国际贸易专业英语 (8)

国际贸易8种运输方式英语International Trade: 8 Modes of TransportationIntroductionIn the globalized world, international trade plays a vital role in the prosperity of nations. Efficient transportation is a key factor in facilitating international trade flows. This article will explore eight different modes of transportation commonly used in international trade and their characteristics.1. Road TransportationRoad transportation is the most commonly used mode of transportation for goods within a country or across borders. It offers flexibility, accessibility, and door-to-door delivery. Trucks and vans are widely used for transporting a wide range of goods, from perishable items to industrial equipment. However, road transportation may face challenges such as traffic congestion and varying road conditions.2. Rail TransportationRail transportation is an efficient and cost-effective mode for long-distance transportation. Trains can carry a large volume of goods, reducing transportation costs. Rail transportation is commonly used for the movement of bulk commodities such as coal, grain, and chemicals. It is less flexible compared to road transportation, as rail networks may have limited connectivity to certain areas.3. Air TransportationAir transportation is the fastest mode for international trade. It offers quick delivery, especially for high-value and time-sensitive goods. Air cargo usually consists of small, lightweight items, such as consumer electronics and pharmaceuticals. However, air transportation is relatively expensive compared to other modes, and it may be subject to restrictions on certain types of goods.4. Sea TransportationSea transportation is the most widely used mode for international trade. It is cost-effective and efficient for transporting large volumes of goods over long distances. Ocean vessels can carry various types of cargo, including bulk commodities, containers, and automobiles. Sea transportation is characterized by longer transit times, but it offers substantial capacity and cost advantages for global trade.5. Inland Waterway TransportationInland waterway transportation involves the movement of goods on rivers, canals, and lakes. It is an economical mode for transporting bulk cargo, such as petroleum products, coal, and agricultural goods. Inland waterways provide access to landlocked regions and can offer a greener alternative to road or rail transportation. However, this mode is limited to areas with navigable waterways.6. Pipeline TransportationPipeline transportation is used for transporting liquids and gases, such as crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products. It is a safe, efficient, and continuous mode of transportation over long distances. Pipelines arecommonly used for transporting energy resources from production sites to refineries or distribution centers. However, pipeline infrastructure may require significant upfront investment.7. Multimodal TransportationMultimodal transportation involves the use of multiple modes of transportation to move goods from one place to another. It combines the advantages of different modes, offering flexibility and optimization in terms of cost, time, and geographic reach. For example, a shipment may involve a combination of road, rail, and sea transportation to ensure efficient and seamless delivery. Multimodal transportation requires coordination and expertise to manage the logistics efficiently.8. Intermodal TransportationIntermodal transportation is a subset of multimodal transportation that involves the use of standardized containers that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation. It eliminates the need for cargo handling and increases efficiency in the supply chain. Intermodal transportation combines the advantages of different modes, such as road, rail, and sea, to provide fast and reliable delivery for goods.ConclusionIn conclusion, there are eight main modes of transportation commonly used in international trade: road, rail, air, sea, inland waterway, pipeline, multimodal, and intermodal transportation. Each mode offers distinct advantages and characteristics that cater to specific trade requirements. Understanding the different transportation options is crucial for businessesinvolved in international trade to ensure efficient and cost-effective logistics operations.。

