and securing timely payments is paramount for maintaining cash flow and mitigating financial risks. Key aspects include:- **Trade Finance Instruments:** Utilizing instruments like letters of credit, bank guarantees, export credit insurance, or factoring to mitigate payment risks and bridge working capital gaps.- **Payment Terms Negotiation:** Agreeing on payment methods (e.g., advance payment, open account, documentary collection) and timelines that balance buyer-seller interests and minimize risks.- **Foreign Exchange Management:** Implementing hedging strategies (e.g., forward contracts, options) to mitigate currency fluctuations and protect profit margins.6. **Documentation and Compliance with Export/Import Regulations** (270 words)Proper documentation and adherence to regulatory requirements are critical for avoiding penalties, delays, or shipment rejections. Key tasks include: - **Export/Import Documentation:** Preparing and verifying a comprehensive set of documents (e.g., commercial invoice, packing list,certificate of origin, import/export licenses) as per international and local regulations.- **Customs Clearance and Compliance:** Ensuring accurate classification of goods (using HS codes), valuation, and payment of duties and taxes. Staying updated on changes in trade policies, sanctions, and embargo lists.- **Trade Compliance Programs:** Implementing robust internal controls, training, and audits to prevent violations of export control laws, anti-bribery regulations (e.g., FCPA, UK Bribery Act), and economic sanctions.7. **After-sales Service and Customer Support** (292 words)Providing excellent after-sales service and customer support is crucial for building brand loyalty and repeat business. Key elements include: - **Warranty and Returns Management:** Establishing clear warranty policies, efficient return processes, and effective repair or replacement mechanisms.- **Customer Feedback and Complaint Handling:** Implementing systems to gather and analyze customer feedback, promptly addressing complaints, and using insights for continuous improvement.- **Localization of Support Services:** Offering localized customer support through multilingual resources, regional service centers, or online platforms, ensuring prompt and culturally sensitive assistance.ConclusionNavigating the high-quality and standardized process of international trade requires a holistic approach encompassing market research, product adaptation, supplier management, logistics planning, financing, regulatory compliance, and after-sales support. By meticulously executing each step and continuously refining these processes, businesses can harness the vast opportunities of global trade while mitigating risks and ensuring customer satisfaction. This comprehensive overview serves as a roadmap for enterprises embarking on or seeking to optimize their international trade ventures, fostering sustained success in the dynamic and complex landscape of global commerce.。
英⽂版的外贸流程英⽂版的外贸流程英⽂版的外贸流程⼀、get the inquiry---reply the inquiry ensure the product's name ,size, item No, quantity, company, delivery, payments, packing specification, container type . Performa Invoice give the formal quotation---get the formal purchase order---ensure the order then arrange the production-（if the customer can ensure the payment as below,)about the terms of the payment:(1) if the customer choose T/T: ensure the 30% deposit has been received, then we can send the goods(2)if choose L/C: ensure the L/C has been received before the delivery date one month, then the salesmen and the merchandiser check it. make sure the delivery(3)if choose D/A: should get the confirmation by the manager⼆、Inspection1、before one week of the delivery ,notify the inspector inspect the goods.2、if the customer ask the SGS ,we should contract with the SGS before two weeks of the delivery. fix a time then notify the factory三、make the basic documentsP/L,C/L,M/L supplied by the factory ,then the salesmen make it四、have the goods inspect by the China Commodities Inspection Bureau, should get the commodities inspection certificate before one week ofthe delivery.