高考英语语法复习2

第五讲构词法高考感悟真题体验1.[2021·浙江6月卷] In 1844 they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser，who performed their _________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.2.[2021·全国乙卷]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler tobecome _________(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _________ (develop) of the local areas.3.[2020·北京卷]Because of the confidence she inspired in me，I've carved out a _________ (success) profession as a journalist.4.[2020·北京卷]Oliver says if you're _________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking，ask them if/whether you can join in when it's possible.●考点研析多维讲练●考点一名词的构词规律★★★★★1.动词变名词的后缀(1)-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊：去e＋-al)approve 赞成→approval 赞成survive 幸存→survival 幸存arrive 到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝propose 提议→proposal 提议；建议(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为appear 出现→appearance 出现；外貌perform 表演→performance 表演exist 存在→existence 存在prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导(3)-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为direct 指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望explain 解释→explanation 解释invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬solve 解决→solution 解决compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音describe 描述→description 描写repeat 重复→repetition 重复(4)-s(s)ion表示行为或状态discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入decide 决定→decision 决定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear 听→hearing 听力；听觉listen 听→listening 听；听力begin 开始→beginning 开始部分(6)-ment表示行为、结果等achieve 达到；完成→achievement 成就develop 发展→development 发展(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论；论据(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态fail 失败→failure 失败press 压；挤→pressure 压力mix 混合→mixture 混合物expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)recover 恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover 发现→discovery 发现(9)其他常见变化：choose 选择→choice 选择vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势grow 生长→growth 生长marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒post 邮寄→postage 邮资；邮费store 贮存→storage 贮存2.形容词变名词的后缀(1)-cy表示性质、状态fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率(2)-dom表示地位、状况等free 自由的→freedom 自由wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧(3)-ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱kind 友好的→kindness 善良cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识(4)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖true 真的→truth 真相deep 深的→depth 深(度)strong 强壮的→strength 力量long 长的→length 长度wide 宽的→width 宽度(5)-y/-ity表示性质或状态difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实safe 安全的→safety 安全cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任(6)-ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance，-nd变为-nsedifferent 不同的→difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静respond 回应→response 响应patient有耐心的→patience 耐心absent缺席的→absence 缺席present 出席的→presence 出席confident 自信的→confidence 信心convenient方便的→convenience 便利important重要的→importance 重要(性)defend防御；保卫→defense/defence 防御；保护◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2022·山东省泰安市模拟] In the eyes of the Yi people，fire is the symbol of light，whichis believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the _________ (grow) of crops.2.[2022·南昌二中、河南省实验中学联考] This _________ (achieve) marks that China hasreached the first great breakthrough on the path to full-scale quantum computing—a quantum computational advantage，also known as “quantum supremacy”．3.[2022·银川市考前适应性训练]“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1，000 yuan，”said Chen Xiaoping，_________ (direct) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC，adding that this gives them an advantage for much wider application.4.[2022·湖南长郡中学二模] Chinese people are proud of their food. However，whenforeigners like Britons think of Chinese food，their _________ (impress) of it is different to what you might think.考点二形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★1.形容词的构词规律提示如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。

