机械设计外文翻译--- 轴承的摩擦与润滑

（整理）各种轴承英文翻译.ACBB 深沟球轴承CRB 滚柱轴承NRB 滚针轴承SRB 调心轴承TRB 圆锥滚子轴承SRB 剖分式圆柱滚子轴承NCF 单列满滚子圆柱滚子轴承DGBB 深沟球轴承各种轴承英文翻一．轴承：(一)滚动轴承总论1. 滚动轴承rolling bearing在支承负荷和彼此相对运动的零件间作滚动运动的轴承，它包括有滚道的零件和带或不带隔离或引导件的滚动体组。

可用于承受径向、轴向或径向与轴向的联合负荷。

2. 单列轴承single row bearing具有一列滚动体的滚动轴承。

3. 双列轴承double row bearing具有两列滚动体的滚动轴承。

4. 多列轴承multi-row bearing具有多于两列的滚动体，承受同一方向负荷的滚动轴承，最好是指出列数及轴承类型，例如："四列向心圆柱滚子轴承"。

5. 满装滚动体轴承full complement bearing无保持架的轴承，每列滚动体周向间的间隙总和小于滚动体的直径并尽可能小，以使轴承有良好的性能。

6. 角接触轴承angular contact bearing公称接触角大于0°而小于90°的滚动轴承。

7. 调心轴承self-aligning bearing一滚道是球面形的，能适应两滚道轴心线间的角偏差及角运动的轴承。

8. 可分离的轴承separable bearing具有可分离部件的滚动轴承。

9. 不可分离轴承non-separable bearing在最终装配后，轴承套圈均不能任意自由分离的滚动轴承。

注：对于不同方法分离零件的轴承，例如有双半套圈（02、01、08）的球轴承不另规定缩略术语。

10. 英制轴承inch bearing原设计时外形尺寸及公差以英制单位表示的滚动轴承。

11. 开型轴承open bearing无防尘盖及密封圈的滚动轴承。

12. 密封圈轴承sealed bearing一面或两面装有密封圈的滚动轴承。

外文原文：LUBRICATION AND JOURNAL BEARINGS1 IntroductionA bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components. The most common bearing application is the support of a rotating shaft which is transmitting power from one location to another; one example is the crankshaft bearings of automatic engine; another example is the shaft bearings used all types of electric motors. Since there is always relative motion between a bearing and its mating surface, friction is involved. In many instances, such as the design of pulleys, brakes and clutches, friction is desirable. However, in the case of bearings, the reduction of friction is one of prime considerations:friction results in loss of power, generation of heat and wear of mating surfaces.Journal and antifriction bearings are the two general types of bearings existence. Journal bearings operate with sliding contact, whereas antifriction bearings experience predominantly rolling contact. The amount of sliding friction in journal bearings depends on the surface finishes, materials, sliding velocities and the type of lubricant used. The principle motion-retarding effect in antifriction bearings is called rolling resistance rather than rolling friction. This is so because the resistance of motion is essentially due to the deformation of the rolling elements and, hence, it is not a sliding phenomenon. Antifriction bearings will be in chapter 1.4.To reduce the problems associated with sliding friction in journal bearings, a lubricant is used in conjunction with compatible mating materials. When selecting the lubricant and mating materials, one must take into account bearing pressures, temperatures and rubbing velocities.The principle function of the lubricant in sliding contact bearings is to prevent physical contact between the rubbing surfaces. Thus the maintenance of an oil film under varying loads, speeds and temperature is the prime consideration in sliding contact bearings.2 Theory of FrictionFriction is the resistance one part exerts on a second part when relative sliding motion occurs or is attempted. Thus friction takes place whenever two surfaces rub together. The cause of friction is the inevitable interlocking of the tiny irregularities of the two mating surfaces. A force is required to deform the tiny peaks and valleys topermit motion.When a block of weight W rests on a horizontal fixed surface, a force P is applied to the block. Initially, P equals zero, but its value constantly increases as a function of time. Due to friction, a force F is created between block and fixed surface. The direction of the frictional force, F, is opposite that of P, because friction always opposes motion or attempted motion. Also note that the normal force, N, acting perpendicular to the mating surface is equal and opposite to the weight, W, of the block.Rolling Contact BearingsThe concern of a machine designer with ball and roller bearings is fivefold as follows:(a) life in relation to load; (b) stiffness, i. e. deflections under load; (c) friction;(d) wear; (e) noise. For moderate loads and speeds the correct selection of a standard bearing on the basis of load rating will become important where loads are high, although this is usually of less magnitude than that of the shafts or other components associated with the bearing. Where speeds are high special cooling arrangements become necessary which may increase frictional drag. Wear is primarily associated with the introduction of contaminants, and sealing arrangements must be chosen with regard to the hostility of the environment.Because the high quality and low price of ball and roller bearings depends on quantity production, the task of the machine designer becomes one of selection rather than design. Rolling-contact bearings are generally made with steel which is through-hardened to about 900 HV, although in many mechanisms special races are not provided and the interacting surfaces are hardened to about 600 HV. It is not surprising that, owing to the high stresses involved, a predominant form of failure should be metal fatigue, and a good deal of work is based on accepted values of life and it is general practice in the bearing industry to define the load capacity of the bearing as that value below which 90 per cent of a batch will exceed a life of one million revolutions.Notwithstanding the fact that responsibility for the basic design of ball and roller bearings rests with the bearing manufacturer, the machine designer must form a correct appreciation of the duty to be performed by the bearing and be concerned not only with bearing selection but with the conditions for correct installation.The fit of the bearing races onto the shaft or onto the housings is of criticalimportance because of their combined effect on the internal clearance of the bearing as well as preserving the desired degree of interference fit. Inadequate interference can induce serious trouble from fretting corrosion. The inner race is frequently located axially by abutting against a shoulder. A radius at this point is essential for the avoidance of stress concentration and ball races are provided with a radius or chamfer to allow space for this.Where life is not the determining factor in design, it is usual to determine maximum loading by the amount to which a bearing will deflect under load. Thus the concept of “static load-carrying capacity” is understood to mean the load that can be applied to a bearing, which is either stationary or subject to slight swiveling motions, without impairing its running qualities for subsequent rotational motion. This has been determined by practical experience as the load which when applied to a bearing results in a total deformation of the rolling-element diameter. This would correspond to a permanent deformation of 0.0025 mm for a ball 25 mm in diameter.The successful functioning of many bearings depends upon providing them with adequate protection against their environment, and in some circumstances the environment must be protected from lubricants or products of deterioration of the bearing design. Moreover, seals which are applied to moving parts for any purpose are of interest to tribologists because they are components of bearing systems and can only be designed satisfactorily on the basis of the appropriate bearing theory.Notwithstanding their importance, the amount of research effort that has been devoted to the understanding of the behavior of seals has been small when compared with that devoted to other aspects of bearing technology.Numerical ControlOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools were manually operated and controlled .Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools.Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather thanoperating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:1.Electrical discharge machining.ser cutting.3.Electron beam welding.Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide variety of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tools and processes.Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U. S. Air force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to make straight cuts efficiently and effectively.However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter is the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve. Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated.This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the further development of NC technology. The original NC systems were vastly different from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was usedto interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development.A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate times. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper tape carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper taps, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To make even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape .It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control .machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool as needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the lost computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control.The development of the microprocessor allowed for the development ofprogrammable logic controllers (PLCs) and microcomputers. These two technologies allowed for the development of computer numerical control (CNC).With CNC, each machine tool has a PLC or a microcomputer that serves the same purpose. This allows programs to be input and stored at each individual machine tool. It also allows programs to be developed off-line and downloaded at the individual machine tool. CNC solved the problems associated with downtime of the host computer, but it introduced another known as data management. The same program might be loaded on ten different microcomputers with no communication among them. This problem is in the process of being solved by local area networks that connect microcomputers for better data management.中文译文：润滑和轴颈轴承1 介绍专用与支撑机器部件进行回转运动的原件可以被称为轴承。