五、reserve the warehouse1、if FOB the customers will charge the logistic ,then we will contract with the logistic, send the ING ORDER to the logistic before two weeks2、if the freight prepaid by the exporter, also should contract with the logistic .send the ING ORDER before two weeks3、if send the ING ORDER. we should fax the quantity, type of the container, board date ,port of the destination to the logistics company六、arrange the counter drag, fax a loading material to the factory marked loading time, type of the container, warehouse No., Car’s No, driver’s TEL.七、custom declaration, get the transport documents⼋、all the document (B/L, C/I ,M/I,C/O ,P/L)B/L: p/l ,p/d ,shipper ,consignee ,ocean vessel/voyage ,type of themove ,notify party ,shipping marks ,free detention , container No.weight ,measurement ,seal No,,C/I: the declaration should as the same as the L/C, also include goods' size, quantity, unit price, amount (the description of the goods)M/I: the same as the C/IP/L: container No. , grade, product name /code, No of Ctns, Qty.九keep in the archives。
国际贸易流程用英语表达英文回答：International Trade Process.International trade is a critical component of the global economy, facilitating the exchange of goods and services between nations. The process of international trade involves a series of steps that ensure the smooth and efficient movement of products across borders.1. Export and Import Regulations.The first step in international trade is to comply with the export and import regulations of both the originating and receiving countries. These regulations may include tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions aimed at protecting domestic industries or promoting specific trade policies.2. Contacting Potential Buyers/Sellers.Businesses seeking to engage in international trade must identify and contact potential buyers or sellers in other countries. This can be done through trade shows, online marketplaces, or other industry channels.3. Negotiation.Once potential partners have been identified, negotiations commence to establish the terms of the trade agreement. These terms may include the type and quantity of goods, pricing, payment terms, and delivery schedules.4. Contract Execution.Upon reaching an agreement, the parties involved must execute a contract to formalize the terms of the trade. This contract should clearly outline the rights and obligations of each party to avoid disputes or misunderstandings.5. Production and Shipment.The exporting company then produces the goods and prepares them for shipment. This may involve packaging, labeling, and obtaining any necessary documentation. The goods are then shipped to the importing country using the chosen mode of transportation (e.g., air, sea, or land).6. Customs Clearance.Upon arrival in the importing country, the goods must clear customs. This involves submitting documentation to customs authorities and paying any applicable duties or taxes. Customs officials verify the accuracy of the documentation and inspect the goods to ensure compliance with regulations.7. Payment.Once the goods have cleared customs, the importing company makes payment to the exporting company as per the agreed-upon payment terms. This may be done through wire transfers, letters of credit, or other payment methods.8. Distribution and Sale.The importing company takes possession of the goods and distributes them through its existing distribution channels. The goods are then sold to local customers, who benefitfrom access to products that may not be available domestically.中文回答：国际贸易流程。
国际贸易cif贸易流程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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在国际贸易中，买卖双方首先会就交易的各项细节进行洽谈并签订合同。
Foreign Trade Operation ProcessForeign trade, also known as international trade, refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries. The process of foreign trade involves a series of steps that businesses must follow to engage in cross-border transactions.In this document, we will outline the typical foreign trade operation process in English.Step 1: Market ResearchBefore engaging in foreign trade, businesses need to conduct thorough market research to identify potential opportunities and risks in target markets. This includes analyzing market trends, customer preferences, competition, and regulatory requirements. By gathering market intelligence, businesses can make informed decisions about entering specific international