视听说unit 1 听力原文

Unit 1 Starting outListening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right? Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be bothworld-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources. Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s. Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great. Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at.Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 3 Learning to thinkListening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me.Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.Interviewer What kind of exercises?Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd also forgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say.I had to repeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard.Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. "Hi", "Yes" and "No". That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn't understand -1 had to learn their meanings all over again.Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three and a half months. When I got home I got a special computer programme that I worked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was a struggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's not that common, is it?Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week.That's very important, apparently.Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? I'm just grateful to have my life back.Passage 2Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a school in Rome that taught young children using methods that were very different from traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, is used in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the same place. So the children are calm and quiet as a result.Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy.Sarah No, definitely not...Interviewer Claudia?Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning.They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short time and then leave them to work on their own.Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it?Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong.Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much"?Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by doing, so when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.Unit 4 Person to personListening inPassage 1John Are you packed?Mike Yup. Everything's there.John Sure you've packed your mobile?Mike I'll look again, John ... yes.John Well, we've got another ten minutes before we need to leave, so we might as well relax. You know someone told me an amazing story yesterday about these Australians who got completely lost in some national park. Mike And don't tell me, they used their mobile to get help?John That's right!Mike So what happened?John Well, it was this guy with his son and niece -I think she was about 14 - and they were hiking in this really rugged country and they got completely lost - no idea where they were at all.Mike That's not going to happen to us.John No, it isn't. Anyway, the guy had his mobile and he phoned the emergency services — it wasn't dark yet - and they sent out a search party, but they couldn't find them. And then -this is the interesting bit - the guy sent photos of the place where they were.Mike I'd have thought of that.John Yes, well it's pretty obvious, really. And in the photos there were mountains in the background, and the staff at the emergency service centre were able to identify exactly which mountains they were. And they used the photos to pinpoint their location, you know, to get the exact location.Mike How did they do that?John They used mapping software.Mike Right.John Anyway, by then it had got dark and really freezing. So they slept behind this ridge and covered themselves with leaves. And you know what the young girl said afterwards? She said, "It was quite fun."Mike Really, wasn't she frightened?John I don't think so.Mike So - is there a happy ending?John Yes, well they sent out helicopters as soon as it was daylight and the helicopter hovered over the area, and the man kept talking to them till they were able to pinpoint his location. And when they finally found themthey were only 400 metres away from where they'd expected them to be.Mike Amazing!John And that's because they'd moved 400 metres away from where they'd taken their photos because the ground was too rough to sleep on.Mike Incredible!John And the moral of the story is-Mike Always take your mobile phone with you when you go hiking.John And take one that has a camera.Mike Hey, I think we should go, John.John Yes, OK. You think we're going to get lost?Mike No chance, mate!Passage2Social networking - it's the 21st century way of having fun - online. And if you're under 40, you probably use a social networking site - maybe when you should be working. It's well-known that -. office workers spend up to two hours a day on a site, exchanging messages and photos. And do students ever do anything else? Different social networking sites are used by different age groups.For people in their 20s, the most popular site is Facebook, the online phenomenon started by an American student in 2004. It's taken only four years to make Facebook a huge success - and the website's made its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, a very rich man indeed.What's extraordinary about Zuckerburg is that he started Facebook when he was only 18. He was a student at Harvard, one of America's top universities, when he launched the Facebook website, working from his college room. In only two weeks, more than two-thirds of his college had signed up and in a year, thousands of colleges were using it. Today, Facebook has millions of users. More than half of them visit the site at least once a day.So what makes Facebook so special? Like other networking sites, you create a profile with photos, you list your interests, you exchange messages and join groups of friends. But where Facebook is different is that it gives you a privacy that you just don't get on other sites. Unlike other sites, you have a lot of control over what users can see about you. As a result, one-third of Facebook users give out their mobile numbers - they know it's safe to do so.But you still need to be careful about what you think is safe to show people. One reason is that more and more employers are using Facebook to check out potential employees. Is the person you've just interviewed as good as he seems? Facebook can provide the answer. If a 26-year-old man says on Facebook that he's been travelling round the world for the last three years, and in his interview he said he'd been working in an office - well, he probably won't get the job.Unit 5 All you need is loveListening inPassage 1Interviewer So - tell us about how you first met.Amy How we first met... Oh, it wasn't very romantic.David I thought it was very romantic.Interviewer Why don't you begin at the beginning?Amy Good idea. Well, I was 22 and I'd just left uni and I went on holiday to the French Alps with a girlfriend. Andsomeone invited us to go climbing. But my friend got ill so I went without her. There was this group of about eight guys and two girls.David There were four girls.Amy Alright! Well, anyway, no one had told me that the mountain we were going to climb was - vertical - and that we were climbing with ropes! I was terrified, absolutely terrified, I just really hadn't expected it.David She was terrified! I noticed her immediately. She looked so scared -she was wearing this great hat — but she was white as a sheet.Amy Oh, I don't know about that, but I remember I was shaking all over. David came over and started talking to me and telling me how safe it was with the ropes. And he was so sweet, you know I think I fell in love with him right then.David Yeah, it was the same with me ... We roped up and I made sure I stayed next to her ... I kept talking to her and encouraging her.Amy It really helped. I think I would have fallen off the mountain if you hadn't done that.David Rubbish! You were perfectly safe. Anyway, we got to the summit — it was a kind of flat area - and Amy just collapsed - she couldn't stand up!Amy It's true, I couldn't. I felt -1 was just - everyone ignored me except David - everyone.David Quite a few people came to talk to you.Amy They didn't!David They did!Amy Well, you talked to me, and that's all that mattered.David Thank you!Amy So -David So we climbed back down the mountain.Amy which was just as bad -David and we headed for the nearest village and we both had huge pizzas.Amy I didn't eat a thing! I was still feeling too sick.David You did, you know.Amy You know, you have a terrible memory sometimes.David So do you! ... To cut a long story short, we got married six months later and went on a three-week honeymoon to Barbados.Amy Two weeks!David And we've lived happily ever after.Passage2Presenter And now let's move on to online dating, a way of meeting a potential partner that's becoming more and more popular. James O'Hanlan and Claire Goodall are two online dating experts who are going to give all you listeners advice about how to use online dating safely and successfully. James ...James OK. The first thing to say is, don't be nervous. A lot of people are and it's very understandable. But there's no need to be, provided you follow the rules, which we're going to tell you right now. Isn't that right, Claire? Claire Absolutely.James So, let's begin at the beginning. When you join an online dating site, the first thing you do is give some basic