附录一Knowledge On The Bearings and ShaftThe bearings are fixed and reduce the load coefficient of friction in the process of mechanical transmission components. Can also say that when the other parts on the shaft relative motion, used to reduce the friction coefficient in the process of power transfer and fixed the mechanical parts to maintain the position of the shaft center. Bearings are important parts of modern machinery and equipment. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotating body to reduce the load coefficient of friction of the mechanical equipment in the transmission process. According to the different nature of friction of moving parts, bearings can be divided into two types of rolling bearings and plain bearings.Nano Lake, Italy, found a Roman vessel discovered early instance of ball bearings. The wooden ball bearings are used to support the rotating desktop. Ship construction in 40 BC. It is said that Leonardo da Vinci in the 1500 or so, a ball bearing through description. , There is a very important point is the ball collision, causing additional friction between the ball bearings of all kinds of immature factors. But can put the ball into a small cage to prevent this phenomenon. The 17th century, Galileo fixed ball ", or" cage ball "ball bearings did the earliest description. But then quite a long time, the bearings have been installed on the machine. The first patent on the ball channel the Carmarthen Philip Vaughan in 1794.In 1883, Friedrich Fischer proposed the idea of the use of suitable production machine grinding the same size, roundness accurate ball. This laid the foundation to create an independent bearing industry. In 1962, FAG the trademark has been modified and are still used today and become an integral part of the company in 1979.In 1895, Henry Timken designed the first tapered roller bearings, three years later obtained a patent and the establishment of the Timken Company.In 1907, SKF bearing factory Sven temperature Qwest designed the first modern self-aligning ball bearings.Study its role should be in terms of support, that the literal interpretation is used to bearing axis, but this is only part of its role in supporting its essence is to be able to bear the radial load. Can also be understood that it is used to a fixed axis. A fixed axis so that it can only achieverotation, and control of axial and radial movement. Motor without bearing the consequences is not work at all. Because the axis may be in any direction movement, the motor work requirements shaft only rotation. Impossible to realize the role of the drive, in theory, not only that, bearing also affect the transmission must be achieved in order to reduce this effect in the high speed shaft bearing lubrication, and some bearing lubrication, called pre-lubricated bearings, and the most of the bearing lubricant, the load at high speeds, due to the friction will not only increase energy consumption, even worse, is very easy to damage the bearing. Sliding friction into rolling friction is one-sided to say things because of the kind called plain bearings.Bearing the classification and described as follows:Equipped with a thin and long roller needle bearing (the length of the roller diameter of 3 to 10 times the diameter of generally not more than 5mm), therefore the radial structure is compact, its inner diameter and load capacity with other types of bearing the same minimum outside diameter, especially for supporting the results of radial installation dimensions restricted. needle bearing according to the use of different occasions, can be used without inner ring bearings or needle roller and cage assembly and bearing to match the journal surface directly as a bearing surface and shell holes, outer rolling surface in order to ensure the load capacity and running performance with a ring bearing the same shaft or shell holes on the raceway surface of the hardness, the machining accuracy and surface quality should be the bearing rings. use Combined needle roller bearings to the heart needle roller bearings and thrust bearing parts bearing units of the combination of its compact size, small, high precision rotation, can withstand high radial load to bear certain axial load. And the product structure in various forms, wide adaptability, easy to install. Combined needle roller bearings are widely used in machine tools, metallurgical machinery, textile machinery, printing machinery and other machinery and equipment, and make the mechanical system design is very compact and nimble.Aligning ball bearings Self-aligning ball bearings: two of the inner ring raceway and the raceway between the spherical outer ring, the assembly of the drum-shaped roller bearing. The outer ring raceway curvature center and bearing center line, and therefore have the same aligning and self-aligning ball bearings. Axis, the shell deflection occurs, you can automatically adjust to not increase the burden of bearing. Spherical roller bearings can bear radial load and axial load in two directions. Aligning ball bearing radial load capacity, suitable for a heavy impact loadconditions. The inner diameter is tapered bore bearings can be installed directly. Or use the adapter sleeve, remove the tube installed in the cylinder axis. Cage the use of steel stamping cage, forming polyamide-aligning ball bearings withstand heavy loads and impact loads, precision instruments, low noise motors, automobiles, motorcycles, metallurgy, mill, mining, petroleum, paper, cement, pressed sugar industry and the general machinery.Deep groove ball bearings imported bearings are mainly used for pure radial load, both radial and axial load. Only under pure radial load, the contact angle is zero. Performance of angular contact bearings, deep groove ball bearings with a larger radial clearance, and is subjected to high axial load. Deep groove ball bearings, the friction coefficient is small, the limit speed is also high, especially in a large high-speed operation of the axial load conditions, deep groove ball bearings Thrust ball bearings are more advantages. Deep groove ball bearings are the most representative of the rolling bearings, widely used. For high speed or high speed operation, and is very durable, without regular maintenance. The class has a small coefficient of friction, high limiting speed, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, easy to achieve high manufacturing precision. Size range and diversity, changes in the form used in precision instruments, low noise motors, automobiles, motorcycles and general machinery and other industries, is the machinery industry's most widely used type of bearings. The main radial load, and can withstand a certain amount of axial load deep groove ball bearings can be used for the transmission, instrumentation, motors, appliances, internal combustion engines, transportation vehicles, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, construction machinery and so on.Aligning roller bearing is a spherical outer ring between the two raceways of the inner ring raceway assembly with drum-shaped roller bearings. Aligning roller bearing with two rollers, mainly exposed to the diameter of a load, but also able to withstand the axial load in either direction. High radial load capacity, especially suitable for work overload or vibration loads, but can not afford the pure axial load. This kind of bearing outer ring raceway is spherical shape, aligning performance is good, can compensate concentricity error. Spherical roller bearings have two symmetrical spherical roller outer ring of a common spherical raceway, two bearing axis of inner ring tilt angle of the raceway, has a good aligning properties, when the axis force bearing when bending or install a different heart to continue its normal use, tune concentric with the bearing dimension series vary, generally allow aligning angle of 2.5 degrees, the type of loadbearing capacity, in addition to radial loads The outer bearings can withstand axial load of the two-way role, with good impact resistance, in general, self-aligning roller bearings allowed speed is low. Spherical roller bearings according to the section shape of the roller is divided into two different structures of the symmetrical spherical roller and non-symmetrical spherical roller, asymmetric self-aligning roller bearings are early products, mainly the host repair services, new design host rarely use symmetrical self-aligning roller bearings, the internal structure of the overall improvement of the design and parameters optimization, than with the early production of aligning roller bearings, able to withstand greater axial load, this bearing run lower temperatures, it can adapt to the requirements of high speed, according to whether the inner rib and cage can be divided into two kinds of C and CA, C-type bearing is characterized by the inner wall and the use of steel stamping frame, the CA-bearing characteristics for the inner ring on both sides have ribs machined solid cage in order to improve the lubrication, can provide users with the outer ring with a circular tank, and three hole Spherical roller bearings, set the code to the bearings / W33 can also supply according to the requirements of users with the inner hole of the aligning roller bearings, in order to facilitate customer handling and replacement of bearings, can also be provided