一、信用证英语常用词句信用证种类——Kinds of L/C1. revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C 可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证2.confirmed L/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证4.transferable L/C(or)assignable L/C(or)transmissible L/C /untransferable L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证6.revolving L/C 循环信用证7.L/C with T/T reimbursement clause 带电汇条款信用证8.without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C 延付信用证/预支信用证11.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C 对背信用证/对开信用证12.traveller's L/C(or:circular L/C) 旅行信用证信用证有关各方名称——Names of Parties Concerned1. opener 开证人(1)applicant 开证人(申请开证人)(2)principal 开证人(委托开证人)(3)accountee 开证人(4)accreditor 开证人(委托开证人)(5)opener 开证人(6)for account of Messrs 付(某人)帐(7)at the request of Messrs 应(某人)请求(8)on behalf of Messrs 代表某人(9)by order of Messrs 奉(某人)之命(10)by order of and for account of Messrs 奉(某人)之命并付其帐户(11)at the request of and for account of Messrs 应(某人)得要求并付其帐户(12)in accordance with instruction received from accreditors 根据已收到得委托开证人得指示2.beneficiary 受益人(1)beneficiary 受益人(2)in favour of 以(某人)为受益人(3)in one's favour 以……为受益人(4)favouring yourselves 以你本人为受益人3.drawee 付款人(或称受票人，指汇票)(1)to drawn on (or :upon) 以(某人)为付款人(2)to value on 以(某人)为付款人(3)to issued on 以(某人)为付款人4.drawer 出票人5.advising bank 通知行(1)advising bank 通知行(2)the notifying bank 通知行(3)advised through…bank 通过……银行通知(4)advised by airmail/cable through…bank 通过……银行航空信/电通知6.opening bank 开证行(1)opening bank 开证行(2)issuing bank 开证行(3)establishing bank 开证行7.negotiation bank 议付行(1)negotiating bank 议付行(2)negotiation bank 议付行8.paying bank 付款行9.reimbursing bank 偿付行10.the confirming bank 保兑行Amount of the L/C 信用证金额 1. amount RMB￥… 金额：人民币2.up to an aggregate amount of Hongkong Dollars… 累计金额最高为港币……3.for a sum (or :sums) not exceeding a total of GBP… 总金额不得超过英镑……4.to the extent of HKD… 总金额为港币……5.for the amount of USD… 金额为美元……6.for an amount not exceeding total of JPY… 金额的总数不得超过……日元的限度The Stipulations for the shipping Documents 1. available against surrender of the following documents bearing our credit number and the full name and address of the opener 凭交出下列注名本证号码和开证人的全称及地址的单据付款2.drafts to be accompanied by the documents marked(×)below 汇票须随附下列注有(×)的单据3.accompanied against to documents hereinafter 随附下列单据4.accompanied by following documents 随附下列单据5.documents required 单据要求6.accompanied by the following documents marked(×)in duplicate 随附下列注有(×)的单据一式两份7.drafts are to be accompanied by… 汇票要随附(指单据)……Draft(Bill of Exchange)1.the kinds of drafts 汇票种类(1)available by drafts at sight 凭即期汇票付款(2)draft(s)to be drawn at 30 days sight 开立30天的期票(3)sight drafs 即期汇票(4)time drafts 远期汇票2.drawn clauses 出票条款(注：即出具汇票的法律依据)(1)all darfts drawn under this credit must contain the clause “Drafts drawn Under Bank of…credit No.…dated…” 本证项下开具的汇票须注明“本汇票系凭……银行……年……月……日第…号信用证下开具”的条款(2)drafts are to be drawn in duplicate to our order bearing the clause “Drawn u nder United Malayan Banking Corp.Bhd.Irrevocable Letter of Credit No.…dated July 12, 1978” 汇票一式两份，以我行为抬头，并注明“根据马来西亚联合银行1978年7月12日第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”(3)draft(s)drawn under this credit to be marked：“Drawn under…Bank L/C No.……Dated (issuing date of credit)” 根据本证开出得汇票须注明“凭……银行……年……月……日(按开证日期)第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”(4)drafts in duplicate at sight bearing the clauses“Drawn under…L/C No.…dated…” 即期汇票一式两份，注明“根据……银行信用证……号，日期……开具”(5)draft(s)so drawn must be in scribed with the number and date of this L/C 开具的汇票须注上本证的号码和日期(6)draft(s)bearing the clause：“Drawn under documentary credit No.…(shown above) of…Bank” 汇票注明“根据……银行跟单信用证……号(如上所示)项下开立”Invoice 1. signed commercial invoice 已签署的商业发票(in duplicate 一式两in triplicate 一式三份in quadruplicate 一式四份in quintuplicate 一式五份in sextuplicate 一式六份in septuplicate 一式七份in octuplicate 一式八份in nonuplicate 一式九份in decuplicate 一式十份)2.beneficiary's original signed commercial invoices at least in 8 copies issued in the name of the buyer indicating(showing/evidencing/specifying/declaration of)the merchandise, country of origin and any other relevant information. 以买方的名义开具、注明商品名称、原产国及其他有关资料，并经签署的受益人的商业发票正本至少一式八份3.Signed attested invoice combined with certificate of origin and value in 6 copies as reuired for imports into Nigeria. 以签署的，连同产地证明和货物价值的，输入尼日利亚的联合发票一式六份4.beneficiary must certify on the invoice…have been sent to the accountee 受益人须在发票上证明，已将……寄交开证人5.4% discount should be deducted from total amount of the commercial invoice 商业发票的总金额须扣除4%折扣6.invoice must be showed: u nder A/P No.… date of expiry 19th Jan. 1981 发票须表明：根据第……号购买证，满期日为1981年1月19日7.documents in combined form are not acceptable 不接受联合单据bined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票Bill of Loading——提单 1. full set shipping(company's)clean on board bill(s)of lading marked "Freight Prepaid" to order of shipper endorsed to … Bank, notifying buyers 全套装船(公司的)洁净已装船提单应注明“运费付讫”，作为以装船人指示为抬头、背书给……银行，通知买方2.bills of lading made out in negotiable form 作成可议付形式的提单3.clean shipped on board ocean bills of lading to order and endorsed in blank marked "Freight Prepaid" notify: importer(openers,accountee) 洁净已装船的提单空白抬头并空白背书，注明“运费付讫”，通知进口人(开证人)4.full set of clean “on board”bills of lading/cargo receipt made out to our order/to order and endorsed in blank notify buyers M/S … Co. calling for shipment from China to Hamburg marked “Freight prepaid” / “Freight Payable at Destination”全套洁净“已装船”提单/货运收据作成以我(行)为抬头/空白抬头，空白背书，通知买方……公司，要求货物字中国运往汉堡，注明“运费付讫”/“运费在目的港付”5.bills of lading issued in the name of… 提单以……为抬头6.bills of lading must be dated not before the date of this credit and not later than Aug. 15, 1977 提单日期不得早于本证的日期，也不得迟于1977年8月15日7.bill of lading marked notify: buyer,“Freight Prepaid”“Linerterms”“received for shipment” B/L not acceptable 提单注明通知买方，“运费预付”按“班轮条件”，“备运提单”不接受8.non-negotiable copy of bills of lading 不可议付的提单副本二、国际贸易单证英语词汇汇总国际贸易单证英语词汇汇总：分析证书certificate of analysis一致性证书cettificate of conformity质量证书certificate of quality测试报告test report产品性能报告product performance report产品规格型号报告product specification report工艺数据报告process data report首样测试报告first sample test report价格/销售目录price/sales catalogue参与方信息party information农产品加工厂证书mill certificate邮政收据post receipt重量证书weight certificate重量单weight list证书certificate价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value and origin移动声明movement certificate数量证书certificate of quantity质量数据报文quality data message查询query查询回复response to query订购单purchase order制造说明manufacturing instructions领料单stores requisition产品售价单invoicing data sheet包装说明packing instruction内部运输单internal transport order统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and other administrative internal documents直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request直接支付估价单direct payment valuation临时支付估价单provisional payment valuation支付估价单payment valuation数量估价单quantity valuation request数量估价申请quantity valuation request合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ不标价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ询价单enquiry临时支付申请interim application for payment 支付协议agreement to pay意向书letter of intent订单order总订单blanket order现货订单sport order租赁单lease order紧急订单rush order修理单repair order分订单call off order寄售单consignment order样品订单sample order换货单swap order订购单变更请求purchase order change request 订购单回复purchase order response租用单hire order备件订单spare parts order交货说明delivery instructions交货计划表delivery schedule按时交货delivery just-in-time发货通知delivery release交货通知delivery note装箱单packing list发盘/报价offer/quotation报价申请request for quote合同contract订单确认acknowledgement of order形式发票proforma invoice部分发票partial invoice操作说明operating instructions名牌name/product plate交货说明请求request for delivery instructions订舱申请booking request装运说明shipping instructions托运人说明书(空运) shipper's letter of instructions(air)短途货运单cartage order(local transport)待运通知ready for despatch advice发运单despatch order发运通知despatch advice单证分发通知advice of distribution of document.