高考英语语法知识点强化复习专题练习专题二　非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟 1.[2021四川绵阳一诊,67]BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability (receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals.2.[2021天津八校联考,28] (release) on September 25,2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.3.[2021安徽江淮十校二测,42]Though he studied for the civil service exam to become a civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed (pass) and spent many years traveling.4.[2021山西太原质量监测,63]The people born in the 1980s or 1990s believe that (save) food is a virtue.5.[2021黑龙江哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试,64]Plum rains, often (occur)during June and July, refer to the long period of continuous rainy or cloudy weather.6.[2021河南名校联考,61 & 62]Ant Forest (found) by Ant Financial Services Group has received a 2019 Champions of the Earth award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. Ant Forest improves greener lifestyles by inspiring users (reduce) carbon emissions in their daily lives and better protect the environment.7.[2021江苏百校联考,67 & 68]You may have noticed how busy tree squirrels are in fall, (search) for every last seed and nut that can be found and stocking their tree homes with enough food (get) them through winter.8.[2021贵州贵阳摸底考试,70]I also look forward to (open) chances to expose the people of my country to Chinese culture.9.[2021山西太原质量监测,64]Young people also give their opinions on how (help)reduce food waste.10.[2021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟,61]A 56-year-old enthusiastic backyard birdwatcher named Stuart Dahlquist spent years (leave) out food for a family of crows.11.[2021河北衡水中学期中,80]Busily (employ) in cleaning his shoes, he didn’t notice my coming.12.[2021广东四市名校联考,36]A massive wildfire forces thousands of people (flee) their homes.13.[2021辽宁六校协作体联考,60]The plants are irrigated by (use) a simple drip system(滴灌系统).14.[2020广东六校联考,62]The tea from China is in great abundance. (tell) if a pot of tea is nice you can mainly rely on the color, smell, taste and form.15.[2020山东临沂期中,64]People with a healthy lifestyle and good genetic inheritance(遗传特征)tend (score)"younger" on these assessments.16.[2020四川绵阳一诊,61]Li Na became the first Asian-born player (head) to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019.17.[2020湖南益阳、湘潭两市教学质量测评,43]They are as important as a birthday cake with its candles (light) in western countries.18.[2020黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中,14]The careless driver is (blame) for the traffic accident that happened yesterday.题组2 精选真题 1.[2020全国П,65]They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.2.[2020全国Ш,69]And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.3.[2020浙江,63]Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.4.[2020北京,5]It takes them hundreds of years (break) down.5.[2020天津,4] (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.6.[2020江苏,31]Technological innovations, (combine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.7.[2020浙江1月,57]The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 — today it is 41 and is expected (increase) to 42 by 2050.8.[2019全国Ι,64]Modern methods...are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.9.[2019全国П,65]…she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.10.[2019全国П,68]When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.11.[2019全国Ш,62]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.12.[2019天津,10]Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.13.[2019江苏,32]China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.14.[2018全国Ш,64 & 65]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).15.[2018全国П,70]China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessonsfor agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.16.[2018浙江11月,62]Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.17.[2018全国Ι,62]You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.18.[2018北京,10]Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.19.[2018江苏,26]Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.20.[2018全国Ш,70]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.21.[2018天津,7]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).22.[2018北京,3] (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.23.[2018浙江,59]I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years…24.[2017乙卷(全国Ι),63]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat...25.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),61]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).26.[2017北京,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.27.[2017北京,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to elephants.28.[2017天津,10]I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).29.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),65]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.30.[2016四川,64]For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)!31.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),64]People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.32.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),63]Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.33.[2016天津,4]The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnecessary.34.[2016乙卷(全国Ι),67]My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.A专项语篇型填空(非谓语动词)Standing at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 1　(dress)in blue jeans. She went in and asked　2　(see) a dress in the window. The assistant 3　(serve) her did not like the way she dressed and told her the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily. 4 (decide) to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning. Finding the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager 5 (serve)her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window 6　(get) the dress. Seeing this, the woman said that she didn’t like it. She made the assistant　7　(bring) almost everything in the window before finally 8　(buy) the dress she had asked for at first. She was very pleased with what she had done. 9　(recognize)the woman by now, the assistant didn’t feel angry. Instead, he felt sorry for what he had done the day before, 10 (apologize) to her for what he had done. The woman forgave him and later became a regular customer of the shop.B语法填空[2021山东部分重点中学综合测试]Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in a remote town in the mountains of Yunnan province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders when all of 1 sudden, the clouds seemed to burst and the electricity went out. 2　(see) that the students were staring at the rain, Kang 3　(immediate) got a burst of inspiration.She told them to go outside, under a shelter, to enjoy the rain and come back to write something like a poem. Much __4 her surprise, the works written by the students were far beyond her expectations!Inspired by that class, Kang founded the non-profit organization, Enlighten Our Future, to help Chinese youngsters improve their mental well-being and their exam grades through poetry composition and 5　(appreciate). She managed to persuade 13 schools 6　(adopt) the "Four-Season Poetry Lessons" project, with a teaching plan, content and methods she provided. So far, the poetry lessons 7　(design) by the organization have helped 68,000 students in 823 primary and middle schools, mostly in poor areas. Now Enlighten Our Future 8　(run) by three full-time workers, including Kang, 60 part-time workers, 280 backups and more than 1,000 volunteers.What’s great about poetry is that it can help one to find an 9　(effect) way to communicate with oneself, she says. "What they need is not sympathy, but recognition, 10 I think will influence their whole life."答案专题二　非谓语动词题组1　限时模拟1.to receive　此处考查固定用法ability to do sth."做某事的能力"。