within the hole with a taper aligning roller bearings, bearings, tapered bore, taper 1:12 after the set, code-named K, in order to adapt to specific user requirements can also be provided within the taper bearings of 1:30, followed by the set, code-named K30 hole with The taper of the bearing can be used locknut bearing mounted on the conical journal, but also can make use of the adapter sleeve or withdrawal sleeve bearings installed in the cylindrical journal.Combination of bearing: a bearing formed by the combination of bearing structure in the above-mentioned two or more of rolling bearings. Such as needle roller and cylindrical roller thrust bearings, needle roller and thrust ball bearings, needle roller and angular contact ball bearings, etc..Bearing life: under certain loads, the bearings in the number of revolutions or hours before pitting experienced, known as the bearing life.The life of rolling bearings of the number of revolutions (or number of hours worked under a certain speed) is defined: In this life within the bearing, any bearing ring or rolling body on the initial fatigue damage (spalling or defect). But both in the laboratory tests or in actual use, can clearly see the appearance of the same bearing in the same working conditions, to differ materiallyfrom actual life. In addition to the bearing of several different definitions of "life", one of the so-called "working life", it means that the actual life of a bearing can be achieved before the damage from the wear and tear, damage is usually not caused by fatigue, but caused by wear and tear, corrosion, seal damage.Due to differences in manufacturing precision, material uniformity, even if the same material, bearing the same batch of the same size, in the same working conditions, their longevity is not the same. In terms of statistical life is 1 unit relative life expectancy of up to four units, the shortest was 0.1 to 0.2 units, the ratio of the longest and shortest life of 20 to 40 times.The installation of bearings:Bearing installation, good or bad, will affect the accuracy, bearing life and performance. , The installation of the bearing, in accordance with the operating standards include the following items, including the bearing installation.①cleaning bearings and related parts have been greased bearings and bilateral withseals or dust cover, no need to clean before the installation of the ring bearing.② Check the size and finishing conditions of the relevant parts of the③installation method bearing installation should be based on the nature of the bearing structure, size, and bearing components with pressure should be directly added to a tight fit to the ferrule end surface, may not pass the pressure of the rolling element bearing installation generally use the following method: a press-fit bearing inner ring and shaft so tight fit, the outer ring and the bearing hole is loose with the available presses will be bearing the first pressure mounted on the shaft and the shaft together with the bearing with load bearing hole press-fit bearing inner ring side surface, pad assembly sleeve of a soft metal material (copper or mild steel), the assembly casing diameter should be slightly larger than the journal diameter, the diameter of the outer diameter than the bearing inner ring ribs slightly smaller, in order to avoid pressure in the cage. The bearing outer ring and the bearing hole is a tight fit, the inner ring and the shaft is loose with the bearing first pressed into the bearing hole, this time the assembly casing outside diameter should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the bore. If the bearing ring and shaft and housing bore are a tight fit to install the indoor ring and outer ring to be pressed into the shaft and housing bore, the assembly structure of the casing should be able to charge tight end face of the bearing inner and outer rings. (b) heating with heated bearings or bearing, the use of thermal expansionwill be a tight fit to change the installation method for a loose fit.④ bearing installation inspection⑤lubricant added to the installation of high-speed precision angular contact ball bearings, mainly for the load lighter, high-speed rotating occasions, the requirement of bearing high-precision, high speed, low temperature rise Low vibration and service life of high-speed precision angular contact ball bearings. Often for high-speed electric spindle bearing installed in pairs, the key component parts of the inner surface of the grinding machine of high speed electric spindle. The main technical indicators: 1. Bearing accuracy specifications: more than GB/307.1-94 the P4 level precision high-speed performance: dmN value of 1.3 ~ 1.8x 106 / min 3. Life (average):> 1500 hLife of high-speed precision angular contact ball bearings have a great relationship with the installation, you should note the following: ①The bearings shall be installed in a clean, clean room, bearing carefully matching, bearing spacers to go through grinding, maintaining the premise of high-inside and outside the ring spacers, spacer parallelism should be controlled in 1um following; ②The bearings prior to installation should be clean, cleaning inner slopes upward, should be flexible and feel no sense of stagnation, dried and put into the specified amount of grease, in the case of oil mist lubrication should be placed in a small amount of oil mist oil; ③bearing installation should be used specialized tools, even by force, strictly prohibited beating; ④The bearings shall be stored in clean air, corrosive gases, relative humidity of not more than 65 % long-term storage should be periodically rust-proof.Tapered roller bearings, water pump bearing installation:①the installation of bearings: bearing must be installed in a dry, clean environment conditions. Before installation, carefully check the mating surface of the shaft and shell, the face of the convex shoulder trench and connection quality of surface processing. All match the connected surface must be carefully cleaned and remove the burrs, casting raw surface must be in addition to net sand. Bearing installation should be preceded by cleaning with gasoline or kerosene, clean and dry before use, and to ensure good lubrication, bearings are commonly used grease lubrication, oil lubrication can be used. With grease lubrication should be used free of impurities, anti-oxidation, rust and extreme pressure performance superior grease. The grease filling is 30% to 60% of the bearings and the bearing capacity of the container, not too much. Withsealing structure of the double row tapered roller bearings and pump shaft bearing filled a good grease, users can directly use, not for cleaning. Bearing installation, you must exert equal pressure on the circumference of the ferrule end face pressed into the ring not want first-class tools to tap the bearing face, so as not to damage the bearing. Small amount of interference with the sleeve at room temperature, press and hold the bearing ring face hammer to beat the sleeve through the sleeve rings evenly pressed into. If large quantities of installation can be a hydraulic press.②bearing removal: Remove the bearing intend to continue to use, you should use the appropriate removal tool. The demolition of the interference fit of the ring, only to increase the tension in the ring, never to allow demolition of the rolling elements, or the rolling element and raceway will be crushed.③bearing use of the environment: the use of location and conditions of use and environmental conditions to select the specifications of size, accuracy, and with the right bearing is the premise to ensure that the bearing life and reliability. Parts: tapered roller bearings are suitable to withstand the radial load mainly radial and axial joint load, usually paired to two sets of bearings used primarily in the car's front and rear wheel hub, active bevel gear, differential, reducer and transmission parts. Allowable speed: correctly installed, well-oiled environment, allowing the bearing limit speed of 0.3 to 0.5 times. Under normal circumstances, the limit of 0.2 times the speed of the most suitable. Allow the angle of inclination: tapered roller bearings are generally not allowed axis of the relative shell hole tilt, where tilt maximum of not more than 2 '. Allow the temperature: under the normal load, the lubricant has high temperature resistance, and adequate lubrication conditions, the general bearing allows to work in -30 ° C to 150 ° C ambient temperature.Axis function and type:Axis is one of the important parts in the machine, used to support the rotating parts of machinery.Depending on the load bearing axis can be divided into the shaft, drive shaft and spindle three kinds. Shaft only transfer torque to withstand bending moments, such as the gear reducer shaft; drive shaft transmitting torque only not withstand the bending moment or bending moment is small. Such as automotive drive shaft; spindle is exposed only to the moment rather than transmit torque, such as the axis of the rail vehicle, the front axle of the bicycle.The shape of the shaft axis can be divided into: straight axle, crankshaft and flexible wire axis. Crankshaft is commonly used in reciprocating machinery. The flexible wire shaft wire layers close together by layers of flexible torque and rotational movement spread to any location commonly used in