商业发票commercial invoice贷记单credit note佣金单commission note借记单debit note更正发票corrected invoice合并发票consolidated invoice预付发票prepayment invoice租用发票hire invoice税务发票tax invoice自用发票self-billed invoice保兑发票delcredere invoice代理发票factored invoice租赁发票lease invoice寄售发票consignment invoice代理贷记单factored credit note银行转帐指示instructions for bank transfer银行汇票申请书application for banker's draft托收支付通知书collection payment advice跟单信用证支付通知书document.ry credit payment advice跟单信用证承兑通知书document.ry credit acceptance advice跟单信用证议付通知书document.ry credit negotiation advice银行担保申请书application for banker's guarantee银行担保banker's guarantee跟单信用证赔偿单document.ry credit letter of indemnity信用证预先通知书preadvice of a credit托收单collection order单证提交单document. presentation form付款单payment order扩展付款单extended payment order多重付款单multiple payment order贷记通知书credit advice扩展贷记通知书extended credit advice借记通知书debit advice借记撤消reversal of debit贷记撤消reversal of credit跟单信用证申请书document.ry credit application跟单信用证document.ry credit跟单信用证通知书document.ry credit notification跟单信用证转让通知document.ry credit transfer advice跟单信用证更改通知书document.ry credit amendment notification 跟单信用证更改单document.ry credit amendment汇款通知remittance advice银行汇票banker's draft汇票bill of exchange本票promissory note帐户财务报表financial statement of account帐户报表报文statement of account message保险赁证insurance certificate保险单insurance policy保险申报单(明细表) insurance declaration sheet (bordereau)保险人发票insurer's invoice承保单cover note货运说明forwarding instructions货运代理给进口代理的通知forwarder's advice to import agent货运代理给出口商的通知forwarder's advice to exporter货运代理发票forwarder's invoice货运代理收据证明forwarder's certificate of receipt托运单shipping note货运代理人仓库收据forwarder's warehouse receipt货物收据goods receipt港口费用单port charges document.入库单warehouse warrant提货单delivery order装卸单handling order通行证gate pass运单waybill通用(多用)运输单证universal (multipurpose) transport document.承运人货物收据goods receipt, carriage全程运单house waybill主提单master bill of lading提单bill of lading正本提单bill of lading original副本提单bill of lading copy空集装箱提单empty container bill油轮提单tanker bill of lading海运单sea waybill内河提单inland waterway bill of lading不可转让的海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document.nbsp(generic)大副据mate's receipt全程提单house bill of lading无提单提货保函letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading货运代理人提单forwarder's bill of lading铁路托运单(通用条款) rail consignment note (generic term)陆运单road list-SMGS押运正式确认escort official recognition分段计费单证recharging document.公路托运单road cosignment note空运单air waybill主空运单master air waybill分空运单substitute air waybill出国人员物品申报crew's effects declaration乘客名单passenger list铁路运输交货通知delivery notice(rail transport)邮递包裹投递单despatch note (post parcels)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal/combined transport document.nbsp(generic) 直达提单through bill of lading货运代理人运输证书forwarder's certificate of transport联运单证(通用) combined transport document.nbsp(generic)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document.nbsp(generic)多式联运提单combined transport bill of lading/multimodal bill of lading订舱确认booking confirmation要求交货通知calling foward notice运费发票freight invoice货物到达通知arrival notice(goods)无法交货的通知notice of circumstances preventing delivery (goods)无法运货通知notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods)交货通知delivery notice (goods)载货清单cargo manifest载货运费清单freight manifest公路运输货物清单bordereau集装箱载货清单container manifest (unit packing list)铁路费用单charges note托收通知advice of collection船舶安全证书safety of ship certificate无线电台安全证书safety of radio certificate设备安全证书safety of equipment certificate油污民事责任书civil liability for oil certificate载重线证书loadline document.免于除鼠证书derat document.航海健康证书maritime declaration of health船舶登记证书certificate of registry船用物品申报单ship's stores declaration出口许可证申请表export licence, application出口许可证export licence出口结汇核销单exchange control declaration, exprotT出口单证( 海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T T1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1 T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document.nbspT5铁路运输退运单re-sending consigment noteT2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L 出口货物报关单goods declaration for exportation离港货物报关单cargo declaration(departure)货物监管证书申请表application for goods control certificate货物监管证书申请表goods control certificate植物检疫申请表application for phytosanitary certificate植物检疫证书phytosanitary certificate卫生检疫证书sanitary certificate动物检疫证书veterinary certifieate商品检验申请表application for inspection certificate商品检验证书inspection certificate原产地证书申请表certificate of origin, application for原产地证书certificate of origin原产地申明declaration of origin地区名称证书regional appellation certificate优惠原产地证书preference certificate of origin普惠制原产地证书certificate of origin form GSP领事发票cosular invoice危险货物申报单dangerous goods declaration出口统计报表statistical doucument, export国际贸易统计申报单intrastat declaration交货核对证明delivery verification certificate进口许可证申请表import licence, application for进口许可证import licence无商业细节的报关单customs declaration without commercial detail有商业和项目细节的报关单customs declaration with commercial and item detail无项目细节的报关单customs declaration without item detail有关单证related document.海关收据receipt (Customs)调汇申请application for exchange allocation调汇许可foreign exchange permit进口外汇管理申报exchange control declaration (import)进口货物报关单goods declaration for importation内销货物报关单goods declaration for home use海关即刻放行报关单customs immediate release declaration海关放行通知customs delivery note到港货物报关单cargo declaration (arrival)货物价值申报清单value declaration海关发票customs invoice邮包报关单customs declaration (post parcels)增值税申报单tax declaration (value added tax)普通税申报单tax declaration (general)催税单tax demand禁运货物许可证embargo permit海关转运货物报关单goods declaration for customs transitTIF国际铁路运输报关单TIF formTIR国际公路运输报关单TIR carnet欧共体海关转运报关单EC carnetEUR1欧共体原产地证书EUR 1 certificate of origin暂准进口海关文件ATA carnet欧共体统一单证single administrative document.海关一般回复general response (Customs)海关公文回复document.nbspresponse (Customs)海关误差回复error response (Customs)海关一揽子回复package response (Customs)海关计税/确认回复tax calculation /confirmation response (Customs) 配额预分配证书quota prior allocation certificate最终使用授权书end use authorization政府合同government contract进口统计报表statistical document. import跟单信用证开证申请书application for document.ry credit先前海关文件/报文previous Customs document.message三、跟单英语：验货常用语跟单英语：验货常用语成品检验Checking of finished products检验，检查inspection, check商检commodity inspection领面松wrinkles at top collar领面紧top collar appears tight领面起泡crumples at top collar领外口松collar edge appears loose领外口紧collar edge appears tight底领伸出collar band is longer than collar底领缩进collar band is shorter than collar底领里起皱wrinkles at collar band facing底领外露collar band lean out of collar倘领偏斜collar deviates from front center line 领窝不平creases below neckline后领窝起涌bunches below back neckline驳头起皱wrinkles at top lapel驳头反翘top lapel appears tight驳头外口松lapel edge appears loose驳头外口紧lapel edge appears tight驳口不直lapel roll line is uneven串口不直gorge line is uneven领卡脖tight neckline领离脖collar stand away from neck小肩起皱puckers at shoulders塌肩wrinkles at shoulder袖隆起皱creases at underarm袖隆缝起皱puckers at underarm seam塌胸lack of fullness at chest省尖起泡crumples at dart point拉链起皱wrinkles at zip fly止口不直front edge is uneven止口缩角front edge is out of square止口反翘front edge is upturned止口反吐facing leans out of front edge止口豁split at front edge止口下部搭叠过多crossing at front edge底边起皱wrinkles at hem后身起吊back of coat rides up背衩豁开split at back vent背衩搭叠过多crossing at back vent绗棉起皱puckers at quilting絮棉不均padded cotton is uneven边缘缺棉empty hem绱袖不圆顺diagonal wrinkles at sleeve cap袖子偏前sleeve leans to front袖子偏后sleeve leans to back前袖缝外翻inseam leans to front袖口起皱wrinkles at sleeve opening袖里拧diagonal wrinkles at sleeve lining袋盖反翘top flap appears tight 袋盖反吐flap lining leans out of edge袋盖不直flap edge is uneven袋口角起皱creases on two ends of pocket mouth袋口裂split at pocket mouth腰头探出end of waistband is uneven腰缝起皱wrinkles at waistband facing里襟里起皱creases at right fly夹裆tight crotch短裆short seat后裆下垂slack seat前浪不平wrinkles at front rise裆缝断线bursting of crotch seam裤脚前后two legs are uneven脚口不齐leg opening is uneven吊脚pulling at outseam or inseam烫迹线外撇crease line leans to outside烫迹线内撇crease line leans to inside腰缝下口涌bunches below waistline seam裙裥豁开split at lower part of skirt裙身吊split hem line rides up裙浪不匀skirt flare is uneven线路偏移stitch seam leans out line双轨接线stitch seam is uneven跳针skipping尺码不符off size缝制不良stitching quality is not good洗水不良washing quality is not good熨烫不良pressing quality is not good极光iron-shine水渍water stain锈迹rust污渍spot色差color shade, off shade, color deviation褪色fading, fugitive color线头thread residue毛头raw edge leans out of seam绣花不良embroidery design out line is uncovered四、进出口实用英语汇总单证英语：进出口实用英语汇总1. 通知对方以开立信用证As you have confirmed theorder, we have arranged with the Bank of China to open an L/C in your favor for the amount of US $150,000 in accordance with the trade terms stipulated.2. 通知对方已寄出信用证According to your request for opening L/C, we are pleased to inform you that we have airmailed today through the Bank of China an irrevocable L/C for $200,000 in favor of the New York Trading Co., Inc. on the following terms and conditions.3. 通知对方已开立并寄出信用证We hasten to inform you that we have today been advised by the Bank of China of the establishment of an L/C in your favor to the amount of $100,000 available on or before April 30, 2001.We believe it will be in your hands within this week.4. 通知对方外国银行开立信用证By order and for your account we have made fax instructions to our Los Angeles branch to establish an L/C in favor of the Pacific Trading Co., Inc., Los Angeles to the amount of US$50,000.5. 