information about yourself. Now, don't be tempted to lie - about your age, for example. If you want a good relationship, you need to be honest. If you're not, you'll get found out and that could be painful.Claire Another thing - it's a good idea to use a photo, you'll get many more replies than if you don't.James But use a recent photo, not one that was taken ten years ago!Claire Let's move on to the next stage. You've had some responses响应and chosen one or two people you'd like to chat with. Now, the most important advice here is, don't give out any personal information until you're 100 per cent sure you're that happy to do so. That includes your real name, your phone numbers, your workplace address and your email address. Use the email facility设备at the website and only give out your email address when you feel completely safe.James And email for as long as you want, it's a great way of getting to know a person. Then, the next stage is to talk on the phone. Now that's very revealing, because you'll hear the person's voice, and also because people have to be spontaneous on the phone - they can't think about what they're going to say for half a day, unlike emails.Claire Then, if you're feeling really comfortable, agree to meet. But always choose a public place. Don't go to someone's home.James A cafe or bar is the best choice.Claire And don't forget to tell a friend where you're going and what time you expect to be back. That's important. James Another good idea is to ask the same friend to call you during the meeting so that if you want to leave quickly you can say that something urgent's come up and you have to go.Claire That's everything! If you follow this advice you should be perfectly safe. And you may find the man - James ... or woman —Claire ... of your dreams!James & Claire Happy hunting!Unit 6 Shop fill you drop!Listening inPassage 1Speaker 1］Interviewer So, how are you enjoying yourself in St Petersburg? What's it like?Speaker 1 Oh, I think it is a very beautiful place.Interviewer What sort of... Is it good for shopping? What do you buy in St Petersburg?Speaker 1Yes, there are things you should buy. Of course, vodka is very good here and the other thing very expensive is the caviar. It is beautiful. Then there are the dolls. What have do they say? Matrioshka dolls. Interviewer Matrioshka dolls. Those wooden dolls that go inside each other?Speaker 1Yes, you take one out and open the top and there is another one. You take off the top and there is another. They get very very small inside. Very small.Interviewer OK.Speaker 1 And of course, the chess. Because they are very famous here in this part of the world to play the chess. Interviewer Yes. And what sort of shops are there? Where's it best to shop?Speaker 1 Oh, here there are very good department stores, where you can buy everything that you like, clothes and everything. And also, lots of small kiosks that are very unique独一无二的, owned by different shopkeepers, you know. And they are all over St Petersburg. Little kiosks and also markets that are very good.And there is a very good museum shop at the museum - at the Hermitage Museum.Interviewer And what are the opening hours?Speaker 1 At the museum?Interviewer Well, all shops, generally. What are the opening hours ... for shopping?Speaker 1 Yes. Usually, they open at around 10 o'clock in the morning and I think they are open to 7 o'clock at night; sometimes even longer, to 8 o'clock.Interviewer And how do you, how do you actually buy things? How do you pay for things? I think, there is a slightly different way of doing this in Russia.Speaker 1 Yes, you point to the thing that you want to buy, which is usually behind the counter or something like that; and then you go to a cash desk to pay. And then you have to go back to the counter and then you take the thing you have bought.Interviewer It sounds as though it's quite a long process.Speaker 1 It is very interesting.Speaker 2Interviewer So, how are you enjoying it in Cairo? What's, what's the shopping like?Speaker 2 Oh, it's fantastic. And the shopping is absolutely great. Um, you can get everything from fantastic little wooden boxes. You can get backgammon boards. You can get all kinds of leather stuff-sandals and so on. Oh, and the thing that they're really famous for here of course, is the water pipes that they call it a sheesha. Interviewer A sheesha. OK. That's the water pipe.Speaker 2 That's right, yes. Yes, they like the smoking here.Interviewer And where are the best places to shop?Speaker 2 Well, I think the best place actually here is to go, if you go to the mediaeval market. It's a commercial centre in the middle of Cairo and - er - they sell lots of fantastic souvenirs there. You can get spices, er, you can get gold and silver, and copper stuff, and - er - they also sell your fruit and veg.Interviewer Uh-huh. When does it open? When are the shops open?Speaker 2 Well, the hours are very good. They open very early in the morning. They stay open till about 10 o'clock at night. You do have to remember, of course, that they take a very long lunch break. So, they are closed for this long time in the afternoon but they, you know, re-open and stay open until late. Oh, and the other thing you have to remember is that they - everything is closed on a Friday.Interviewer Right, and how do you pay for things? Do you have to bargain for, for goods?Speaker 2 Well, bargaining is absolutely a sport here. Uh, they, they do prefer cash always. I think some of the tourist shops will take credit cards but only in the tourist shops. When you start the, the bargaining, you've got to be, well, first of all, you've got to be definite and serious about what you're buying. But don't offer anything like the price that they're asking, the original price. You know, go in at about half the price of what they're asking you.Interviewer That's fascinating迷人的. Thanks very much. Thank you.Speaker 2 That's a great place.Speaker 3Interviewer So, how's your visit to Venice? Is it good?Speaker 3 Oh, amazing. What a place. It's so unique!Interviewer Have you done any shopping? Is it a good place to shopping?Speaker 3 Yes, definitely. They're - you must go and see the glass factories on Murano. They're just something else. Quite expensive but you can get little bits of glass, really nice. Sheets of paper are really nice. Interviewer Yeah.Speaker 3 Also, lace is just... exquisite lace.Interviewer Yes.Speaker 3 Carnival masks, also. All hand-painted.Interviewer Yes, Carnival, yes. I've seen this.Speaker 3 Then, the shops are amazing.Interviewer And where's the best place to shop in Venice?Speaker 3 OK, well, the main shopping street is a street from St Mark's Square to the Academmia Bridge. That's the main bit But if you like food, you have to go to the market at the Rialto Bridge. That's just great food.There's not that many department stores.Interviewer No.Speaker 3 There's just not room for them on the island.Interviewer No. And what time do these shops open and close? What are the opening hours9Speaker 3 Oh, they open in the morning at about 9 or 9.30. And then they close for lunch 12.30 or 1. They'll reopen again - in the winter, 3.30 to 7.30 and in the summer just a bit later - 4 to 8, say.Interviewer Right. And how do you pay? Can you use credit cards or do you have to use cash?Speaker 3 Well, you know, just use cash for the smaller items and they accept credit cards most places for the larger ones, but just make sure you get a receipt.Interviewer Yeah. And are the shops open all week or is there one day when they ...?Speaker 3 Yeah, oh, actually, Monday, they are traditionally closed.Interviewer Yeah, they are closed. Right. Thanks. Well. Sounds very interesting.Passage 2Speaker 1 Have you ever gone down to the local supermarket for some milk or bread and come out with far more than you intended打算to buy? Then you've fallen for the top ten tricks to separate you from your money.Here are the top ten tricks to make you shop.Speaker 2 Number ten. Trolley or basket? Make up your mind.Speaker 1 If you choose a basket, there'll be some heavy goods by the entrance to make you choose a trolley. If you choose a trolley, there's a chance you'll want to fill it up. Make up your mind what you want to buy before you go into the store.Speaker 2 Number nine. Watch out, there are vegetables about.Speaker 1 Supermarkets often put vegetables and fruit near the entrance, so that you fill your trolley with natural, healthy produce and feel good. The problem is, then you don't feel so bad about filling your trolley with unhealthy and expensive items.Speaker 2 Number eight. If you can't find it, just ask!Speaker 1 You'll notice that essential items like bread or milk are placed all over the store, so you'll spend more time looking for them. So if you can't find something, ask for help.Speaker 2 Number seven. Take a shopping list and stick to it!Speaker 1 Supermarkets often change shelves around, so that you're tempted to buy new products while you're looking for the things on your list. It's easier to resist temptation if you only put in your trolley what you planned to buy.Speaker 2 Number six. Beware of the checkout!Speaker 1 Supermarkets often place sweets and magazines at the checkout, because customers who are bored with waiting often add them to their basket or trolley.Speaker 2 Number five. Smells good? Don't believe it!Speaker 1 Many supermarkets pump the smell of freshly baked bread into the store through the air conditioning to make you feel hungry. If you eat before you go, you'll be less tempted to add cakes and snacks to your trolley.。