vibrators and other devices. This chapter only study the direct axis.Shaft design, manufacturing process according to job requirements and to consider other factors, the appropriate choice of materials, structural design, through strength and stiffness, set the axis of the structure shape and size, if necessary, consider the vibration stability.Axis of the commonly used materials:The axis of the material is often used carbon steel and alloy steel.Carbon steel bearing 35,45,50 high-quality carbon structural steel has higher mechanical properties, more applications, of which the most widely used steel 45. In order to improve its mechanical properties, normalizing or quenching and tempering treatment. Unimportant, or by a smaller force axis, can be used such as Q235, Q275 carbon structural steel.Alloy steel alloy steel has higher mechanical properties, but the price is more expensive, used for special requirements of the shaft. For example: the sliding bearings of high-speed shaft, commonly used in 20Cr, 20CrMnTi low-carbon alloy structural steel after carburizing can improve the wear resistance of the journal; generator rotor shaft in the high temperature, high-speed and overload conditions. must have good high temperature mechanical properties, often to adopt 40CrNi, 38CrMoAlA alloy structural steel. It is worth noting: the type and heat treatment of steel, its elastic modulus is very small. For use of alloy steel or heat treatment to improve the shaft stiffness is no practical results. In addition, the alloy steel higher sensitivity to stress concentration, alloy steel shaft design, more should be structured to avoid or reduce the stress concentration and reduce the surface roughness.Axis rough general round bar or forgings, and sometimes can be cast or ductile iron. For example, made of nodular cast iron crankshaft, camshaft, low cost, better vibration absorption, low sensitivity to stress concentration, good strength, etc..Axis of structural design:The axis of the structure design is to make each part of the axis has a reasonable shape and size. Its main requirements are: 1) axis should be easy processing. Parts of the shaft to be easy disassembly (manufacture and installation requirements); 2) axis and the shaft parts have accurateposition (location); 3) parts to firmly and reliably and relatively fixed (fixed); 4) to improve the force situation, reducing the stress concentration.①The manufacturing installation requirementsIn order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the shaft parts, often the shaft made of the ladder. Split the box in the shaft, its diameter from the shaft end and gradually increases toward the middle. As shown above, can turn the gear, the sleeve, the left end bearings, bearing caps and pulley from the axis of the left end assembly and disassembly, and another from the right end of the assembly and disassembly of rolling bearings. Shaft parts is easy to install, should chamfer of the shaft end and the end of the shaft section.Axis grinding shaft section should wheel the more process slots; car threaded shaft section should be undercut.Meet the requirements of the case, the axis of the shape and size should be simple in order to facilitate processing.②The axis positioning of partsLadder shaft cross-section changes a place called the shaft shoulder, since the axial positioning of the role. Shaft shoulder makes gear positioned on the shaft; shaft shoulder pulley positioning; shaft shoulder to the right end of the rolling bearing positioning.Some parts rely on a set of simple positioning, such as above the left end of rolling bearings.③The axis parts of the fixedAxial fixation of the shaft parts, often with the shaft shoulder, sleeve, nut or shaft end of the retaining ring (also known as the plate) and other forms. Gear to achieve the axial two-way fixed. Gear by the axial force, right through the shaft shoulder, by the axis and shoulders in the rolling bearing inner ring; left sleeve top in the rolling bearing inner ring. Can not use the sleeve or sleeves too long, we can use the round nut to be fixed. Pulley axial fixed retaining ring depend on the shaft shoulder and the shaft end.Axis intensity calculated as follows:Axis intensity shall be calculated according to the shaft bearing, using the appropriate method of calculation. The common axis strength calculation method has the following two:① Press the torsional strength calculationThis method applies only to withstand the torque of the drive shaft of accurate calculation, iswell received by the bending moment and torque axis approximate calculation can also be used. Circular section shaft transmitting torque only, the strength condition.Withstand both pass to turn short axis of the bending moment can also be used on the preliminary estimate of the diameter of the design formula:In addition, the empirical formula can be used to estimate the diameter of the shaft. For example, in the general reducer, high-speed input shaft diameter according to its associated motor shaft diameter D estimates, d = (0.8 ~ 1. 2) D; all levels of low-speed shaft of the gear center distance on the shaft diameter according to the same level a estimates, d = (0.3 0.4) a.② According to the synthetic strength of the bending and torsionSingle-stage cylindrical gear reducer design sketches, each symbol indicates the length of the Dimensions. Obviously, when the parts laid out on the sketch, the role of location of the external load and support reaction force can be determined. Thus can be used for mechanical analysis of the shaft and draw the bending moment diagram and torque diagram. Then you can press the synthetic strength of the bending and torsion shaft diameter.For the cross-section of the keyway should be calculated shaft diameter increased by about 4%. Calculated shaft diameter greater than the shaft diameter of preliminary estimates of the structural design, that the strength of the chart axis is not enough, you must modify the structural design; calculated shaft diameter less than the estimates of the structural design of shaft diameter, and the difference is not very generally subject to the structural design of the shaft diameter.For general-purpose shaft designed by the above method can. Important axis, yet further strength check (such as the safety factor method), the calculation method available at the reference.Shaft stiffness calculated as follows:Axis by the bending moment will produce a bending torque role will have the torsional deformation. If the shaft stiffness is not enough, it will affect the normal work of the axis. For example, the deflection of the rotor shaft is too large, will change the rotor and stator gap and affect the performance of the motor. Another example is the rigidity of the machine spindle is enough, it will affect the machining accuracy. Therefore, in order so that the axis is not enough stiffness and failure, must be designed to limit their working conditions under the shaft deformationAxis of the concept of critical speed:Uneven due to structural asymmetries of the rotary parts, materials, processing errors and other reasons, to make the rotation center of gravity is precisely located in the geometric axis, it is almost impossible. In fact, the center of gravity and the geometric axis generally total a slight eccentricity, and thus the centrifugal force generated when rotating the axis by the interference of cyclical loading.Axis suffered external frequency axis since the vibration frequency of the same operation will be unstable vibration occurs, a phenomenon known as the resonance of the shaft. Resonance when the shaft speed is called the critical speed. If the shaft speed is stuck near the critical speed, the axis of deformation increases rapidly, as well as the axis, the extent of the damage or even the whole machine. Therefore, the important, especially high-speed axis to calculate the critical speed, and shaft speed n to avoid the critical speed nc.The shaft critical speed, the lowest one called the first critical speed, the remaining second, third ......Speed is below a first critical speed axis is called the rigid shaft; more than the first critical speed axis is called the flexible shaft.Slender axis machining process characteristics:(1) slender shaft turning the process characteristicsSlender shaft rigidity is poor, turning fashion folder properly, it is easy because of the role of cutting force and gravity bending deformation,Vibration, thus affecting the machining accuracy and surface roughness.The slender shaft of the thermal diffusivity of poor performance, the effect of cutting heat, will produce quite a large linear expansion. If the two ends of the shaft to a fixed support, the workpiece due to the elongation of the top bend.The longer axis, a walk the knife for a long time, tool wear, thus affecting the geometry of the precision of the parts.Car slender shaft supporting the workpiece with the tool holder, the two supporting block inappropriate parts pressure will affect the machining accuracy. If the pressure is too small or do not touch, it does not work, you can not improve the stiffness of the parts; if the pressure is too large, the parts are pressed to the lathe tool, the cutting depth increases, the car out of the diameter is small, continue to move with the turret bearing block support in the small-diameter cylindrical。