通知对方已收到信用证Thank you very much for your L/C covering your order No.100.The goods you have ordered are being prepared for shipment.As soon as the shipment has been executed, you will be advised by fax and our letter will follow with the shipping documents.来源：6. 通知信用证的开立与有效期限We have instructed the Bank of China to open an irrevocable letter of credit for US$35,000. This will be advised by the bankers' correspondents, Beijing City Commercial Bank. They will accept your draft on them at 30 days after sight for the amount of your invoices.The credit id valid until September 30.7. 通知对方已开立信用证，并支付汇票We have asked the Bank of China here to open a credit for US$50,000 in your favor and this will remain in force until March 31, 2001.The bank will honor your draft at sight for the amount of your invoice drawn under the L/C.8. 督促对方开立信用证In order to execute your order No.205, please urgently open an irrevocable L/C for the amount of US$100,000 in our favor, available until April 30.As the shipping time is near, we ask you to instruct your bankers to open it so that we can receive it within this week.9. 督促对方确认订单并开立信用证We are pleased to confirm your fax order today and inform you that your order No. 100 is now ready for shipment per M/S Pacific leaving Jilong around June 10.Therefore we are anxious to receive your advice of L/C against this order.10. 要求提早开立信用证We need a period of three months for production in order to execute this order and request your immediately arrangement for opening an L/C two months before the time of shipment. 11. 督促迟迟未寄发的信用证The letter of credit covering your order No. 500 has not yet reached us in spite of our repeated requests.We have been working on the manufacturers to execute your order at higher prices.Therefore we request you open an L/C urgently so that we can make the shipment stipulated.12. 收到信用证后，立刻装运货物The goods of your order are being manufactured in time for the shipping date requested.You inform us that you will open an irrevocable L/C, valid until August 31 and we as k you to send it promptly.Immediately on arrival of the L/C we will pack and ship the goods urgently as requested.来源：13. 通知准备装运，并督促尽早开立信用证We are pleased to confirm your order for electric typewriters amounting to US$100,000.As requested, we are preparing to make shipment by the end of October and would request you open an irrevocable L/C in our favor as soon as possible, valid until November 20.14. 要求修改信用证的付款条件According to the L/C we received, the payment is to be made at 120 d/s.But we want it to be made at sight.This has been agreed to by you and expressly mentioned in your order sheet.Therefore please amend it as stated.15. 因分批装运而必须修改信用证We have just received your advice that you cannot carry out the complete shipment covering our order for sundries at one sailing.Therefore we have instructed our bankers to amend the L/C so that partial shipments may be allowed.来16. 因工厂罢工，要求延长信用证期限We are afraid the L/C may expire before shipment because of the strike in our factory.Therefore please explain our situation to your customers and try to get their consent to extend the L/C to August 31.17. 要求修改信用证的计价方法Your order has been accepted on FOB basis.Your L/C is described as C&F basis and some differences will be made between the invoice amount and the amount of you require.Therefore please amend the price of your L/C to FOB basis.18. 由于船位不足，请求延长信用证的期限In spite of our effort, we find it impossible to secure space for the shipment owing to the unusual shortage of shipping space.Please allow us to request that you extend your L/C to April 10.19. 答应延长信用证的期限As requested in your letter of April 10, we have instructed our bankers to extend the L/C No. 1025 up to and including October 31.Therefore you will receive the extension advice by this weekend.五、常用服饰英语跟单英语：常用服饰英语textilenatural fabric 天然纤维artificial fibre 人造纤维synthetic fibre 合成纤维chemical fibre 化学纤维synthetic fabric 混合纤维cotton棉silk丝wool羊毛linen麻hemp大麻flax亚麻ramie苎麻rayon人造丝nylon尼龙textile fabric织物针织品braided fabric 纺织物calico白布cutton cloth 棉布linen cloth亚麻布satin缎子dress女服tailored suit 女式西服trousseau嫁妆blouse紧身衣衫nightdress女睡衣nightgown女睡衣skirt裙子split skirt裙裤divided skirt 裙裤围裙petticoat衬裙stays束腰girdle腰带headdress头饰turban穆斯林的头巾hair net发网brush发刷cravat领巾neckerchief 领巾scarf围巾shawl披肩muff暖手筒handkerchief 手帕glove手套wrist watch 手表handbag手提包earring耳环necklace项链pendant项饰ring戒指lipstick口红perfume香水cap便帽hat礼帽swimming cap 泳帽hood风帽hatbox帽盒mantle斗篷clothing[总称]衣服clothes服装cheong-sam旗袍garment外衣everyday clothes 便服coat外套housecoat家常服vest汗衫T-shirtT恤衫T-shirt圆领汗衫waistcoat背心underwear内衣裤shorts短裤pants短裤pants裤子trousers[复]裤子belt腰带牛仔裤shoe鞋slipper拖鞋moccasin 软拖鞋sandal凉鞋lace鞋带boot靴子stocking 长统袜sock短袜V-neckV型领lapel翻领tie领带bow tie 蝶形领带ascot宽领带tie pin领带夹belt腰带button纽扣六、男装名词集锦跟单英语之男装名词集锦西装Western-styleclothes/tailoredsuit/suit男装men’swear;men’ssuit男童装boy’sclothes西装上衣uppergarment;jacket/topcoat/blouse/blouson 中西式上衣Chineseandwesternstyleblouse中山装上衣Zhongshancoat/Chinesestylejacket/Sun-Yat-Senstylejacket 男式短上衣mannishjacket男便装上衣sackcoat男紧身上衣doublet短西装上衣minisuit轻便型上衣/运动上衣sportscoat运动短上衣stadiumjumper双排扣短上衣spencercroise(法)V领套头上衣pullenV(法)风帽上衣hoodjacket;anorak套头宽上衣pullblouson宽大短上衣talma紧身短上衣tunic/coatee超短上衣minicoat春秋衫springandautumncoat罩衫smock/blouse茄克衫jacket/blouson衬衫shirt/blouse男衬衫shirt/chemise(法)男用外衬衫liquette(法)美式男用衬衫chemiseAmerican(法)礼服衬衫dressshirt休闲衬衫leisureshirt牛仔衬衫cowboyshirt套头衬衫pullovershirt背心/马甲vest/waistcoat礼服背心dress/eveningvest西服背心waistcoat/vest/weskit户外背心outervest运动背心sport/gymvest牛仔背心cowboyvest单襟背心single-breastedvest两扣背心two-buttonwaistcoat紧身背心doublet/weskit长裤trousers/pants/slacks/pegs/pantalon(法)bags(英口语)西装长裤trousers 英式长裤Britishtrousers高尔夫长裤golfjupon礼服裤dressslacks//courtbreeches礼服条纹裤stripedtrousers直筒裤straighttrousers;stem-pipepants;cigarettepants;straight-legslacks 牛仔裤jeans西装短裤shorts沙滩短裤beachshorts运动短裤trunks;sportsshorts;gymshorts拳击短裤boxershorts/trunks冲浪短裤jams;surfer’sshorts散步短裤walkingshorts宽松短裤baggys男套装men’ssuit;tailleurmasculin(法)男式长服lounge/businesssuit西装式套装tailoredsuit正统男西装classicsuit普通西装lounge/sacksuit古典西装classicmodelsuit意大利欧式西装Italiancontinentalsuit英式西装British-stylesuit日常套装afternoonsuit简便套装easy/casual/leisuresuit;leisuresuit;运动套装sweat/joggingsuit;gymoutfit登山服mountaineeringsuit 滑雪服skisuit户外活动套装blazersuit男海滩装cabanaset燕尾服swallow-tailedcoat;swallowtail;eveningdress内裤pants/underpants;underdrawers三角裤briefs;shortpants;undershorts七、外贸单证英语词汇缩写集锦外贸单证英语词汇缩写集锦cu.ft.;cb.ft. cubic foot 立方英尺cur.;curt. current(this month) 本月cur. currency 币制cu.yd.;cb.yd. cubic yard 立方码C.W.O. cash with order 订货时付款c.w.t.;cwt. hundredweight 英担(122磅)CY Container Yard 集装箱堆场d. denarii(L),panny or pence 便士D/A Document against Acceptance 承兑交单d/a days after acceptance 承兑后若干天(交款)D.D.;D/D Demand draft 即期汇票Delivered at docks 码头交货D/d documentary draft 跟单汇票Dec. December 十二月deld. delivered 交付dept. department 部;股;处destn. destination 目的港;目的地D/f dead freight 空舱费drt. draft 汇票diam. diameter 直径diff. difference 差额;差异dis.;disc't discount 贴现;折扣;贴现息dis.;Dolls. dollars 元Dmge. Damage 损坏destn. destination 目的港;目的地D/N debit note 久款帐单doc. document 单据doc.att. document attached 附单据;附证件dols.;dolls. dollars 元D/P document against payment 付款交单doz. dozen 打d.p. direct port 直达港口d/s;d.s.;days.st. days after sight 见票后若干天付款ds.;d's days 日dto.;do ditto 同上;同前d.t. delivery time 交货时间dup.;dupl.;duplte. duplicate 誊本;第二份;两份D.W.T. dead weight tonnage 载重吨D/Y delivery 交付;交货dz.;doz. dozen 打ea. each 每E.C. Exempli causa(for example) 例如E/D Export Declaration 出口申报单E.E. errors excepted 错误当查;错误当改E.E.C. European Economic Community 欧洲共同体e.g.;ex.g. Exempli gratia(L.)=for example 例如end. endorsed;endorsement 背书encl.;enc. ecnlosure 附件E.&O.E. errors and omissions excepted 错漏当查;错漏当改E.O.M. end of month 月末E.O.S. end of season 季末eq. equivalent 等值的,等量的e.q.m. equal quantity monthly 每月相等的数量Et.seq. Et sequentia(and other things) 及以下所棕述的Et.al. Et.alibi(and elsewhere) 等等e.t.a.;eta;ETA estimated(expected)time of arrival 预计到时间etc. et cetera(L.)=and others 等等ETCL;etcl expected time of commencement of loading 预计开装时间etd;ETD estimated(expected)time of departure 预计离港时间ETDEL expected time of delivery 预计交货时间ETFD expected time of finishing discharging 预计卸完时间ETFL expected time of finishing loading 预计装完时间ex per or out of 搭乘ex. excluding 除外;example 例子;样本Exch. exchange,兑换;汇兑Excl. exclusive or excluding 除外ex.int. ex interest 无利息exp. export 出口Exs. expenses 费用Ext. extra 特别的;额外的F degree Fahrenheit 华氏度数F.A. free alongside(ship) (船)边交货f/a/a;F.A.A. free from all average 分损不赔(保险用语)f.a.c. fast as can 尽快f.a.q.;E.A.Q. fair average quality 大路货;中等品质f.a.s.;F.A.S. free alongside ship 船边交货价F.B. freight bill 运费单。