新标准视听说1 听力原文Unit 1。

Part A。

1. W: Excuse me, what’s your name?M: My name is Tom. Nice to meet you.2. W: What’s this in English?M: It’s a map.3. W: Is this your pencil?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my eraser.4. W: What’s her name?M: Her name is Linda.5. W: Is that your bag?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my sister’s.Part B。

1. M: Excuse me, are you a new student?W: Yes, I am. My name is Alice.2. M: What’s this in English?W: It’s a book.3. M: Is this your pen?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my friend’s.4. M: What’s her name?W: Her name is Mary.5. M: Is that your ruler?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my brother’s. Unit 2。

Part A。

1. W: What’s your telephone number? M: It’s 123-4567.2. W: How do you spell your name?M: M-I-K-E.3. W: What’s your father’s job?M: He’s a teacher.4. W: How old are you?M: I’m twelve years old.5. W: What’s your favorite subject? M: My favorite subject is English. Part B。

新标准视听说1听力原文Unit 1。

Part A。

1. M: Good morning, Mrs. Smith. How are you today?W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. I'm fine, thank you. And you?M: Not bad, thank you.2. W: Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest post office is?M: Sure. Go straight ahead and turn left at the second traffic light. It's on your right. W: Thank you very much.3. M: What's your favorite sport, Linda?W: I like swimming. It's good for my health and I enjoy it.M: That's great. I like swimming, too.4. W: What's the weather like in Beijing today?M: It's sunny and warm. A perfect day for outdoor activities.W: That sounds nice. I wish I could be there.5. M: How do you usually go to work, Mary?W: I usually take the subway. It's fast and convenient.M: I see. I prefer riding a bike. It's good for the environment.Part B。

Unit 1OutsideviewConversation 1Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy? A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford"Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.A; And you will find a job?Li:I think I have to do my Master's before I look for work.But I must admit London is very special.Do you think you would ever leave London?A:Sure, I'd love to come to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think I'll always come back here.Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?Li:Yes, but what could I do here? I had planned to become a teacher.But i have often thought if there was a job i could do here in publishing,maybe as an editor, I'll go for it.A:That's sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit youLi:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.A:Don't make it look too goodLi:Why not?A;Well,if you enjoy working with London Time Off, we don't want you working with anyone elseLi:Oh, working with you and Joe it's great fun and really interesting. I couldn't think of a better way to find out about a cityA;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with usLi:But do you think I'd stand a chance(有可能，有希望)?I mean, I'm not sure if Joe likes meA:Don't even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that you'd know if he didn't like you. Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs togetherA:Hey,right!That would be fun.Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy?李：多美的景色！这是一个伟大的城市！你是否厌倦了伦敦的生活，安迪？A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford"一；“当一个人厌倦了伦敦，他就厌倦了生活，因为伦敦拥有生命可以负担得起”Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?李：这是塞缪尔约翰逊的一句话，不是吗？A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?答：正确，那么你有没有什么计划，当你完成在牛津？Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.李：我有一年去，我想我会回家的。