markets.Step 2: Finding Suppliers or BuyersOnce a market has been identified, businesses need to find reliable suppliers or buyers for their products or services. This may involve attending trade fairs, networking with industry contacts, or using online platforms to connect with potential trading partners. Establishing strong relationships with suppliers or buyers is crucial for successful foreign trade operations.Step 3: Negotiating ContractsNegotiating contracts is a critical step in the foreign trade operation process. Businesses need to agree on terms and conditions with their trading partners, including pricing, payment terms, delivery schedules, and quality standards. A well-negotiated contract can help mitigate risks and ensure a smooth transaction process.Step 4: Regulatory ComplianceCompliance with international trade regulations is essential for foreign trade operations. Businesses need to obtain the necessary licenses and permits, adhere to import and export regulations, and ensure that their products meet quality and safety standards in target markets. Failure to comply with regulatory requirements can result in delays, fines, or even legal consequences.Step 5: Logistics and ShippingLogistics plays a crucial role in foreign trade operations, as goods need to be transported efficiently and cost-effectively across borders. Businesses need to coordinate with freight forwarders, customs brokers, and carriers to ensure smoothshipping processes. Managing logistics effectively can help businesses minimize lead times and optimize supply chain operations.Step 6: Payment and FinancingManaging payments and financing is another key aspect of foreign trade operations. Businesses need to agree on payment terms with their trading partners, choose appropriate payment methods, and consider options for trade finance, such as letters of credit or export credit insurance. Proper financial planning is essential to ensure that transactions are completed successfully.Step 7: After-Sales ServiceProviding after-sales service is essential for building long-term relationships with customers in foreign markets. Businesses need to offer support, warranties, and maintenance services to ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty. By addressing customer needs post-purchase, businesses can enhance their reputation and competitiveness in international markets.In conclusion, the foreign trade operation process involves a series of interconnected steps that businesses need to follow to engage in cross-border transactions successfully. By understanding and effectively managing each step, businesses can capitalize on international opportunities, expand their market reach, and drive growth in today’s global economy.。
实用外贸术语：货物进出口之程序我国海关货运监管之根本任务就是根据?中华人民共与国海关法?与国家有关进出口之政策、法律、法规，对货物与运输工具之合法进出进行监督。
中国海关对一般进出口货物之监管，有接受申报、查验货物、征收关税、结关放行这样四道程序。
让咱们了解一下吧！1. Customs DeclarationCustoms Declaration指进出口货物之申报，即货物在进出境时，由进出口货物之收发货人或其代理人，向海关申报，交验规定之单据文件，请求办理进出口手续之过程，这就就是通常所说之“报关〞。
同时，Customs Declaration一词也有报关单之意。
例句Customs declaration is a necessary procedure in permittinggoods that are transported to a country through an authorizedcustoms broker.报关就是准许报关人运输货物入境之必要条件。
A customs declaration is an official document that lists andgives details of goods that are being imported or exported.报关单就是一份列出并详述进出口货物之官方文件。
2. Customs InspectionCustoms Inspection指海关之查验，就是以已审核之报关单、许可证件等为依据，对进出口货物进行实际之核对与检查，以确保货物合法进出。
根据?海关法?第二十八条之规定，进出口货物应当接受海关查验。
例句A customs inspection is an official measure carried out by thecustoms office, and is an important part of freight transport.海关查验就是海关实施之一项官方措施，也就是货物运输之一个重要局部。
1．外贸业务人员在国外采购商旳询价，做出产品报价前，应理解客户基本信息，包括与否终端客户、年采购能力、消费区域，以及产品旳用途、规格及质量规定，我企业与否可以生产等。
Before quoting, the Salesman should know the basic information about the clients, for instance, the end users or not, the annual order quantity, the places of consuming, and the products the purposes, specification, quality and the abilities whether our factories to meet.2．对于外商旳邮件、传真，原则上在24小时内答复；特殊状况需要延期旳，应及时向外商解释及大概需要旳时间。
Generally as a rule, to reply the clients’ mails shall be within 24 hours after receiving; and please explain the reasons to the clients due to the things particular and need more time to deal with.3．对于外商旳产品报价，原则上按照企业财务部门经核算后旳价格表（外销）执行；企业财务部门根据市场状况及生产成本，定期进行核算，对产品价格进行调整。