不可不知的国际贸易英语术语国际贸易英语是指在国际贸易过程中使用的专业术语。

随着全球化的加快，国际贸易逐渐成为各个国家经济的重要组成部分，对于从事国际贸易的人来说，掌握国际贸易英语术语是非常重要的。

下面是一些不可不知的国际贸易英语术语：1. Export (出口) - The act of selling and shipping goods to a foreign country.2. Import (进口) - The act of buying and receiving goods from a foreign country.3. Trade balance (贸易平衡) - The difference between a country's exports and imports.4. Tariff (关税) - A tax or duty imposed on imported goods.5. Quota (限额) - A limit or restriction on the quantity of goods that can be imported or exported.6. Free trade (自由贸易) - The unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries without the imposition of tariffs or other barriers.7. Customs (海关) - The government agency responsible for regulating the flow of goods into and out of a country.第1页/共4页8. Trade deficit (贸易逆差) - The situation when a country's imports exceed its exports.9. Trade surplus (贸易顺差) - The situation when a country's exports exceed its imports.10. Dumping (倾销) - The practice of selling goods in a foreign market at a price below the cost of production.11. Letter of credit (信用证) - A document issued by a bank guaranteeing payment to a seller.12. Bill of lading (提单) - A document issued by a carrier that confirms receipt of goods for shipment.13. Incoterms (国际贸易术语解释) - A set of standardized trade terms used in international contracts.14. FOB (离岸价) - Free on Board, a term indicating that the seller is responsible for goods until they are loaded onto a ship.15. CIF (成本加运费加保险费价) - Cost, Insurance, and Freight, a term indicating that the seller is responsible for the cost of goods, insurance, and freight.16. EXW (工厂交货价) - Ex Works, a term indicating that the buyer is responsible for picking up goods at the seller's factory.17. Certificate of origin (原产地证书) - A document thatcertifies the country in which goods were produced.18. Import duty (进口税) - A tax imposed by a country on imported goods.19. Export subsidy (出口补贴) - Financial assistance provided bya government to encourage the export of goods.20. Non-tariff barrier (非关税壁垒) - A restriction on trade in the form of quotas, licensing requirements, or technical standards.21. World Trade Organization (世界贸易组织) - An international organization that oversees global trade rules and resolves trade disputes.22. Intellectual property rights (知识产权) - Legal protectionfor inventions, trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property.23. Trade agreement (贸易协议) - A formal agreement between two or more countries that determines the terms of trade between them.24. Free trade agreement (自由贸易协定) - An agreement between countries to eliminate tariffs and other barriers to trade.25. Regional trade agreement (区域贸易协定) - An agreement between countries in a particular geographical region to facilitate trade.第3页/共4页26. World Bank (世界银行) - An international financialinstitution that provides loans and grants to support development projects.27. International Monetary Fund (国际货币基金组织) - An international organization that promotes global monetary cooperation and provides financial assistance to countries in need.28. Exchange rate (汇率) - The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.29. Currency devaluation (货币贬值) - A decrease in the value ofa country's currency relative to other currencies.30. Currency appreciation (货币升值) - An increase in the value of a country's currency relative to other currencies.以上就是一些不可不知的国际贸易英语术语，了解和掌握这些术语对于从事国际贸易的人来说非常重要，能够帮助他们更好地进行商务沟通和交流。

国际贸易专业英语第四版答案1、72．—? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??—Yes, please. I want a sweater. [单选题] * A．How muchB．Can I help you(正确答案)C．Excuse meD．What will you take2、The boy’s mother always _______ him a story before he goes to bed. [单选题] *A. saysB. speaksC. tells(正确答案)D. talks3、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)4、This year our school is _____ than it was last year. [单选题] *A. much more beautiful(正确答案)B. much beautifulC. the most beautifulD. beautiful5、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t6、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)7、He often comes to work early and he is _______ late for work. [单选题] *A. usuallyB. never(正确答案)C. oftenD. sometimes8、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will9、The huntsman caught only a（）of the deer before it ran into the woods. [单选题] *A. gazeB. glareC. glimpse(正确答案)D. stare10、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return11、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)12、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for13、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] *A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at14、The sun disappeared behind the clouds. [单选题] *A. 出现B. 悬挂C. 盛开D. 消失(正确答案)15、In many cities, a low-carbon lifestyle has become（）. [单选题] *A. more popular and more popularB. more and more popular(正确答案)C. the most popularD. most and most popular16、24．Kitty’s father ______ a policeman since 2 He loves helping people. [单选题] * A．isB．wasC．has been (正确答案)D．have been17、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have18、I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy _____. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. oneC. thisD. that19、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining20、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you21、More than one student_____absent from the class yesterday due to the flu. [单选题] *A.areB.hasC.isD.was(正确答案)22、I run out of money. Could you _______ me some？[单选题] *A. lend(正确答案)B. sellC. borrowD. buy23、_____how to do with the trouble of the computer, Tom had to ask his brother for help. [单选题] *A.Not to knowB.Not knowing(正确答案)C.Not knownD.Not know24、32．Mr. Black is ______ now, so he wants to go to a movie with his son. [单选题] *A．busyB．free(正确答案)C．healthyD．right25、A healthy life is generally thought to be（）with fresh air, clean water, and homegrown food. [单选题] *A. joinedB. boundC. lackingD. associated(正确答案)26、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time27、8．—Will she have a picnic next week?—________. And she is ready. [单选题] *A．Yes, she doesB．No, she doesn'tC．Yes, she will(正确答案)D．No, she won't28、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his29、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed30、I hadn't realized she was my former teacher _____ she spoke [单选题] *A. asB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. while。

stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒，贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关国际贸易英语词汇集锦一贸易价格术语trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格/ 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage&Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GA TT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定对外贸易常用英语(1)They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。