Unit 1Track l-1-OL-1A.Emily is at the airport. Listen and check the correct box.Josh: Hello?Emily: Hi,Josh?lt’sEmily.Josh: Hi Em. Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emjly: Yes, I’m here, but I don’t see Uncle Tim. Tell me again – what does he look like?Josh: He’s tall, and he’s in his 30s. He has long brown hair.Emjly: 0K…Josh: Oh, and he wears glasses.Emily: No, I don’t seeTrack l-l-OL-2B, Listen again. Emily is looking for a man. What does he look like? Circle the correct answers.Track l-1-OL-3C. Listen again. Who is the man? Check the correct picture. What is didifferentrent about him now?Josh: Hello?Emily: Hi, Josh? It’s Emily.Josh: Hi Em. Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emily: Yes, I’m here, but I don’t see Uncle Tim. Te ll me again –一what does he Iook like?Josh: He’s tall, and he’s in his 30s. He has long brown hair.Emily: 0K…Josh: Oh, and he wears glasses.Emily: No, I don’t see him …Uncle Tim: Excuse me … are you Emily?Emily: Yes … Uncle Tim?Uncle:le Tim: Hi, Emily. How are you?Emily: Fine! Wow, Unc/e Tim, you look different! Josh,Josh … are you there? Uncle Tim is here. He has short, blond hair now. He looks like Brad Pitt! Track l-l-OL-4A. Listen to the description of a famjly photo. Then drag the names from the box and drop them on the right person.Emiljo is in his fifties. He is tall – about 182 cm. He is average weight. He has brown eyes. He has short, curly, gray hair.Kathy is in her forties. She is short. She is slim. She has blue eyes. She has long, straight, blond hair.Michael is young. He is tall. He is average weight. He has dark, brown eyes. Hehas short, curly, blond hair.Alexis and Ashley are twins. They are young. They are average height. They are slim. Alexis has blue eyes, but Ashley has green eyes. They both have long, curly, red hair.Track l-l-OL-5B.Now listen to these people introducing themselves. Then answer the questionsasked.1. I’m Carrie Brown from New York. I’m an art student and I like listening to musicand playing basketball.2. Hello, everyone. My name is Ann Andrews. I come from Wellington, New Zealand.I’m a teacher and I like shopping and hanging out with friends.3. Hi, I’mjulia Sanchez. I’m a reporter from Lima, Peru. I like surfing and blogging.4. My name is Charles Horton, I Iive in Boston, USA. I’m a chef. In my spare time, Ilike painting and traveling.5. I’m George Simmel from Berlin, Germany. I’m a fashion designer. I Iike watchingfilms and jogging very much.6. My name is Kevin Smith. I come from Sydney, Australia. I like cooking andreading detective stories. I’m a finance manager.Track l-l-OL—6A.Look at the picture and listen to the e-mail message. Then tell which one in thepicture is Mr. Ryder.Dear Mr. Peters,Please meet Mr. James Ryder at the ajrport station at 11:00 tomorrow. His flight is UA238 from Los Angeles. He is a tall man in his sixties with gray hair, and he wears big glasses. His meeting with the Marketing Department is at 4:00.Thank you,Kyra GreeneMarketing DepartmentTrack l-1-OL-7B.Listen to another e-mail message. Then tell which one in the picture is Tom.Gina-HELP! Can you meet my friend Tom at the airport tomorrow? My car has big problems and I can’t drive it. Tom is coming on flight KX661 from Denver at 11:00. He’s average height and kind of thin, with Iong blond hair and a mustache. Thanks a million!ChrisTrack l-l-OL-8A.Now listen to the passage. Do you think Andrew Barn is happy being a celebritydouble?Celebrity doublesA group of teenagers is standing outside a hair salon in Manchester, England. Many of them have cameras and are looking in the salon window. Then want to see soccer player David Beckham. A man in the salon looks like Beckham (he has blond hair and Beckham’s good Iooks). But the man in the salon isn’t the famou s soccer player. He’s Andrew Barn – a twenty-tvvo-year-old hairdresser,Barn isn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often stop him on the street and want to take his picture. Barrrn is a hairdresser, but he also makes money as a Beckham double. Barn travels all over Europe as David Beckham. Newspepapers often ‘take his photo. It’s an exciting Iife for the hairdresser from Manchester.Today, many companies work with celebrity doubles. The most popular celebrity doubles look like famous athletes, pop singers, and actors. The companies pay doubles to go to parties and business meetings. Doubles are also on TV and in newspaper ads.Why do people want to look like a celebrity? An Anna Kournikova double in the U.S. says,“I can make good money. I also make a Iot of people happy.”Track l-1-OL-9B.Listen again. Then circle True or False. If a sentence is false, make it true.Track l-l-OL-IOListen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Sun-hee makes plans to meet her cousin at the bus station. Then her co-worker calls and asks Sun-hee to teach a a class. Sun-hee agrees to teach the class, She asks Tara to meet her cousin. She tells Tara what her cousin looks like. S. Sun-hee says that he’s in his thirties, He’s average height and heavyset, and he wears glasses. When Sun-hee comes hoiome, she sees that her cousin /ooks very different. Sun-hee asks Tara,“How did you find him?” Tara Iaughs and she shows Sun-hee a sign that says “Sun-hee Park’s cousin.”Unit2Track l-2-OL-IA.Listen to these three conversations. What is each person doing? Circle thecorrect answer.Conversation 1Man: Next, please!Woman: Hi, here’s my ticket.Man: And where are you going today, Ms. Gregory?Woman: Berljn.Man: May I see your passport, please?Woman: Sure, here you-are,Man: And how many suitcases do you have?Woman: Just one.Conversation 2Man: Too bad it’s our last day in New York. There’s a lot to see. Woman: I know. But at least we’re here-at the Statue of Liberty. Isn’t i t beautiful? Man: Yeah, it is. Hey, we need a photo. Excuse me?Man 2：Yes?Man: Can you take our picture, please?Man 2：Sure.Conversation 3Woman: Welcome to the Ritz Carlton, Shanghai.Man: Thank you. My name is Ian Walters. I have a room for myself and my wife.Woman: Okay. Can I see a credit carc and ID, please?Man: Of course. Here’s my card and my passport.Woman: Thank you. Here are your keys, Mr, Walters. Enjoy your stay.Track l_2_OL2B.Listen again. Complete the sentences with the correct city.Track l-2-OL-3A.Listen to some travel tips for Thailand. How many tips are mentioned?Travel tips for ThailandThailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia, with something for every visitor. There is a lot for you to discover there. But before you go, you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are sonme tipsFirstly, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year, so you should pack sunglasses, T-shirts, and sandals with you.Secondly, you should buy your plane ticket early. Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation, and the plances are very full. Thirdly, the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast, so you should rent a car. Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool. Finally, and this is a very important tip, you shouldn’t take photos outside in the afternoon. It is too sunny and bright. Remember these tips and you will have a great time there. Have fun in Thailand! Track l-2-OL-4B.Listen again and complete the sentences.Track l-2-OL-5A.Listen to the first part of a talk about the weather in some vacation spots, Then fillin the chart with information you hear. For each place, write the best time for a vacation and the reason.Watch the Weather!Most people plan their vacations very careffi]ly. They think a lot about plane tickets, passports, and hotel reservations. But they often forget about one important thing – the weather. You should learn about the right time to visit your vacation spot. Here is some information to help you plan your next vacation.. Italy. The weather is sunny all year, but it’s sometimes cold in winter. April and May are warm and beautiful. From June to September, it’s very hot.. Australia. Summer here is from December to April. It sometimes rains, butweather is usually very good. In winter, it snows a little in some places, but most of Australia isn’t very cold.Track l-2-OL-6B.Now listen to the second part of the talk. Then fill in the rest of the chart＼N协information you hear.Hong Kong, China. The Weather is hot and very humid here a lot of the year. In July and August, it’s sometimes very windy, and there are bad storms. October and November are warm and not so humid, but in December and January, it gets very chilly sometimes.*Germany. From November to April, the weather is cold, cloudy, and snowy. In spring it’s warm, but there’s a Iot of rain.July and August are usually warm and sunny. * India. You shouldn’t travel to fndia from June to September. There is a lot of rain everywhere. From November to April, after the rainy season, the weather is nice and co01. In April and May, it often gets very hot.Track l-2-OL-7A.Study the pictures of these items. Then listen to the passage. How are these fivethings related to each other?In Tokyo, it’s an envelope with $850,000 in cash. At Florida’s Disney World, it’s a glass eye. At a hotel in England, it’s a goat and a false leg. How are all of these things similar? They are unusual things that people Ieave in hotel rooms, in airports, and on city streets. Lrish Martino works in the Lost and Found Center at an airport in a U.S. city. “Sure, we find the usual stuff–cell phones, keys, sunglasses, and wallets,” she says. “But people also forget some weird things at the airport, too.” What does Ms. Martino find? A woman’s false teeth in the bathroom. A mannequin in an airport waiting area.“How do you forget those things?” Martino wonders. Nobuo Hasuda works for the Lost and Found Center in downtown Tokyo. The Center has almost 800,000 items, Three hundred thousand of them are umbrellas! There are also manyother things –jewelry and briefcases, snowshoes and musical instruments. Mr. Hasuda keeps the lost items for six months and two weeks. After this time, the finder can take the item. This is good luck for some people. Remember the money belongs to the finder!Track l-2-OL8B.Listen again. Then complete each sentence with the correct word or number. Rack l-2-OL-9Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Roberto is packing for a trip and Mike is helping him. Mike asks about the souvenirs that Roberto is bringing for his famjly. Roberto explains that the book is for his niece and the small Statue of Liberty belongs to his father. Roberto says that he’s ready to go, but then Mike finds a teddy bear and asks whose it is. Roberto says that it belongs to him and explains that it was a gift from Claudia so he always travels with it. Mike says he thinks the bear makes a cute travel partner for Roberto.Unit 3Track l-3-OL-1A.Listen. What are Ashley and her dad talking about? Check the answer.Dad: Ashley?Ashley: Yeah, Dad! I’m in my room. I’m packing.Dad: Hi, honey. I can’t believe you’re going to college!Ashley: I know.Dad: i: So, what do you want to study?Ashley: Art.Dad: Art?! Come on, Ashley. Be serious.Ashley: I am serious, Dad.Dad: I think you should study business so you can get a good job.Ashley: Business!?Dad: Yes, you’re a smart, organized young woman. It’s perfect for you. Ashley: ; But, Dad … there’s a Iot t can do with an art degree. The business world is very competitive ..,Dad: I don’t know, Ashley …Ashley: Come on Dad. Let’s look at the university website. There’s more information there.Track l-3-OL-2B.Listen again. Complete the sentences.T rack l_3-OL-3A. Listen to a conversation between two interviewers. What are they talking about? Circle the answer.A: I interviewed Sara Foxx. She likes sales, but wants to work part time. Hmm …I spoke with Jason Gray, and he wants to work at home but likes responsibility.A: Does he want to work full time?Yes, he does. How about Sara?Well, she wants to work part time, but she plans to stay at the sales position for at least two years. And she Ioves people,B: What does she plan to do in two years’ time?A: She expects to go to grad school in the future, but she likes thejob.B: Jason likes the job too. He wants to make a good salary and he Ioves to travel. A: Well, Sara hates to fly. It seemsjason would be the person we need. Unfortunately, he doesn’t have any sales eroPetxeTrack l-3-OL-4B Now listen again. Then fill in the chart below about which descriptions are true for Sara and Jason. Check the boxes.Track l-3-OL-5A.Listen to the following famous people talking about the right personality neededfor success. Do you have the right personality for these jobs?I’m Don Pierce. A good actor works very, very hard. People think that actors spend their time at a lot of parties and nightclubs, but that isn’t true. Actors spend hours –many hours –studying their lines for each movie. And you really have to understand people so that you can understand your character in the movie.I’m Janice. I think the most important thing for a good doctor is being a good listener. You have to understand people and their problems. A good doctor likes to solve problems and always wants to help his or her patients. And you can’t be impulsive –you should always be careful. Sometimes the first answer you think of isn’t the right answer. Doctors need a lot of energy, because they are usually hardworking.Hi, I’m Daniel. To be a success in business, you have to work well with groups of people. At the same time, you need to have strong opinions and be ab/e to explain your opinions clearly. Good business-people always like to make new things and try new ideas. They are very organized, and they work very long hours.Track l_3-OL-6B. Now listen again. Then fill in the chart below about which things are important forthe jobs listed. Check the boxes.Track l-3-OL:7C. Listen to a recording and complete the following paragraph. Use words from the box.A good athlete is hardworking. He or she practices for many hours before every game. Athletes should also be competitive. They should always think about their team, and how to win. Good athletes are also independent. They practice alone, even when the coach isn’t there. They are very careful about their health, and they don’t do dangerous things. And they are very serious about their sport – it is the most important thing in their life!Track l-3.OL-8A.Now listen to the passage about four personality types: The Dreamer, The Partner,The Thinker, and The Artist. Which personality type best describe you.The DreamerA dreamer thinks there is a “right” way to do things. This person wants to ljve in the “perfect world.”A Dreamer is often hardworking and organized. Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work as teachers, lavvyers, and in leadership roles.ThePartnerA Partner wants to be in a group. For this person, rules and group harmony are important,丁hese rules lKeep peace in the group. Partners are often serious, careful people. Many do well as teachers, managers, police officers, and politicians. TheThinkerFor Thinkers, understanding things is very important. They like to solve problems and make new things. Thinkers can also be competitive. They Iike to win. They are independent and often have very strong opinions. Many Thinkers work as scientists, inventors: politicians, and engineers.The ArtistArtists want to ‘oe free. They don’t want to follow the rules all the time. Artists like action and are often impulsive. They also like trying new things. Like Thinkers, many Artists have strong opinions. Many artists are creative and do well as musicians, actors, fashion designers, and athlete.Track l- 3-OL-9B. Listen again. C\rcle D for Dreamer, P for Partner, T for Thinker, or A for Artist for each sentence. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.Track l-3-OL-10Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Claudia and Sun-hee are watching a baseball game and start to talk about sports. Claudia says that she plays baseball five or six times a year. Sun-hee says that she often goes swimming and loves to play tennis. She also says that she’s not very competitive and just wants to have fun. When a baseball player invites them to play, Sun-hee as-ks if the game is serious or for fun. The man says it’s for fun, so Claudia and Sun-hee agree to play. But then while she is telling everyone how athletic she and Sun-hee are, Claudia falls ofF the bench!Unit 4Track l-4-OL-IA. Listen to the first part of this radio interview and circle the correct answers. Interviewer: And welcome back to KPLX radio in Los Angeles. We’re talking this morning with Europe’s hottest singer, Yeliz. Thanks forjoining us.Yeliz: Sure! Hello Los Angeles!Interviewer: So, tell us a Iittle about yourself, Yeliz. Where are you from exactly? Yeliz: I was born in Istanbul, but I live in Scotland now. My dad’s Scottish. My mom’s Turkish.Interviewer: You’re only seventeen. What’s it like being successful at your age? Yeliz: It’s pretty exciting. I get to travel, and meet some interesting people.Track l-4- OIL-2B. Listen again. Complete the sentences. Check the correct boxes.Interviewer: And welcome back to KPLX radio in Los Angeles. We’re talking this morning with Europe’s hottest singer, Yeliz, Thanks for joining us.Yeliz: Sure! Hello Los Angeles!Interviewer: So, tell us a little about yourself, Yeliz. Where are you from exactly? Yeliz: I was born in Istanbul, but I live in Scotland now.’My dad’s Scottish. My mom’s Turkish.Interviewer: You’re only seventeen. What’s it like being successful at your age? Yeliz: It’s pretty exciting. I get to travel, and meet some interesting people. Interviewer: You’re touring now, but what are your plans for the future?Yeliz: After the tour, I want to take a break. Then, later this year, I plan to make a new CD.Interviewer: Do you have any advice for other young artists?Yeliz: Well, I’d say follow your dreams. Work hard, and you can be successful. Trackl-4-OL-3A. Listen to a talk about how to become successful in business. What are the thingsyou should do or you shouldn’t do? Complete the sentences,If you want to become a successful businessperson, you should do three things. First, you should think about your goals every day. Make plans for today, tomorrow, and next year. Second, you should join a business club. You can learn a lot from the other members, and they can give you good advice. Third, you shouldn’t work every night and every weekend, Sometimes you should take a break, You get more energy and ideas when you relax. And you need a Iot of energy and ideas to make money! Track l-4-OL-4Listen to a talk about rea/izing dreams.Find your dreamWe all have dreams, but some people actually make their dreams come true. Their secret? They quit dreaming. And they start doing. Even a very big dream starts with small steps, and small goals. Maybe your dream is to become a doctor. Start by thinking about small goals for yourself. Ask, “What can I do today?” You can’t start medical school today, but you can send e-mails and make phone calls to get information about medical schools. Make a list of schools to call, and then call a few of them every day. What do you need for your dream? Tell friends and family members – many of them can help you. For example, you want to become an artist. You need a Iot of cheap paper for drawing. Maybe your friend’s brother throws away a lot of big paper at his office. So, share your dream with the world! Another good idea is talking to people who are doing your dream job. Do you dream about having your own restaurant? Go to your favorite restaurant and ask the owner lots of questions. Most people like to talk about their work.Track l-4-OL-5B. Listen again and complete each sentence.Track l-4-OL-6A. Now listen to two young people talking about their dreams.A lifetime dreamEveryone has his or her own dream jobs. Let’s listen to Yi Wang, a 29-year-old young teacher, and Hicham Nassir, who are going to talk about their dream jobs.