轴承专业英语（一）滚动轴承总论1. 滚动轴承 rolling bearing ['rəuliŋ]2. 单列轴承 single row bearing [rau]3. 双列轴承 double row bearing4. 多列轴承 multi-row bearing ['mʌlti]5. 满装滚动体轴承 full complement bearing [ful] ['kɔmplimənt]6. 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing ['æŋɡjulə]7. 自动调心轴承 automatic self-aligning bearing [ə‘lainiŋ]8. 可分离的轴承 separable bearing ['sepərəbl]9. 不可分离轴承 non-separable bearing10. 英制轴承 inch bearing inch [intʃ]11. 开型轴承 open bearing open ['əupən]12. 密封圈轴承 sealed bearing sealed [si:ld]13. 防尘盖轴承 shielded bearing shielded ['ʃi:ldid]14. 闭型轴承 capped bearing15. 预润滑轴承prelubricated bearing [pri:‘ljubrikeitid]16. 仪器精密轴承 instrument precision bearing ['instrumənt] [pri'siʒən]17. 组配轴承 matched bearing（二）向心轴承1. 向心轴承 radial bearing ['reidiəl]2. 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing contact ['kɔntækt]3. 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing ['æŋɡjulə]4. 外球面轴承 insert bearing insert [in'sə:t]5. 锥孔轴承 tapered bore bearing ['teipəd]6. 凸缘轴承 flanged bearing [flændʒ] flanged adj. 带凸缘的；装有法兰的；带法兰的；折边的7. 滚轮（滚动）轴承 track roller (rolling bearing) ['rəulə]8. 万能组配轴承 universal matching bearing [,ju:ni'və:səl]（三）球轴承1. 球轴承 ball bearing2. 向心球轴承 radial ball bearing3. 深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing4. 装填槽球轴承 filling slot ball bearing5. 三点接触球轴承 three point contact ball bearing6. 四点接触球轴承 four point contact ball bearing7. 推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing8. 单列双向推力球轴承 single row double-direction thrust ball bearing9. 双排单向推力球轴承 doubel row single-direction thrust ball bearing10. 特种轴承 special bearing11. 带止动环球轴承 ball bearing with snap ring12. 外球面体球轴承 external sphere ball bearing（四）轴承零件1. 轴承零件 bearing part [pɑ:t]2. 轴承套圈 bearing ring [riŋ]3. 轴承垫圈 bearing washer4. 止动环 snap ring [snæp] [riŋ]5. 隔圈 spacer ['speisə]6. 密封圈 seal [si:l]7.防尘盖 shield8. 挡圈 slinger ['sliŋə]9. 滚动体 rolling element ['rəuliŋ] ['elimənt]10. 保持架 cage or retainer [ri'teinə]11. 内圈 inner ring ['inə]12. 外圈 outer ring ['autə]13. 油脂 grease [ɡri:s]14. 钢球 steel ball steel [sti:l] : 钢，钢的15. 偏心套 eccentric collar [ik'sentrik]16. 锁紧套 locking collar17. 止动销钉 anti-rotation pin [pin]18. 轴承座 housing ['hauziŋ]19. 橡胶套 rubber grommet ['ɡromit]20. 紧定衬套 adapter sleeve [ə'dæptə(r)] [sli:v]21、尺寸：dimension [di'menʃən]22、直径：diameter [dai'æmitə]23、宽度：width [widθ, witθ]24、长度：length [l eŋθ]25、高度：height [hait]26、角度：angle ['æŋɡl]27、半径：radius ['reidiəs]28、厚度：thickness ['θiknis]29、轴向的：axial ['æksiəl]30、径向的：radial ['reidjəl]31、外圆（外径） outside surface32、内圆（内径） inner surface33、沟道 raceway（五）技术常用词1、公差：tolerance ['tɔlərəns] n. 公差；容忍；宽容；公差2、游隙：clearance ['kliərəns] 清除；清理；出清，出空【机械】余隙，间隙3、噪音：noise [nɔiz] n. 响声；杂音；噪音4、扭矩：torque [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈5、硬度：hardness ['hɑ:dnis] n. 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷6、倒角: chamfer ['tʃæmfə] vt. 去角；挖槽；斜切n. 斜面；凹槽7、精度：precision [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度adj. 精密的，精确的8、残磁：residual magnetism [ri'zidjuəl] n. 剩余；残渣 adj. 剩余的；残留的['mæɡnitizəm] n. 磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力9、表面质量：surface quality ['sə:fis] n. 表面；外观；表层 adj. 表面的，肤浅的['kwɔləti] n. 质量，品质；特性；才能10、注脂量：grease fill [ɡri:s] vt. 涂脂于；贿赂n. 油脂；贿赂 grease volume11、打字：marking ['mɑ:kiŋ] n. 做记号；打分；标志；斑纹v. 作记号于；注意；给…打分数12、包装：packaging ['pækidʒiŋ] n. 包装；包装业，包装风格 v. 包装（package的ing形式）13、表面处理：surface finishing ['sə:fis] ['finiʃiŋ] 表面精加工，表面修整14、螺钉：set screw [set] [skru:] 固定螺钉；定位螺钉15、公称尺寸：nominal dimension ['nɔminəl] [di'menʃən]15、振动/偏差：vibration [vai'breiʃən]16、钢球等级：ball grade [ɡreid]17、清洁度：cleanliness ['klenlinis]18、毛刺：burr [bə:] 毛口，毛边，毛头，毛刺19、锈蚀：rust [rʌst] n. 锈；生锈；锈病vt. 使生锈；腐蚀 vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝20、极限转速：limiting speed（六）工序常用词1、割料 cutting ['kʌtiŋ] n. 切断；剪辑；开凿 adj. 严寒的；锋利的；尖酸刻薄的 v. 切开；采伐；削减（cut的ing形式）2、锻造 forging ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]n. 锻件,锻造(法)3、铸造 casting ['kɑ:stiŋ]n. 投掷；铸造；铸件；角色分配v. 投掷；铸造；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast的ing形式）4、热处理heat treatment[hi:t] ['tri:tmənt]5、车加工 turning ['tə:niŋ]【机械工程】车削工作，车工工艺6、光饰 tumbling ['tʌmbliŋ]【工程】滚筒抛光7、磨加工 grinding ['ɡraindiŋ] 磨制；研磨：8、粗磨 rough grinding [rʌf] ['ɡraindiŋ] 粗研磨9、软磨 soft grinding10、精磨 precision grinding [pri'siʒən]【机械工程】精磨 fine grinding11、修磨 correct grinding12、光磨（无进给磨，即静止状态磨削）13、超精 superfinishing [,sju:pə'finiʃiŋ] 【冶金学】超级研磨14、磨孔 bore grinding15、清洗 washing ['wɔʃiŋ] 洗；洗涤，洗濯；洗净16、装配 assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合17、采购 purchase18、原材料 raw material19、坯件冲压（成型） blank punching20、抛光 polish21、整形 truing22、包装 packing / packaging23、纸板盒 carton / cardboard24、抽检 / 取样 sampling inspection / sampling25、全检 full inspection26、终检 final inspection27、巡检 tour inspection28、镀黄锌 yellow zine plated29、热处理前软磨非基准面 non-reference face grinding before heat treatment30、热处理前软磨两端面 double face grinding before heat treatment31、车孔及一端外角 bore and one side outer corner turning32、车两面防尘槽 double-side shields groove turning33、车沟及另一外角 raceway and receive of grinding34、磨削收发 dispatch and receive of grinding35、定期防锈处理 periodically anti-rust treatment（七）机械常用词1、Instrument ['instrumənt] n. 仪器；器械；工具；手段；乐器2、Efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]a. 有效的,生效的 n. 效率3、Usage ['ju:zidʒ] n. 用法；使用；惯例4、Straight [streit] adj. 直的；正直的；整齐的；连续的；笔直的 adv. 直接地；坦率地；立即；不断地 n. 直线；直5、Horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的 n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置['hɔri'zɔntəl]6、Vertical ['və:tikəl] adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的 n. 垂直线，垂直面7、Incline [in'klain] vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于 vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于 n. 斜面；斜坡；倾斜8、Angle ['æŋgl] n. 角度，角9、Arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧（度）；弧形物；天穹； adj. 圆弧的；反三角函数的vt. 走弧线；形成电弧10、Scale [skeil] n. 刻度；比例；数值范围；天平；规模；鳞 vi. 攀登；衡量；生水垢；剥落vt. 攀登；测量；刮鳞；依比例决定11、Tolerance ['tɔlərəns]n. 宽容,容忍 n.公差12、Interchangeable [,intə'tʃeindʒəbl]adj. 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的13、Mechanism ['mekənizəm]n. 机械装置；机制；技巧；原理，途径；进程14、Individual [,indi'vidjuəl]adj. 个别的；个人的；独特的 n. 个人，个体15、Impractical [im'præktikəl]adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的16、Perfect ['pə:fikt]adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的vt. 使完美；使熟练n. 完成式17、Worn [wɔ:n]adj. 用旧的；疲倦的 v. 穿；佩戴；磨损（wear的过去分词）18、Slight [slait]adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的 vt. 怠慢；轻视，忽略n. 怠慢；轻蔑19、Variation [,vεəri'eiʃən] n. 变异，变种；变化20、Minus ['mainəs]prep. 减，减去n. 不足；负号，减号；负数 adj. 负的；减的.21、shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物22、steady ['stedi] adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的23、rotary ['rəutəri] adj. 旋转的，转动的；轮流的24、friction ['frikʃən] n. 摩擦，摩擦力25、component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 成分；组件；元件26、efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n. 效率；效能；功效27、assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合28、groove[ɡru:v] n. 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例29、installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职30、transmission [trænz'miʃən] n. 传动装置，变速器；传递；传送；播送●密封的轴承系统减少夹持力并增加轴承寿命。