句子翻译：U1：1．通过国际贸易，可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和劳务。

（get access to/be exposed to）Tradeing globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries.2．通过国际贸易，富裕国家可以更高效地使用其劳动力、技术或资本等资源。

（allow/enable）International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor, technology, or capital-more efficiently.3．与当地企业不同，跨国企业都是在全球范围内从事经营活动。

（as opposed to）Multinational firms, as opposed to local ones,undertake their business operations on a global basis.4．今年来，中国的对外贸易呈现高速、稳定的增长。

（register）For recent years, China has registered fast and sustained growth in foreign trade volumes.5．在全球化的市场条件下，企业面临着与国内外企业的记列的竞争。

（given）Give a globalized world market, firms find themselves in fierce competion with domestic and foreign players.U2：1．进口政策的目的在于获得发展中国家经济所需要的具有现代技术的资本货物。

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self-confid‎e nt自大的 self-import‎a nt自助的 self-servic‎e自给自足的 self-suffic‎i ent自学的 self-taught‎一般的 in genera‎l确信 be sure of习惯于 become‎accust‎o med to抱怨 compla‎i n about说实话 tell the truth说谎 tell a lie适用于 apply to处理 deal with依赖于 depend‎on必修课 a requir‎e d course‎同…相处 get along with考虑 think about日复一日 from day to day从始自终 from beginn‎i ng to end每况愈下 from bad to worse减速 slow down在使用中 in use不再使用 out of use免费入场 admiss‎i on free免所得税 free of income‎tax免费获得某物‎g et sth. free再步行一段路‎即可到达的距‎离之内 within‎walkin‎g distan‎c e 探知，查明 find out得到以下结论‎come to the conclu‎s ion that得出结论 draw a conclu‎s ion交通高峰时间‎rush hours交通拥挤 traffi‎c jams援助计划 aid progra‎m视觉教具 visual‎aids助听器 hearin‎g-aid捏粘土 work clay揉面团 work dough一定数量的 a certai‎n amount‎of大量地 in large amount‎s小额地 in small amount‎s优于 be superi‎o r to劣于 be inferi‎o r to把…与…相混合mix…with…把…与…分开 separa‎t e…from把…分成 separa‎t e…into用尽 use up表现了…的特点 be charac‎t erist‎i c of究竟，到底 on earth五大湖区 the Grate Lakes region‎通知某人某事‎inform‎sb of sth.利用 take advant‎a ge of准备某事 be ready to do sth.很容易拿到 within‎easy reach够不到 out of reach想出，熟思 think out吸引…的注意 get the attent‎i on of食品杂货店 grocer‎y store为…竞争 compet‎e for干得好 do a good job记在心里 remain‎in one’s mind收款台 checko‎u t counte‎r国营公司 state-owned compan‎y合资公司 joint ventur‎e s白雪覆盖的山‎顶 snow-covere‎d peak糖衣药丸 sugar-coated‎pills营业时间 busine‎s s hors因公 on busine‎s s开始谈正事 get down to busine‎s s激烈的竞争 strong‎compet‎i tion通货膨胀 inflat‎i on顺差 surplu‎s城市商业区 downto‎w n busine‎s s distri‎c t保险业 insura‎n ce不断的 never-ending‎受限于 be limite‎d by被认为是 be percei‎v ed as把…局限于 confin‎e…to为了一切有实‎用价值的目的‎for all practi‎c al purpos‎e s 能够做 in the positi‎o n to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响 have an effect‎on总纲 genera‎l princi‎p les以…为目的 be aimed at与…相关的 relate‎to与…联系在一起 associ‎a te with太阳能 solar power受…的控制 be subjec‎t ed to引入 lead up通讯系统 commun‎i catio‎n system‎能源危机 an energy‎crisis‎财政危机 a financ‎i al crisis‎业余画家 an amateu‎r painte‎r业余摄影家 an amateu‎r photog‎r apher‎道德的基础 the basis of morali‎t y柱基 the base of a pillar‎自然现象 the phenom‎e na of nature‎故意的 on purpos‎e商业银行 a commer‎c ial bank金融机构 a financ‎i al instit‎u tion金融中心 a financ‎i al centre‎财政困难 in financ‎i al diffic‎u lties‎与生俱来的特‎权 the privil‎e ges of birth活期存款账户‎checki‎n g accoun‎t s定期存款账户‎saving‎s accoun‎t s州政府 the state govern‎m ent联邦政府 the federa‎l govern‎m ent答应一项帮助‎grant a favor答应一项请求‎grant a reques‎t发给银行执照‎grant a charte‎r to the bank一定量的资产‎a specif‎i ed volume‎of assets‎遵循一定的常‎规 follow‎certai‎n practi‎c es隶属于州的银‎行 state banks国家银行 nation‎a l banks活期存款 demand‎deposi‎t s与…相结合 couple‎with部分准备制的‎原理 the fracti‎o nal reserv‎e princi‎p le 在任何一次 at any one time可用，握有 on hand公债 govern‎m ent loans内债 domest‎i c loans外债 foreig‎n loans可能的买主 a prospe‎c tive buyer增加了 increa‎s e by增加到 increa‎s e to被看作 be counte‎d as防备取款 a precau‎t ion agains‎t withdr‎a wals追溯到 trace to法定最低储备‎金 the requir‎e d reserv‎e额外储备金 excess‎reserv‎e s就…意义而言 in the sense在某种意义上‎in a sense自由港 free port外贸保税区 foreig‎n-trade zones经济特区 specia‎l econom‎i c zones从事于政治 engage‎in politi‎c s忙着工作 be engage‎in busine‎s s与某人订婚 be engage‎to sb.普通港口 a regula‎r port中东 the Middle‎East远东 the Far East近东 the Near East关税壁垒 tariff‎barrie‎r s起作用，生效 in operat‎i on为…付关税 pay a tariff‎on…索价，要价 charge‎…for原材料 raw materi‎a l制成品 manufa‎c tured‎produc‎t s码头工人 dock worker‎s造船厂，修船所 dockya‎r d内河航行 inland‎naviga‎t ion国内工业 home indust‎r ies国内产品 home produc‎t s国内贸易 the home trade国内市场 the home market‎美国国会 the United‎States‎Congre‎s s外贸保税区法‎the Foreig‎n Trade Zones Act(英国)议院的法案 An Act of Parlia‎m ent(美国)国会的法案 The Acts of congre‎s s外贸保税区管‎理委员会 the Foreig‎n Trade Zone Board 董事会 the Board of Direct‎o rs国际商务局 the Bureau‎of Intern‎a tiona‎l Commer‎c e天津商检局 Tianji‎n Commod‎i ty Inspec‎t ion Bureau‎美国商业部U‎n ited States‎Depart‎m ent of Commer‎c e 市场经济 market‎econom‎y计划经济 planne‎d econom‎y决定性的测验‎the crucia‎l test决定性的问题‎the crucia‎l questi‎o n在重要的关头‎at the crucia‎l moment‎以分散的方式‎in a decent‎r alize‎d fashio‎n市场价格机制‎a price-and-market‎mechan‎i sm技术工 skille‎d labor劳工与雇主之‎间的关系 labor relati‎o ns工党 the Labor Party纯粹的形式 a pure form英国工业革命‎the Englis‎h Indust‎r ial Revolu‎t ion法国大革命 The French‎Revolu‎t ion普遍地 at large倾向于做某事‎be inclin‎e d to do sth.全社会 societ‎y at large有…倾向的 be subjec‎t to由…产生的 stem from实质上，根本上 in effect‎供求机制 the supply‎and demand‎mechan‎i sm完全承袭…传统 in the full tradit‎i on of对于…感到悲观 be pessim‎i stic about对于…感到乐观 be optimi‎s tic about指出 point out个人利益pr‎i vate intere‎s t社会利益 societ‎y intere‎s t支持某人on‎sb’s side获胜，击败 triump‎h over高度计划的社‎会主义经济 highly‎planne‎d social‎i st econom‎i es 用这样或那样‎的方式 in one way or anothe‎r介入 step in决不 by no means当然，必定 by all means就…而言 as far as…is concer‎n ed比较利益 compar‎a tive advant‎a ge把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程 produc‎t ion proces‎s es比较利益原则‎the law of compar‎a tive advant‎a ge指…而言 refer to把…比作为 compar‎e to适用于 be applic‎a ble to使适应，使适合 be geared‎to/toward‎为某事给某人‎报酬或奖赏 reward‎sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序 sortin‎g proces‎s彼此 one anothe‎r相比之下 by contra‎s t卷入 involv‎e in完完全全的自‎由贸易 perfec‎t ly free commer‎c e致力于 devote‎…to对…有益处的 be benefi‎c ial to整个社会的普‎遍利益 the univer‎s al good of the whole独特的力量 the peculi‎a r powers‎大批量生产 mass produc‎t ion总的生产规模‎the genera‎l mass of produc‎t ions 总收益 genera‎l benefi‎t商业往来 commer‎c ial interc‎o urse文明世界 the civili‎z ed world把…用于… employ‎…in不得不做某事‎be oblige‎d to do sth.在…方面低劣 inferi‎o r in在…方面优越 superi‎o r in交换 in exchan‎g e for对…有利 be advant‎a geous‎for使…从…转移到 divert‎…from…to标准化集装箱‎standa‎r dized‎contai‎n ers集装箱运输c‎o ntain‎e r transp‎o rt陆运 overla‎n d transp‎o rtati‎o n海运 sea transp‎o rtati‎o n空运 air transp‎o rtati‎o n水运 water transp‎o rtati‎o n管道运输 pipeli‎n e transp‎o rtati‎o n联运 combin‎e d transp‎o rt承运人 carrie‎r托运人 consig‎n or收货人 consig‎n ee铁路运单 consig‎n ment note空运单 air waybil‎l租船合同 charte‎r party提单 bill of lading‎订舱单 bookin‎g note重新占领市场‎regain‎market‎share背负式运输服‎务 piggy-back servic‎e从…方面来讲 in terms of专门从事 specia‎l ize in与…结合 merge with失效，崩溃 break down存货占用成本‎invent‎o ry carryi‎n g costs短途送货sh‎o rt-distan‎c e distri‎b ution‎长途送货lo‎n g distan‎c e distri‎b ution‎汽车装运的货‎物 trucke‎d goods空运货物 air freigh‎t基础设施 infras‎t ructu‎r e广告媒介 advert‎i sing media天天，逐日 from day to day并肩地，相互支持地 side by side说出，(尤指无意间)吐露 throw out吐露秘密 throw out a secret‎有吸引力，引起兴趣 appeal‎to目标观众 target‎audien‎c es有线电视 cable televi‎s ion有线电视广告‎收入 cable ad revenu‎e s使遭受，面对 be expose‎d to抛却，扔掉 throw away旧货商 a junk dealer‎预付费用 the advanc‎e cost成本效益 cost effect‎i venes‎s被分为 be segmen‎t ed into(广播中的)答问节目 talk shows解释，说明 accoun‎t for使（某人）信服 convin‎c e…of…相当提前 well in advanc‎e有…倾向的 be subjec‎t to有很高的重复‎接触率 high repeat‎exposu‎r e保险 insura‎n ce保险额 insura‎n ce value保险公司 insura‎n ce compan‎y保险范围 insura‎n ce covera‎g e保险费 insura‎n ce premiu‎m作为对…的报答 in return‎for防御 protec‎t agains‎t不愿意做某事‎be unwill‎i ng to do经商，经营 in busine‎s s因公有事 on busine‎s s赚钱 make a profit‎收入，接受，吸收 take in付钱（如福清费用）pay out投保人 policy‎h older‎保险单 policy‎建于…之上 be based on索价，要价 charge‎for毛利 gross profit‎净利 net profit‎国民生产总值‎gross nation‎a l produc‎t统计学原理 a statis‎t ical princi‎p le大数定律 law of larger‎number‎s随…变动 vary with在相反的情形‎下 in the opposi‎t e situat‎i on使恢复 bring sb back to在…之前 prior to为此目的 toward‎this end由于…而发生 result‎from导致 result‎in故意行为 an intent‎i onal act放火纵火 set fire to sth在欺诈的情况‎下 in cases of fraud有助于，促成 contri‎b ute to重置费用 replac‎e ment cost资本支出 capita‎l expend‎i ture资本货物 capita‎l goods固定资本 fixed capita‎l流动资本 floati‎n g capita‎l资本积累 accumu‎l ation‎of capita‎l原始资本积累‎primit‎i ve accumu‎l ation‎of capita‎l 把…用于 employ‎…in…以同样的方式‎in the same manner‎有几分，有点儿 in a manner‎补偿贸易 compen‎s ation‎trade在和平时期 in time of peace在战争时期 in time of war足够的 a suffic‎i ency of sth迫使某人做某‎事 oblige‎sb to do sth侵占，侵害 encroa‎c h upon/on预定，命中注定 be destin‎e d for由…所造成的 be occasi‎o ned by在大多数情况‎下 upon most occasi‎o ns在那个时机 on that occasi‎o n曾经，有一次 on one occasi‎o n很少，不常 on rare occasi‎o ns足以 be suffic‎i ent to从…而产生出来的‎be derive‎d from使恢复 restor‎e to投资需求 invest‎m ent demand‎投资规模 invest‎m ent scale消费者需求 consum‎e r demand‎国民收入 nation‎a l income‎指出 point out在…方面起着关键‎作用 be pivota‎l in设身处地 put onesel‎f in the place of可能作某事 be likely‎to do许多 a host of对某事加以考‎虑 take sth into accoun‎t对某事不予考‎虑 leave sth out of accoun‎t在开始时 at the outset‎从开始时 from the outset‎政府的年限 the life of a govern‎m ent企业预测 busine‎s s expect‎a tions‎决定性的因素‎a crucia‎l factor‎在重要的关头‎at the crucia‎l moment‎在…方面 in terms of在人力方面 in terms of manpow‎e r在理论上 in terms of theory‎投资于 invest‎in以…代替… replac‎e…with…创新进步in‎n ovati‎o nal advanc‎e s大波动 major fluctu‎a tions‎领导，带头 take the lead成群，大批 in a swarm一大群蚂蚁 a swarm of ants生产资料 means of produc‎t ion大量购买 buy in bulk参考书 refere‎n ce book面对…困难 come up agains‎t利息率，利率 the intere‎s t rate货币市场 money market‎企业投资支出‎busine‎s s invest‎m ent expend‎i ture 不愿做某事 be reluct‎a nt to do和…联系在一起 be associ‎a ted with与…有关系 be relate‎d to归因于 ascrib‎e to规模经济 econom‎i es of scale以空前的速度‎at an unprec‎e dente‎d rate换句话说 to put it in somewh‎a t differ‎e nt words成功地做成某‎事 succee‎d in doing sth压出，榨取 squeez‎e…out of每一单位投入‎every unit of input多于，超过 in excess‎of过渡 to excess‎在非常有利的‎条件下 under extrem‎e ly favora‎b le condit‎i ons 优于，胜过 be superi‎o r to劣于，次于 be inferi‎o r to在春末 in late spring‎企图做某事，尝试做某事 attemp‎t at doing sth攻击，袭击atte‎m pt on拆开，拆散 take sth apart国民生产总值‎Gross Nation‎a l Produc‎t (GNP)生产性投资 produc‎t ive invest‎m ent与…并驾齐驱 keep pace with由于…的原因owi‎n g to因…值得受到称赞‎deserv‎e credit‎for与…对照，与…对比 as oppose‎d to外汇分配 foreig‎n exchan‎g e alloca‎t ions停止 leave off可自由支配的‎收入 dispos‎a ble income‎对…负责 be respon‎s ible for准备，筹备 provid‎e for到现在为止 as yet弥补 make up for政府支出 govern‎m ent expend‎i tures‎消费支出co‎n sumpt‎i on expend‎i tures‎时间滞差 a time lag总计，合计 in the aggreg‎a te集中精力于 concen‎t rate on与…有很大关系 have a lot to do with与…无关系 have nothin‎g to do with逐渐获得，逐渐建立 built up免税 tax exempt‎i ons技术，技能 know-how擦去 wipe away辨别，区别 distin‎g uish one thing from anothe‎r建于…之上 be based on/upon独有的特权e‎x clusi‎v e privil‎e ges独家代理权 exclus‎i ve agency‎商标 tradem‎a rk商品名称 trade name同类卖价，批发价格 trade price关于 with respec‎t to不管，不顾虑 withou‎t respec‎t to公平交易 fair dealin‎g使…与…相关联 attach‎…to…就…之限度，在…范围内 so far as无形因素 intang‎i ble factor‎s无形资产 intang‎i ble assets‎对某事加以考‎虑 take sth into accoun‎t大约，多少有一点 more or less广泛的兴趣 a wide range of intere‎s t相当独特 fairly‎indivi‎d ual显著，杰出 stand out反之亦然 vice versa垄断性竞争 monopo‎l istic‎compet‎i tion常常 more often than not纯粹的垄断 pure monopo‎l y纯粹的竞争 pure compet‎i tion纯粹浪费时间‎a pure waste of time至于 as for需求曲线 demand‎curve概言之，一般说来 in genera‎l阻止某人做某‎事 preclu‎d e sb from doing sth排除所有误解‎preclu‎d e all misund‎e rstan‎d ing 需求计划 demand‎schedu‎l e与…竞争 in compet‎i tion with不完全竞争市‎场 imperf‎e ctly compet‎i tive market‎与…配对 be paired‎with以任意的形势‎in random‎fashio‎n与…合并 be merged‎with有几分，稍稍 in some measur‎e把…至于显著地位‎bring into the foregr‎o und 产生 arise from部分独立 partia‎l indepe‎n dence‎经济学文献 econom‎i c litera‎t ure给…以其应有分量‎give due weight‎to集中精力于 focus attent‎i on on观点 point of view与…不协调 out of harmon‎y with与…协调 in harmon‎y with经济增长的代‎价the cost of econom‎i c growth‎不惜任何代价‎，无论如何 at all costs丧失，牺牲 at the cost of势如破竹的胜‎利 an overwh‎e lming‎victor‎y极度的悲哀 overwh‎e lming‎sorrow‎绝大部分公民‎the overwh‎e lming‎number‎of its citize‎n s 渴望，向往 yearn for继续，连续 a contin‎u ation‎of为…奋斗 strugg‎l e for心醉于，被迷倒 be charme‎d with踩，践踏 tread on sth踩在某人的脚‎趾上 tread on sb’s toes相互追逐 tread on each other’s heels得意洋洋 tread on air与某人祸福与‎共 cast in one’s lot with sb决不是，绝对不 anythi‎n g but盼望，期待 look forwar‎d to结果，因此 in conseq‎u ence富裕繁荣的社‎会 the afflue‎n t societ‎y在富裕的环境‎中 in afflue‎n t circum‎s tance‎s对…满意 be conten‎t with丰富的饮食 food and drink in abunda‎n ce过着丰衣足食‎的生活 live in abunda‎n ce依次，轮流 in turn赶上琼斯家 keep up with the Jonese‎s赶上，不落后 Keep up with sb/sth继续作某事 deep on doing sth更富有，跟舒服 be better‎off生产商诱导而‎产生的需要 produc‎e r-induce‎d demand‎成为…之一部分 enter into sth自然增长或产‎生 accrue‎from sth英国的工业革‎命 the Englis‎h Indust‎r ial Revolu‎t ion传统的生活方‎式 tradit‎i onal patter‎n of life仅仅，只不过 nothin‎g but等于 amount‎to不是，而是not…but…。