“At the moment, I’m teaching chemrstry at a university in Beijing. It’s a good job, but my dream js to make films. In China, young artists move to Beijing from all over the country. Many of them are painters, writers, and actors. I’d like to make a film about their lives and their work.” Wang is writing the film now with help from her friends. But it isn’t easy. “At the moment, the biggest problem is money,” explains Wang. “We don’t have much.” But this isn’t going to stop Wang and her partners. Shesays,“First, we’re going to make this movie. Then, we’d Iike to show it in Chia and, maybe someday, at film festivals around the world.”16-yearold Hicham Nassir is a soccer player. He’s getting ready for a soccer match with his teammates. Hicham, the team’s star player, is a native of Morocco. He now lives in London with his family. “My parents want me to go to college, and major in business or law,” he explains. “They want me to become a lawyer or a successful businessman. I understand them, but I want to be a pro soccer player. And my coach thinks I can do it.”And what about his parents? “I hope they change their minds,”says Hicham.“1 want to play soccer professionally. It’s my dream”.Track l-4-OL-7B. Ljsten again. Then complete each sentence.Track l-4-OL-8Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Mike decides that he needs to change his style. First he’s going to get a haircut. Then he’s going to quit some of his bad habits and travel more. Mike then tells Roberto and Takeshi that he’s going to be rich and famous. They ask if he’s going to become a rock and roll star or maybe a movie star. Mike says “no” and explains that he’s going to write a book that sells a million copies. What’s the book about? Mike’s not sure … but it all starts with a haircut!Unit 5A. Toshi and Isabel are studying English in London. Listen. Circle the correct city. Toshi: Hi, Isabel. How are you?IsabeV: Okay, Toshi … Well, actually, I’m missing Spain today – especially the food. Toshi: You’re from Madrid, right?Isabel: Not exactly. I go to school in Madrid.Toshi: Oh, where do you live, then?Isabel: Getafe. Lt’s a small suburb near Madrid.Toshi: f don’t know it.Isabel: Well, only about 150,000 people live there. It’s kind of boring. But it’s very affordable.Toshi: That’s good. The city I’m from is very expensive. You’re lucky.Lsabel: Yes, but we have a problem: the traffic. Sometimes I drive to school and the traffic is terrible.Track l_5-OL-2A.Listen again. Which words descri’oe the city Isabel lives in? Check the words. Track l-5-OL3A.Listen to a talk about a great city for a vacation.Singapore is a great city for a vacation. There are a Iot of interesting things to see. You can visit Chinatown and Little India, and go shopping on Orchard Road. Singapore also has many good restaurants. There are some great beaches for swimming near the city, and the parks are really beautiful. The city has very good public transportation – you can take a bus, train, or subway. It’s a safe city, and there isn’t much crime. It’s also a clean city. There isn’t much pollution. The only problem is that Singapore is expensive. The population of Singapore is approximately 4.84 million. With a medley of Chinese, Indian and Malay influences and a tropical climate, tasty foocl, good shopping and a vibrant nightlife scene, this Garden City makes a great stopover or springboard into to the region.Track l-5-OL4B. Listen again and fill in the chart with information you hear.Track l-5-OL-5A.Now listen to a passage about cities to go to for vacation.Choosing a cityIstanbul is a very unusual city – one part is in Europe, and the other part is in Asia. About 9 million people live there. Visitors love Istanbul because it has many beautiful, old buildings, and the food is great. At night, the seafood restaurants are very popular. And everything in lstanbul is very affordable for visitors. Traffic is a problem in the city, because there are too many cars for the old streets. There are also subways, trains, and buses, and some people take ats to go between the European side and the Asian side. The weather is very good in summer, but in winter it’s somttimes very cold.Vancouver is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It’s near the mountains and the sea, and there are many great parkks where you can walk, ride a bicycle, or just relax. The city has good public transportation, with buses and fast trains that go everywhere. There are about 600,000 people in Vancouver, but it’s a very clean city, and there’s not much pollution. Two bad points – prices there are very high, and the weather is not veryjgood. Vancouver is famous for rain! But there are many good museums for those rainy days, and in the evening, the city MS great restaurant nightclubs to visit.Track l-5-OL-6B. Listen again. Complete the chart with information about the cities.Vrack l-5-OL-7A. Now listen to a talk aalk about The Best Cites to LiVe in. Read the sentences. Which city does each sentence describe? Someomes both cities are possible.Two magazines recently listed the best cities to live in. Here are two of the cities listed as “the world’s best.”San Jose, Costa Rica. When people think of Costa Rica, they imagine rain forests, rivers, and beautiful beaches. These things are not in San Jose. But this city is still one of the world’s best. Why? Unlike other cities in Central and South America, San Jose has comfortable weather all year (15 C/60 F to 26 C / 79 F). Housing is affordable in San Jose. Also, many of the city’s older neighborhoods are very beautiful and have small hotels, art galleries and cafes. Beautiful volcanoes and mountains surround the city. You can visit them easily from San Jose. Minuses: There’s good public transportation, but traffic and air pollution are a problem in the city center.Hong Kong, China. Why Iive in Hong Kong? Here are two good reasons. The city: This lively city – once a small fishing village – is today an international business center. It is an interesting mix of East and West, old and new. Modern skyscrapers are next to small temples. Popular nightclubs are close to traditional teahouses. Busy crowds fill the streets at all hours of the day. But outside the city, there are parks for walking or relaxing. The food: Hong Kong is famous for its wonderful native dishes (try the dim sum). There’s also food from Europe, North America, and other parts of Asia. Uses: This small city has a large population. How many people live in Hong Kong? Almost seven million! That’s why housing is often very expensive. Traffc and air pollution are also a problem.Track l_5_OL-8B. Listen again. Do you want to Iive in Hong Kong or San Jose? Why or why not? What is important to you in a place to live? Put these items in order from l (very important) to 4 (not so irnportant). Explain yor reasons.Track l-5-OL-9Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Sun-hee and Tara come home and find a note from Claudia. Claudia wants them to meet her at a restaurant called Giovanni’s. She gives Sun-hee and Tara directions to the restaurant, but Tara forgets Claudia’s note. They ask a man for directions, but they don’t understand them. They finally take a taxi to the restaurant. When they get there, they are surprised. The restaurant is right across the street from the subway station!。