附录1 外文文献的中文译文轴承的摩擦与润滑现在看来，有很多这种情况，许多学生在被问到关于摩擦的问题时，往往都没引起足够的重视，甚至是忽视它。

实际上，摩擦从某种程度上说，存在于任何两个相接触并有相对运动趋势的部件之间。

而摩擦这个词，本身就意味着，两个或两个以上部件的阻止相对运动趋势。

在一个机器中，运动部件的摩擦是有害的，因为它降低了机械对能量的充分利用。

由它引起的热能是一种浪费的能量。

因为不能用它做任何事情。

还有，它还需要更大的动力来克服这种不断增大的摩擦。

热能是有破坏性的。

因为它产生了膨胀。

而膨胀可以使得轴承或滑动表面之间的配合更紧密。

如果因为膨胀导致了一个足够大的积压力，那么，这个轴承就可能会卡死或密封死。

另外，随着温度的升高，如果不是耐高温材料制造的轴承，就可能会损坏甚至融化。

在运动部件之间会发生很多摩擦，如1.启动摩擦2.滑动摩擦3.转动摩擦。

启动摩擦是两个固体之间产生的倾向于组织其相对运动趋势的摩擦。

当两个固体处于静止状态时，这两个零件表面的不平度倾向于相互嵌入，形成楔入作用，为了使这些部件“动”起来。

这些静止部件的凹谷和尖峰必须整理光滑，而且能相互抵消。

这两个表面之间越不光滑，由运动造成的启动摩擦（最大静摩擦力）就会越大。

因为，通常来说，在两个相互配合的部件之间，其表面不平度没有固定的图形。

一旦运动部件运动起来，便有了规律可循，滑动就可以实现这一点。

两个运动部件之间的摩擦就叫做滑动摩擦。

启动摩擦通常都稍大于滑动摩擦。

转动摩擦一般发生在转动部件和设备上，这些设备“抵触”极大的外作用力，当然这种外力会导致部件的变形和性能的改变。

在这种情况下，转动件的材料趋向于堆积并且强迫运动部件缓慢运动，这种改变就是通常所说的形变。

可以使分子运动。

当然，最终的结果是，这种额外的能量产生了热能，这是必需的。

因为它可以保证运动部件的运动和克服摩擦力。

由运动部件的表面不平度的楔入作用引起的摩擦可以被部分的克服，那就需要靠两表面之间的润滑。

最新各种轴承英文翻译各种轴承英文翻译第1章滚动轴承(rolling bearing1.1 向心轴承(contact ball bearing1.1.1 深沟球轴承(deep grove ball bearing)1.1.2 圆柱滚子轴承(cylindrical roller bearing)1.1.3 滚针轴承(needle bearing)1.1.4 调心球轴承(self-aligning ball bearing)1.1.5 角接触球轴承(angular-contact ball bearing)1.1.6 圆锥滚子轴承(tapered roller bearing)1.1.7 调心滚子轴承(self-aligning roller bearing)1.2 推力轴承(thrust bearing)1.2.1 推力球轴承(thrust ball bearing)1.2.2 推力圆柱滚子轴承(thrust cylindrical roller bearing) 1.2.3 推力滚针轴承(thrust needle bearing)1.2.4 推力角接触球轴承(thrust angular-contact ball bearing) 1.2.5 推力调心滚子轴承(thrust self-aligning roller bearing) 1.3 组合轴承(combined bearing)1.4 外球面球轴承(spherical surface ball bearing)1.5 直线运动滚动支承(linear roll bearing)1.6 滚轮滚针轴承（tracd & needle roller bearing）1.7 水泵轴连轴承（water pump bearing）1.8 专用轴承(special bearing)1.9 滚动轴承附件(fitting parts for rolling bearing)第2章滑动轴承(plain bearing)2.1 关节轴承(articulated bearing)2.1.1 杆端关节轴承(rod end & spherical plain bearing)2.1.2 向心关节轴承(plain radial bearing)2.1.3 角接触关节轴承(angular-contact articulated bearing)2.1.4 推力关节轴承(thrust articulated bearing)2.2 其他滑动轴承(others plain bearing)2.3 滑动轴承轴套与轴瓦(bushing & half-liner of plain bearing)2.3.1 轴套(plain bearing bushing)2.3.2 轴瓦(plain bearing half-liner)2.4 滑动轴承附件(fitting parts for plain bearing)adapter bearing带固接套的轴承adjustable bearing可调轴承adjustable cone colter bearing圆犁刀的可调式锥形轴承aerostatic bearing空气静力轴承agate bearing玛瑙轴承air journal bearing气体轴承air lubricated thrust bearing空气润滑止推轴承aligning bearing(直线)对位轴承alkaline-friction bearing抗磨轴承allowable bearing容许支承力all-rubber type bearing全胶式轴承。