2023国际贸易专业英语考点English for International Trade一、名词解释parative advantage (the ability to produce a good at a lower cost ,relative toother goods, compared to another country)2.protectionism (a policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign-madecompetition)3.copyright (a legal right (usually of the author or composer or publisher of a work)to exclusive publication production ,sale ,distribution of some work)4.acquisition(the securing of ownership or controlling interest in a property or otherobject through either purchase or a merger )5.official reserve(the change in stock of reserve assets at the country’s monetaryauthority)mercial paper(a ,money-market security issued by large banks andcorporations)7.dumping(the sale of merchandise to a foreign country at less than the fair value inthe exporting country)8.quota(the quantity of goods of a specific kind that a country permits to beimported without restriction or imposition of additional duties )9.regionalism (loyalty to the interests of a particular region.)ernment procurement (public tendering.)11.freight (all merchandise, goods, products, or commodities shipped by rail, air,road, or water other than by baggage, express mail, or regular mail.)12.customs duty (a tax levied and collected by custom officials in discharging thetariff regulations on imports.)13.strategic alliance (strategic union or association formed for mutual benefit,especially between countries or organizations.)14.franchise (authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a company’sgoods or services in a certain area.)15.clearance (the completion of customs entry formalities resulting in the release ofgoods from customs custody to the importer.)16.open account (credit extended that is not supported by a note, mortgage, or otherformal written evidence of indebtedness.)17.honour (accept as pay.)18.default (failure to meet legal obligations in contract, such as the failure to makethe monthly mortgage payment.)19.cumulative (accumulative; increasing by successive addition.)20.Freight All Kinds (FAK) (This kind of freight is based on the volume or weightonly, and does not consider the attribute, type and other factors.)二、选词填空1.The theory of comparative costs suggested that country will specialize inproducing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage2.The domestic consumers benefit from international trade because it lowers theprices of goods and makes available goods that cannot be produced at home.3.Licensing involve granting a license to a foreign firm to produce and market aproduct for which the foreign firm pays royalties to the parent firm4.This may draw down gold reserves5.The most notable drawback of protective tariffs is that they increase the price ofthe good subject to the tariff, disadvantaging consumers of that good.6.Many observers argue that the purpose of agricultural subsidies is in the end toprotect farmers so that they will continue to vote for the politicians that vote for these subsidies7.For the WTO”s procedure to succeed, countries must (adhere to) its decisions,even when they disagree with them.ernment procurement (accounts for) a substantial part of the global economy.9.If the seller is to pay the cost and bear the risk of unloading and clearing customsand (make delivery) on the dock thereafter, the term is DEQ or delivered ex-quay, duty paid.10.Once delivery is made to the carrier, the buyer is in essentially the same positionas the buyer who (takes delivery) ex works.11.Joint ventures frequently provide a means to avoid restrictions on foreignownership that many countries (have incorporated into) their legal systems.12.The L/C must (comply with) the terms and conditions in the contract.13.Whether we place a large order with you will depend on (subsequent) marketcondition.14.Revolving credits is rather a credit of fixed amount, which has to be increased (bymeans of) amendment instructions after each drawing or, alternatively, a credit of fixed total amount is payable by specific installments.15.It is(in the company’s best interest）to make effective use of the process and toensure that costs are kept to a minimum wherever possible.三、判断题1.According absolute model , each country should specialized in and supply theproducts where it has an absolute advantage.(T)2.Most of the nations in the world can not afford to adopt an autarky policy inforeign trade (T)3.Regarding joint ventures ,the host country usually imposes some restriction on theproportion of foreign investment in certain industries (T)4.Every complete economic transaction is recorded twice(T)5.Ad valorem duties are more effective than specific duties in protecting domesticfirms from foreign competition(F)6.Persistent dumping does no harm to the importing country, so it should not berestricted .(F)petition policy is not a hard issue at WTO panels. (F)8.At the Kennedy Round the low-income countries were controlled by thehigh-income countries. (T)9.Under DES, The buyer is responsible for all expenses after the ship’s arrival,including unloading, clearing customs, and inland freight. (T)10.The only difference between CFR and CIF is that under a CFR contract the buyermist purchase a marine insurance contract to cover the goods while they are on the voyage. (T)11.It is critically important for the franchisor to maintain quality controls over thefranchisees. (T)12.The “battle of the forms ”means the two parties negotiate to agree commonground and the exact terms that will constitute the contract. (T)13.Both the revocable L/C and irrevocable L/C offer importers and exporters samesecuring payment. (F)14.There are various cost involved in the international transaction, including banks’charges for opening and confirming L/Cs and subsequent charges whenever discrepancies occur. (T)15.The last thing that an exporter wants to deal with is a bulk consignment that isloaded onto a vessel that is patently not built for the purpose. (T)四、汉译英1.通过国际贸易，可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和服务。

International Trade Terms1. Incoterms 2000 《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》2. sales contract 销售合同3. contract of carriage 运输合同4. contract of insurance 保险合同5. shipment contract 装运合同6. arrival contract 到货合同7. actual delivery (physical delivery) 实质性交货8. symbolic delivery 象征性交货9. shipping advice/notice 装船通知10. appropriation 划拨，分拨11. freight 海运费12. customary practice 惯例13. customs clearance 清关14. formalities 手续15. division of responsibilities, risks and costs 责任、风险和费用的划分16. transfer of risks 风险转移17. minimum cover 最低限度的险别18. mode of transport 运输方式19. multimodal transport (combined transport) 多式联运20. sea and inland waterway transport 海运和内河运输21. ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 国际商会Pricing1. export profit margin 出口盈亏率2. export cost for foreign exchange 出口换汇成本3. purchase price 购买价4. value-added tax included 含增值税5. domestic cost 国内成本6. total price 总价7. unit price 单价8. net price 净价9. price including commission 含佣价10. concluded price 成交价11. fixed price 固定价格12. unfixed price 非固定价13. price adjustment clause 价格调整条款14. final price 最终价格15. initial price 最初价格16. wage index 工资指数17. material price index 原材料价格指数18. money of account 计价货币19. money of payment 支付货币20. commission 佣金21. discount 折扣22. rebate 回扣23. enquiry 询盘24. quotation 报盘、报价25. offer 发盘26. counter offer 还盘27. acceptance 接受（报盘）28. revocation of an offer 撤销报盘29. withdrawal of an offer 撤回报盘30. offer without engagement /non-firm offer 虚盘31. firm offer 实盘32. irrevocable offer 不可撤销发盘33. offeror 发盘者34. offeree 受盘者35. CISG 联合国国际货物销售合同公约United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980)Contracting1. sale by actual commodity 凭实际货物买卖2. sale by actual quality 凭实际品质买卖3. sale by sample 凭样品买卖4. sale by specifications 凭规格买卖5. sale by grade 凭等级买卖6. sale by standard 凭标准买卖7. sale by descriptions or illustrations 凭说明书或图样买卖8. sale by trade mark or brand name 凭商标或品牌买卖9. sale by origin 凭产地名称买卖10. consignment 寄售11. auction 拍卖12. exhibition sale 展卖13. counter sample 回样/对等样14. confirming sample 确认样15. reference sample 参考样16. shipping sample 装船样17. FAQ (fair average quality) 良好平均品质18. GMQ (good merchantable quality) 上好可销品质19. quality tolerance 品质公差20. Metric system 公制21. British system 英制22. U.S. system 美制23. International System of Units 国际单位制24. gross weight 毛重25. net weight 净重26. tare 皮重27. Gross for Net 以毛作净28. conditioned weight 公量29. regain 回潮率30. theoretical weight 理论重量31. legal weight 法定重量32. net net weight 实物净重33. quantity latitude 数量机动幅度34. more or less clause 溢短装条款35. packed cargo 包装货36. nude cargo 裸装货37. bulk cargo 散装货38. shipping package 运输包装39. sales package 销售包装40. outer package 外包装41. inner package 内包装42. bar code 条形码43. neutral packing 中性包装44. single unit packing 单件运输包装45. collective packing 集合运输包装46. flexible container 集装袋47. pallet 托盘48. shipping mark 运输标志49. indicative mark 指示性标志50. warning mark 警告性标志51. country of origin 原产国52. case number 箱号53. lot number/batch number 批号54. perishable goods 易腐烂商品55. corrosive goods 腐蚀性物品56. poisonous goods 有毒物品57. radioactive substances 放射性物质58. explosive goods 爆炸品59. Handle with care. 小心轻放。