高考英语语法分类总复习二形容词、代词专练60题从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1. If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holidayB. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough longD. a long holiday enough2. These oranges taste＿＿＿.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.A. the better voiceB. a good voiceC. the best voiceD. a better voice4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.A. pleasantB. gratefulC. satisfiedD. helpful5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center.A. regularB. specialC. cheapD. ordinary6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.A. small black leatherB. black leather smallC. small leather blackD. black small leather7. —— How was your job interview?——Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.A. betterB. easierC. worseD. happier8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?A. tastes bestB. smells mostC. sounds bestD. drinks mostly9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English?—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.A. as good asB. no more thanC. no better thanD. as much as10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.A. not so muchB. not so littleC. no moreD. no less11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.A. fell asleepB. was sound asleepC. got asleepD. went to sleep12. This year they have produced＿＿＿grain＿＿＿they did last year.A. as less； asB. as few； asC. less； thanD. fewer； than13. —— Can I help you?—— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.A. soB. muchC. veryD. too14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum?—— I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.A. far more interestingB. even much interestingC. so far interestingD. a lot much interesting15. —— Would you like some wine?—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.A. littleB. very littleC. a littleD. little bit16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.A. quickB. the quickestC. much quickD. quicker17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.A. ordinaryB. easyC. smartD. simple19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.A. the less expensiveB. less expensiveC. the least expensiveD. least expensive20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.A. So a heavyB. So heavy aC. A such heavyD. Such heavy a21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿＿＿choice.A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.A. too veryB.much tooC. too muchD. far23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square kilometers.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest24. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿ to get back to school.—— Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.A. so wellB. so goodC. well enoughD. good enough25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.A. frightenB. frightenedC. frighteningD. frightenly26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿＿＿at the master and felt quite＿＿＿＿＿.A. sad； sadB. sadly； sadlyC. sad； sadlyD. sadly； sad27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.A. awakeB. awokeC. awakedD.awoken28. —— What do you think of the concert?—— Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.A. a veryB. quite a C .so D. really29. My＿＿＿＿＿brother is two years＿＿＿＿＿than I.A. older； olderB. elder； olderC. older； elderD. elder； elder30. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.A. as old a stamp asB. so an old stamp asC. stamp as old asD. as an old stamp as31. Please come in and make＿＿＿＿＿at home, boys!A. youB. yourselfC. yourselvesD. yours32. The remark of＿＿＿＿＿is quite correct.A. youB. yourC. yourselfD. yours33. In our class＿＿＿＿＿given an English name by the teacher.A. we each wasB. each of us hasC. each we haveD. we were each34. You’ll have to borrow ＿＿＿＿＿ dictionary. I’m using＿＿＿＿＿.A. somebody else’s； myB. somebody’s； myC. somebody else’s； mineD. somebody’s； mine35. Some of the wheat is from China. What about＿＿＿＿?A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. the rest36. —— You’re always working. Come on! Let’s go shopping.——＿＿＿＿＿ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. AnythingB. SomethingC. AllD. That37. —— He was nearly drowned once.—— When was＿＿＿＿＿?——＿＿＿＿was 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that；ItB. this； ThisC. this； ItD. that； This38. —— Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?—— I’m afraid＿＿＿＿＿is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. any39. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ＿＿＿＿＿.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing40. —— Do you have＿＿＿＿＿at home?—— No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.A. somethingB. everythingC. anythingD. nothing41. —— Who knocked at the door?—— I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who ＿＿＿was.A. heB. thatC. sheD. it42. I prefer a street in a small town to＿＿＿in such a large city＿＿＿Shanghai.A. that； asB. one； asC. one； likeD. that； like43. Not all these books are second-hand；＿＿＿of them are new.A. allB. noneC. someD. each44. As we were asleep, ＿＿＿of us heard the sound.A. bothB. noneC. allD. any45. ＿＿＿＿writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?A. WhichB. WhatC. EitherD. Whether46. Mr Smith gave the books to all the students except＿＿＿who had already taken them.A. the onesB. onesC. someD. the others47. Few pleasures can equal＿＿＿of a cool drink on a hot day.A. someB. anyC. thatD. those48. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in＿＿＿.A. the otherB. some otherC. othersD. these others49. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has＿＿＿of the trouble of taking buses.A. nothingB. noneC. someD. neither50. No bread eaten by man is as good as＿＿＿got by his own labour.A. oneB. thatC. itD. those51. What I want to tell you is＿＿＿：The meeting is put off until Friday.A. thisB. itC. thatD. its52. —— Could you give me some paper?—— Sorry, I haven’t＿＿＿left myself.A. fewB. littleC. muchD. many53. Don’t laugh at the failure of＿＿＿, because＿＿＿enjoys being laughed at.A. others； nobodyB. other； everyoneC. the other； anyoneD. others； someone54. Computers must be of great use to＿＿＿doing the scientific research.A. thoseB. theseC. whoeverD. whomever55. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because＿＿＿of us had＿＿＿money on us .A.all； noB. any； noC. none；anyD. no one； any56. The Indians used to live in＿＿＿is now part of the USA.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. that57. God helps＿＿＿who help themselves.A. theseB. thoseC. himD. them58. All I have is yours. You may take＿＿＿you like.A. whichB. whicheverC. whateverD. no matter what59. —— How about the price of these refrigerators?—— They’re equal in price to, if not cheaper than,＿＿＿ at the other stores.A. othersB. itC. thatD. the ones60. His words remind me＿＿＿＿＿we did together during the past holiday.A. thatB. of thatC. whatD. of what[参考答案]1.A。

专题二长难句突破1.(课标全国Ⅰ)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.1.答案much;its 第一个逗号前是句子的主语部分,中心词是Data。

第二个逗号后的could help是句子的谓语动词,whether引导的是宾语从句。

ice作为“冰”讲时是不可数名词,应该用much修饰。

第二个空表达:它的(中国的)计划,应该用形容词性物主代词its修饰。

2.(全国新高考Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.2.答案formed;that/which 句意:例如,Hans Sloane爵士收集的八万件藏品成了大英博物馆的核心藏品,该博物馆于1759年开放。

分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是objects,第一个空是句子的谓语动词,根据语境可知,时态为一般过去时,故填formed。

第二个空引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词the British Museum,关系词在从句中充当主语,应该用关系词that/which引导。

3.(浙江)Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.3.答案seasons;making 句意:后来,他们学着随着季节的变更劳作,在合适的时间种植,在干旱地区,充分利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。

二．名词和主谓一致1.名词的数（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。

如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。

Workun.工作cn.作品，著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。

既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。

2.名词的单复数（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。