轴承专业英语大全轴承专业英语（一）滚动轴承总论1. 滚动轴承 rolling bearing ['rəuliŋ]2. 单列轴承 single row bearing [rau]3. 双列轴承 double row bearing4. 多列轴承 multi-row bearing ['mʌlti]5. 满装滚动体轴承 full complement bearing [ful] ['kɔmplimənt]6. 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing ['æŋɡjulə]7. 自动调心轴承 automatic self-aligning bearing [ə‘lainiŋ]8. 可分离的轴承 separable bearing ['sepərəbl]9. 不可分离轴承 non-separable bearing10. 英制轴承 inch bearing inch [intʃ]11. 开型轴承 open bearing open ['əupən]12. 密封圈轴承 sealed bearing sealed [si:ld]13. 防尘盖轴承 shielded bearing shielded ['ʃi:ldid]14. 闭型轴承 capped bearing15. 预润滑轴承 prelubricated bearing [pri:‘ljubrikeitid]16. 仪器精密轴承 instrument precision bearing ['instrumənt] [pri'siʒən]17. 组配轴承 matched bearing（二）向心轴承1. 向心轴承 radial bearing ['reidiəl]2. 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing contact ['kɔntækt]3. 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing ['æŋɡjulə]4. 外球面轴承 insert bearing insert [in'sə:t]5. 锥孔轴承 tapered bore bearing ['teipəd]6. 凸缘轴承 flanged bearing [flændʒ] flanged adj. 带凸缘的；装有法兰的；带法兰的；折边的7. 滚轮（滚动）轴承 track roller (rolling bearing) ['rəulə]8. 万能组配轴承 universal matching bearing [,ju:ni'və:səl]（三）球轴承1. 球轴承 ball bearing2. 向心球轴承 radial ball bearing3. 深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing4. 装填槽球轴承 filling slot ball bearing5. 三点接触球轴承 three point contact ball bearing6. 四点接触球轴承 four point contact ball bearing7. 推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing8. 单列双向推力球轴承 single row double-direction thrust ball bearing9. 双排单向推力球轴承 doubel row single-direction thrust ball bearing10. 特种轴承 special bearing11. 带止动环球轴承 ball bearing with snap ring12. 外球面体球轴承 external sphere ball bearing（四）轴承零件1. 轴承零件 bearing part [pɑ:t]2. 轴承套圈 bearing ring [riŋ]3. 轴承垫圈 bearing washer4. 止动环 snap ring [snæp] [riŋ]5. 隔圈 spacer ['speisə]6. 密封圈 seal [si:l]7.防尘盖 shield8. 挡圈 slinger ['sliŋə]9. 滚动体 rolling element ['rəuliŋ] ['elimənt]10. 保持架 cage or retainer [ri'teinə]11. 内圈 inner ring ['inə]12. 外圈 outer ring ['autə]13. 油脂 grease [ɡri:s]14. 钢球 steel ball steel [sti:l] : 钢，钢的15. 偏心套 eccentric collar [ik'sentrik]16. 锁紧套 locking collar17. 止动销钉 anti-rotation pin [pin]18. 轴承座 housing ['hauziŋ]19. 橡胶套 rubber grommet ['ɡromit]20. 紧定衬套 adapter sleeve [ə'dæptə(r)] [sli:v]21、尺寸：dimension [di'menʃən]22、直径：diameter [dai'æmitə]23、宽度：width [widθ, witθ]24、长度：leng th [l eŋθ]25、高度：height [hait]26、角度：angle ['æŋɡl]27、半径：radius ['reidiəs]28、厚度：thickness ['θiknis]29、轴向的：axial ['æksiəl]30、径向的：radial ['reidjəl]31、外圆（外径） outside surface32、内圆（内径） inner surface33、沟道 raceway（五）技术常用词1、公差：tolerance ['tɔlərəns] n. 公差；容忍；宽容；公差2、游隙：clearance ['kliərəns] 清除；清理；出清，出空【机械】余隙，间隙3、噪音：noise [nɔiz] n. 响声；杂音；噪音4、扭矩：torque [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈5、硬度：hardness ['hɑ:dnis] n. 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷6、倒角: chamfer ['tʃæmfə] vt. 去角；挖槽；斜切 n. 斜面；凹槽7、精度：precision [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度 adj. 精密的，精确的8、残磁：residual magnetism [ri'zidjuəl] n. 剩余；残渣 adj. 剩余的；残留的['mæɡnitizəm] n. 磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力9、表面质量：surface quality ['sə:fis] n. 表面；外观；表层 adj. 表面的，肤浅的['kwɔləti] n. 质量，品质；特性；才能10、注脂量：grease fill [ɡri:s] vt. 涂脂于；贿赂 n. 油脂；贿赂 grease volume11、打字：marking ['mɑ:kiŋ] n. 做记号；打分；标志；斑纹 v. 作记号于；注意；给…打分数12、包装：packaging ['pækidʒiŋ] n. 包装；包装业，包装风格 v. 包装（package的ing形式）13、表面处理：surface finishing ['sə:fis] ['finiʃiŋ]表面精加工，表面修整14、螺钉：set screw [set] [skru:] 固定螺钉；定位螺钉15、公称尺寸：nominal dimension ['nɔminəl] [di'menʃən]15、振动/偏差：vibration [vai'breiʃən]16、钢球等级：ball grade [ɡreid]17、清洁度：cleanliness ['klenlinis]18、毛刺：burr [bə:] 毛口，毛边，毛头，毛刺19、锈蚀：rust [rʌst] n. 