Quotations will be according to the prices list (for oversea market) made by the company Accounting Department, which will make prices adjustments according to the market and the production cost at regular periods.4．对于定单数量较大，外商所能接受旳价格低于我企业公布旳价格旳，业务人员应先上报部门经理同意实行；部门经理不能批复旳，报总经理同意后实行。
国际贸易报关流程解读英文回答：International Trade Customs Clearance Procedures.International trade customs clearance is the process of complying with government regulations when importing or exporting goods across borders. It involves submitting necessary documentation, paying duties and taxes, and undergoing inspections to ensure compliance with regulations. The specific procedures and requirements vary from country to country, but generally involve thefollowing steps:1. Pre-Arrival Preparation:Obtain necessary import/export licenses or permits.Prepare commercial invoice, packing list, and bill of lading.Determine Harmonized System (HS) code for goods.2. Entry Declaration:Submit entry declaration to customs authorities upon arrival.Declare accurate information about goods, including value, quantity, and classification.3. Documentation Review:Customs officials review submitted documentation to verify accuracy and compliance.May request additional documents or clarifications.4. Duty and Tax Payment:Calculate and pay applicable duties and taxes based on HS code and value of goods.5. Physical Inspection:Customs may conduct physical inspections of goods to ensure accuracy of declarations.May use scanners, X-rays, or other methods to examine contents.6. Release of Goods:If customs is satisfied with the accuracy of declarations and payments, goods are released for clearance.May issue a release notice or stamp of approval.Additional Considerations:Special Import/Export Regulations: Certain goods may require additional permits or certifications, such as hazardous materials or food products.Third-Party Brokers: Importers and exporters can hire licensed customs brokers to assist with the clearance process.Electronic Customs Clearance: Many countries offer electronic customs clearance systems to streamline the process and reduce delays.Penalties for Non-Compliance: Failure to comply with customs regulations can result in fines, penalties, or even seizure of goods.中文回答：国际贸易报关流程解读。
三、离港⼿续 英⽂原⽂：Export goods can be loaded on to the vessel only if the necessary permit, “Entry Outwards”, is given by the customs authorities and proper documents duly passed by customs are delivered by the exporters to the master or the person in charge of the ship. 注释：Entry Outwards出⼝报关单 proper: 适当的，正确的 duly: 适时地 in charge of: 负责，经营，照顾 中⽂意思：出⼝商品只有获得海关*的必要许可——出⼝报关单，并由出⼝商提供经海关及时通过的适当⽂件给船长或管理船舶的⼈后，出⼝商品才可以装上船。
英⽂原⽂：A vessel which has brought any imports or has loaded exports can leave a port only when written permission, known as “port clearance”, is granted by customs authorities. 注释：import: 在这⾥指“进⼝货，输⼊商品” export: 在这⾥指“出⼝货，输出商品” written: 书⾯的，成⽂的 permission: 许可，允许 port clearance: 结关单 中⽂意思：任何运⼊进⼝商品或装运出⼝商品的船舶只有得到了海关*授予的书⾯许可——结关单，才能离港。
英⽂原⽂：Application for port clearance has to be made before the intended departure of a vessel and has to be accompanied by the Export Manifest showing particulars of the cargo loaded and such documents as may be required by the customs authorities. 注释：application: 申请，请求 intended: 有意的，故意的 accompany: 附上，伴随 Export Manifest: 出⼝载货清单，出⼝舱单 particular: 详细说明，资料 中⽂意思：在船要离港之前必须申请结关并同时附上表明货物详细情况的出⼝载货清单和其他海关*所要求的这样的⽂件。
整套国际贸易操作流程出口贸易的一般流程报价、订货、付款方式、备货、包装、通关手续、装船、运输保险、提单、结汇。
一、报价在国际贸易中一般是由产品的询价、报价作为贸易的开始。
其中，对于出口产品的报价主要包括：产品的质量等级、产品的规格型号、产品是否有特殊包装要求、所购产品量的多少、交货期的要求、产品的运输方式、产品的材质等内容。
比较常用的报价有：FOB"船上交货"、CNF"成本加运费"、CIF"成本、保险费加运费"等形式。
二、订货（签约）贸易双方就报价达成意向后，买方企业正式订货并就一些相关事项与卖方企业进行协商，双方协商认可后，需要签订《购货合同》。
在签订《购货合同》过程中，主要对商品名称、规格型号、数量、价格、包装、产地、装运期、付款条件、结算方式、索赔、仲裁等内容进行商谈，并将商谈后达成的协议写入《购货合同》。
这标志着出口业务的正式开始。
通常情况下，签订购货合同一式两份由双方盖本公司公章生效，双方各保存一份。
三、付款方式比较常用的国际付款方式有三种，即信用证付款方式、TT付款方式和直接付款方式。
1、信用证付款方式信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。
跟单信用证是指附有指定单据的信用证，不附任何单据的信用证称光票信用证。
简单地说，信用证是保证出口商收回货款的保证文件。
请注意，出口货物的装运期限应在信用证的有效期限内进行，信用证交单期限必须不迟于信用证的有效日期内提交。
国际贸易中以信用证为付款方式的居多，信用证的开证日期应当明确、清楚、完整。
中国的几家国有商业银行，如中国银行、中国建设银行、中国农业银行、中国工商银行等，都能够对外开立信用证（这几家主要银行的开证手续费都是开证金额的1.5‰）。
2、TT付款方式TT付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算，由您的客户将款项汇至贵公司指定的外汇银行账号内，可以要求货到后一定期限内汇款。
3、直接付款方式是指买卖双方直接交货付款。