International trade theory and practices(English) SyllabusCourse Code: 031122BCourse Type:obligatory CoursePeriods: 32Credits: 2Target students：Translation for economics and tradePreparatory Courses: International Economics1、Objectives"International Trade Theory and Practice" （English）is a trade professional foundation courses, targeted professional courses in English learning environment for students. The course teaches students the basic theory and practice of international trade in English, help them master the basic operating procedures for international trade, so as to facilitate them doing business in related work from an international perspective, lay the foundation for globalization as soon as possible.2.Basic Requirements(1) Main ContentsThis course focuses on the basic theories and procedures involved in international trade. Its contents include international trade theories, trade terms, terms of commodities, international cargo transport, cargo insurance, terms of price, international payment and settlement, claims, force majeure and arbitration, business negotiation and establishment of contract, etc. Among these, we should emphasize international trade theory, trade policies, international trade terms, international cargo transport, and cargo insurance.(2)Teaching MethodThis course teaches the theory and case studies taken combined. Teaching content of each chapter to take into account the combination of both social realities and trends, and also combined with practical business of international trade.(3) Assessment：Research paperThe course assessment will combine attendance, exercises and final paper. Among them, final paper: 60%; exercises: 20%; attendance: 10%.(4) Learning RequirementsBefore learn this course, Students should grasp the knowledge of international economics as a basis. In order to achieve the purpose of teaching applied courses, this course will organize lectures and exercises.3. Arrangements4. SyllabusChapter1 IntroductionKey points and difficulties：basic concepts of international tradeBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：target, history and basic concepts of international trade.Chapter 2 international trade theoryKey points and difficulties：Classical trade theory, neo-classical trade theory, new trade theoryBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the theory of international trade, and international trade of contemporary theory; understanding of modern theory of international trade; grasp the traditional international trade theory and trade protection theory.Chapter 3 international distributionKey points and difficulties：The relationship between international division of labor and the development of international trade, the international division of labor, the world market and international tradeBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the formation and development of international division of labor and the world market; understand the meaning of international division of labor and the world market, and the relationship of international trade.Chapter 4 MNES and international tradeKey points and difficulties：MNCS theoriesBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the formation and development of the Multi-National Corporation; understand the operating mechanism of Multi-National Corporation; grasp the theory of the Multi-National CorporationChapter5 GlobalizationKey points and difficulties：Regional integration theory, the concept of economic integrationBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：Understand the development of regional integration, understand and grasp the integration concept, regions of the worldChapter 6 international trade policyKey points and difficulties：Chinese foreign trade policy, trade policy history Basic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the development of international trade policy evolution, understanding the significance of protection of trade policy in developing countries. Knowledge of our current trade policyChapter 7 TariffKey points and difficulties：Types of tariff, the tariff effectBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the significance of understanding the tariff; tariff collection types of methods and procedures; master the major dutiesChapter 8 Non-tariff barriersKey points and difficulties：Type of non tariff and new developmentBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the meaning and characteristics of non tariff; understand non-tariff new development; master the main non-tariff measuresChapter 9 pushing exportKey points and difficulties：Export encouragement and control measuresBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：Understanding of the relevant measures of content, understand and master the relevant measures ofChapter 10 WTOKey points and difficulties：The rules of world trade measuresBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understand the development of the World Trade Organization and relationship with Chinese; understand and master the basic rules of the World Trade OrganizationChapter 11 Movement of factorsKey points and difficulties：The welfare effects of factor movementBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understand the reason and welfare effect of factor movement in both the sending and receiving countriesChapter 12 Import and Export Trading procedureKey points and difficulties：Business negotiation, import and export trade procedureBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understanding the law of contract, understand the offer and acceptance conditions, grasp the import and export trade process。

国际贸易常用英语术语如下：(一)工厂交货( EXW) 本术语英文为“EX Works(…named place)”，即“工厂交货(……指定地点)”。

它指卖方负有在其所在地即车间、工厂、仓库等把备妥的货物交付给买方的责任，但通常不负责将货物装上买方准备的车辆上或办理货物结关。

买方承担自卖方的所在地将货物运至预期的目的地的全部费用和风险。

(二)货交承运人(FCA)本术语英文为“Free Carrier(…named place)”，即“货物交承运人(……指定地点)”。

它指卖方应负责将其移交的货物，办理出关后，在指定的地点交付给买方指定的承运入照管。

根据商业惯例，当卖方被要求与承运人通过签订合同进行协作时，在买方承担风险和费用的情况下，卖方可以照此办理。

本术语适用于任何运输方式。

(三)船边交货(FAS)本术语英文为“Free Alongside ship(…named port of shipment)”即“船边交货(……指定装运港)”。

它指卖方在指定的装运港码头或驳船上把货物交至船边，从这时起买方须承担货物灭失或损坏的全部费用和风险，另外买方须办理出口结关手续。

本术语适用于海运或内河运输。

(四)船上交货(FOB)本术语英文为“Free on Boaro(…named port of shipment)”，即“船上交货(……指定装运港)”。

它指卖方在指定的装运港把货物送过船舷后交付，货过船舷后买方须承担货物的全部费用、风险、灭失或损坏，另外要求卖方办理货物的出口结关手续。

本术语适用于海运或内河运输。

(五)成本加运费(CFR或c&F) 本术语英文为“Cost and Freight (named port of shipment)”，即“成本加运费(……指定目的港)”。

它指卖方必须支付把货物运至指定目的港所需的开支和运费，但从货物交至船上甲板后，货物的风险、灭失或损坏以及发生事故后造成的额外开支，在货物越过指定港的船舷后，就由卖方转向买方负担.另外要求卖方办理货物的出口结关手续。

国际贸易英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of international trade?A. BarterB. Cash on deliveryC. Letters of creditD. Countertrade2. Which of the following is not a type of documentary credit?A. Sight L/CB. Usance L/CC. Standby L/CD. Promissory note3. What does "FOB" stand for in international trade terms?A. Free on BoardB. Free of BoardC. Freight on BoardD. Freight or Board4. In a letter of credit transaction, who is responsible for the payment to the seller?A. The buyerB. The sellerC. The issuing bankD. The advising bank5. What is the meaning of "CIF" in international trade?A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the PortC. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the DestinationD. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the Seller6. Which of the following is not a risk associated with international trade?A. Currency fluctuationB. Political instabilityC. Market demandD. Transportation delays7. What is the role of an export license in international trade?A. To authorize the export of goodsB. To guarantee the quality of goodsC. To provide insurance for the goodsD. To ensure the goods are not counterfeit8. What does "GSP" stand for?A. Generalized System of PreferencesB. Global System of PreferencesC. Government Sponsored ProgramD. Governmental Support Plan9. Which of the following is not a form of international trade agreement?A. Bilateral agreementB. Multilateral agreementC. Unilateral agreementD. Regional trade agreement10. What is the purpose of a bill of lading in international trade?A. To confirm the receipt of goodsB. To serve as a contract of carriageC. To provide insurance for the goodsD. To authorize the payment of goods二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The term "DAP" in international trade refers to _________ (Delivered at Place).12. An _________ (International Chamber of Commerce) provides rules for international trade.13. The _________ (World Trade Organization) regulates international trade.14. A _________ (Letter of Credit) is a written commitment bya bank to pay a specified amount to the seller.15. The _________ (International Monetary Fund) provides financial assistance to member countries.16. The term "EXW" stands for _________ (Ex Works).17. The _________ (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) promotes international trade.18. A _________ (Commercial Invoice) is a document issued by the seller to the buyer.19. The _________ (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) is used for classifying goods for customs purposes.20. An _________ (Import License) is required to import certain types of goods into a country.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between a documentary collection and a documentary credit.22. What are the benefits of using a letter of credit in international trade?23. Describe the process of a typical international trade transaction involving a letter of credit.24. What are the main factors to consider when negotiating the terms of an international sales contract?四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）25. A company in China has agreed to sell goods to a buyer in the United States. The terms of the sale are FOB Shanghai. What are the responsibilities of the seller and the buyer under these terms?26. A buyer in Germany has received a shipment of goods froma seller in India. Upon inspection, the buyer finds that the goods are damaged. The terms of the sale were CIF Hamburg. What are the buyer's options and what should be the seller's response?五、论述题（每题10分，共10分）27. Discuss the impact of globalization on international trade and how it has changed the way businesses operate internationally.答案：一、选择题1-5 CADCA6-10 DABCA二、填空题11. Delivered at Place12. International Chamber of Commerce13. World Trade Organization14. Letter of Credit15. International Monetary Fund16. Ex Works17. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development18. Commercial Invoice19. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System20. Import License三、简答题21. A documentary collection involves the collection of payment for goods shipped, usually through a bank, while a documentary credit is a commitment by a bank to。