锈；生锈；锈病vt. 使生锈；腐蚀 vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝20、极限转速：limiting speed（六）工序常用词1、割料 cutting ['kʌtiŋ] n. 切断；剪辑；开凿 adj. 严寒的；锋利的；尖酸刻薄的 v. 切开；采伐；削减（cut的ing形式）2、锻造 forging ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]n. 锻件,锻造(法)3、铸造 casting ['kɑ:stiŋ]n. 投掷；铸造；铸件；角色分配 v. 投掷；铸造；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast 的ing形式）4、热处理heat treatment[hi:t] ['tri:tmənt]5、车加工 turning ['tə:niŋ]【机械工程】车削工作，车工工艺6、光饰 tumbling ['tʌmbliŋ]【工程】滚筒抛光7、磨加工 grinding ['ɡraindiŋ] 磨制；研磨：8、粗磨 rough grinding [rʌf] ['ɡraindiŋ] 粗研磨9、软磨 soft grinding10、精磨 precision grinding [pri'siʒən]【机械工程】精磨 fine grinding11、修磨 correct grinding12、光磨（无进给磨，即静止状态磨削）13、超精 superfinishing [,sju:pə'finiʃiŋ] 【冶金学】超级研磨14、磨孔 bore grinding15、清洗 washing ['wɔʃiŋ] 洗；洗涤，洗濯；洗净16、装配 assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合17、采购 purchase18、原材料 raw material19、坯件冲压（成型） blank punching20、抛光 polish21、整形 truing22、包装 packing / packaging23、纸板盒 carton / cardboard24、抽检 / 取样 sampling inspection / sampling25、全检 full inspection26、终检 final inspection27、巡检 tour inspection28、镀黄锌 yellow zine plated29、热处理前软磨非基准面 non-reference face grinding before heat treatment30、热处理前软磨两端面 double face grinding before heat treatment31、车孔及一端外角 bore and one side outer corner turning32、车两面防尘槽 double-side shields groove turning33、车沟及另一外角 raceway and receive of grinding34、磨削收发 dispatch and receive of grinding35、定期防锈处理 periodically anti-rust treatment（七）机械常用词1、Instrument ['instrumənt] n. 仪器；器械；工具；手段；乐器2、Efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]a. 有效的,生效的 n. 效率3、Usage ['ju:zidʒ] n. 用法；使用；惯例4、Straight [streit] adj. 直的；正直的；整齐的；连续的；笔直的 adv. 直接地；坦率地；立即；不断地 n. 直线；直5、Horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的 n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置['hɔri'zɔntəl]6、Vertical ['və:tikəl] adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的 n. 垂直线，垂直面7、Incline [in'klain] vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于 vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于 n. 斜面；斜坡；倾斜8、Angle ['æŋgl] n. 角度，角9、Arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧（度）；弧形物；天穹； adj. 圆弧的；反三角函数的vt. 走弧线；形成电弧10、Scale [skeil] n. 刻度；比例；数值范围；天平；规模；鳞 vi. 攀登；衡量；生水垢；剥落vt. 攀登；测量；刮鳞；依比例决定11、Tolerance ['tɔlərəns]n. 宽容,容忍 n.公差12、Interchangeable [,intə'tʃeindʒəbl]adj. 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的13、Mechanism ['mekənizəm]n. 机械装置；机制；技巧；原理，途径；进程14、Individual [,indi'vidjuəl]adj. 个别的；个人的；独特的 n. 个人，个体15、Impractical [im'præktikəl]adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的16、Perfect ['pə:fikt]adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的vt. 使完美；使熟练n. 完成式17、Worn [wɔ:n]adj. 用旧的；疲倦的 v. 穿；佩戴；磨损（wear的过去分词）18、Slight [slait]adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的 vt. 怠慢；轻视，忽略n. 怠慢；轻蔑19、Variation [,vεəri'eiʃən] n. 变异，变种；变化20、Minus ['mainəs]prep. 减，减去n. 不足；负号，减号；负数 adj. 负的；减的.21、shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物22、steady ['stedi] adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的23、rotary ['rəutəri] adj. 旋转的，转动的；轮流的24、friction ['frikʃən] n. 摩擦，摩擦力25、component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 成分；组件；元件26、efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n. 效率；效能；功效27、assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合28、groove[ɡru:v] n. 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例29、installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职30、transmission [trænz'miʃən] n. 传动装置，变速器；传递；传送；播送●密封的轴承系统减少夹持力并增加轴承寿命。