新标准大学英语视听说教程1原文Unit 1 Friendship。

Part I Listening-Centered Activities。

Listening I。

Script。

M: Hi, I'm David. I'm from Canada.W: Hi, David. I'm Maria. I'm from Spain.M: Nice to meet you, Maria.W: Nice to meet you too, David.M: Are you a student here?W: Yes, I am. I'm studying English.M: So am I. Are you in the same class as me?W: I don't know. What class are you in?M: I'm in Class 1.W: Oh, I'm in Class 2. But we can still be friends.M: Great! Let's have lunch together.W: Sure. I'd love to.M: How about meeting in front of the school gate at 12:30?W: That sounds good.M: See you then.W: See you.Listening II。

Script。

M: Hi, I'm Tom. I'm from Australia.W: Hi, Tom. I'm Linda. I'm from the UK.M: Nice to meet you, Linda.W: Nice to meet you too, Tom.M: Are you a student here?W: Yes, I am. I'm studying English.M: So am I. What class are you in?W: I'm in Class 2.M: Oh, I'm in Class 1. But we can still be friends.W: Great! Let's have lunch together.M: Sure. I'd love to.W: How about meeting in front of the school gate at 12:30? M: That sounds good.W: See you then.M: See you.Part II Speaking-Centered Activities。

英语听力Unit1How's your college life?Listening in--Task1Good morning,everyone.I'd like to welcome you to City University.I'm Betty Russell and I work in the International Students' Office.I have some important information for you.First,you must enroll by August28th.Pick up your ID card at our office.Then,you'll need to pick up a library card so you can borrow books from the library.Show them your ID card in the library and they will do it for you.You may be thinking about the sports facilities at our school.There's no charge for students,but of course you'll have to show your ID card when you go there.Concerning medical assistance,the university has its own health center,and all services are free for enrolled students.Listening in--Task2John:Hi,Lisa.How's life on campus?Lisa:Hi,John.Oh,not so bad.Pretty good in fact.John:ls that what you think?I mean,do you like living on campus? Lisa:Yeah,l enjoy living here because there are so many people around and it's easy to make friends.What about you?Have you ever lived in a dorm before?John:No,this is my first time.Lisa:I think you'll find it quite convenient.The library,labs,sports center and other facilities are right on campus.John:That's true.The atmosphere here is different.But I guess living in town has its advantages too,like being close to the shopping center.You know,our university is so far from downtown.Lisa:But imagine commuting to classes...I mean,you would have to get up so early to get to class on time.And then going home would take so much time.John:Yeah,but what about the food here?It seems like it's the same thing in the cafeteria every day.Lisa:Well,I think the food here is OK,and if you want a change,you can eat out once in a while.John:True.Listening in--Task3There was a student who wanted very much to gain admission to a study course.He was smart enough to get through the written test and appear for the personal interview.Since the boy answered all the questions correctly,the interviewer decided to corner him."Tell me your choice," said the interviewer to the boy."I shall either ask you ten easy questions or one really difficult.Which option would you prefer?Think before you make up your mind."The boy thoughtfor a while and said,"My choice is one really difficult question." "Well,you have made your own choice!"said the interviewer."Tell me: Which comes first,day or night?"The boy was jolted first but he thought for a while and said,"It's the day,sir.""Why?"asked the interviewer.He was smiling."Sorry,sir,but you promised me that you would only ask me one difficult question!"Admission to the course was thus secured.Further listening and speaking--Task1University life is a new and different experience for me.First of all,living at the university gives me a sense of responsibility,of being on my own.My parents aren't around to say,"No,you're not going out tonight."I decide everything for myself.Being around lots of friendly people is another aspect of university life that I enjoy.When I arrived on campus for my first day,I was a bit confused about where I was going.An upperclassman noticed me and asked,"Are you a new student?"When he found out I was looking for my dorm,he said,"Oh,just follow me;that's where I'm going."Now,I can really say that I feel comfortable in the dorm becausethere are so many friendly people around to talk with.Finally,I love having Fridays off;I would not be able to deal with five days of classes in a row.How did I do it in high school?I love sleeping in on Fridays.I'm sort of a party animal;it seems like I go out every Thursday night.It alsoseems like I don't get home until early the next day!My head hits the pillow and I don't move until Friday afternoon.Further listening and speaking--Task2Though it makes up50%of everyday communication,listening,it seems,is the least taught subject.Listening is more than just hearing:it requires understanding.In an educational setting,listening effectively is critical.Effective listening helps us do our assignments well,and take better notes.Doing these activities well results in better learning and,most of the time,in good grades.In a professional setting,listening is also critical.When you receive an oral message,your response must be correct.If you fail to listen to customers or clients,you may lose THEIR business,and YOUR job!In a personal setting,listening deepens your relationships.When we listen to someone,we say"You are important" without ever speaking a word.When we fail to listen,not only do we not receive the message,but we send the message that we are just plain dumb.Unit2Do you work out?Listening in--Task1I first saw Yao Ming back in1997.Nike had just signed a contract to sponsor the Shanghai Sharks.We had a little party to introduceourselves and to meet the players.A few of US were there when the team walked in.They looked normal;most of them were about6'4"or so.Then,a thin,baby-faced guy came in.He was about7'5".We were all amazed.We couldn't believe his size.And when he started hitting three-pointers,we were really blown away!Our guys in the U.S.didn't believe that there was a Chinese kid that tall.To convince them,we had to bring him to a Nike camp in Paris that summer.Yao had always played against kids who were older than him.This was the first time he was competing with players his own age.Del Harris,then the Lakers coach,was at the camp.He fell in love with Yao Ming.He was telling everybody,"I got to have a picture with that kid.One day he's going to have a real impact on the NBA."Listening in--Task2More and more people today are realizing the importance of regular physical exercise.Physical exercise can make you strong and healthy.By doing some form of physical exercise every day,your level of energy will increase and you will sleep better at night.There are many different forms of physical exercise that suit the various tastes and needs of different people.Take track and field events,for example.Throwing the javelin can strengthen your arm and upper body.The long jump and high jump can strengthen your legs.Basketball,football and volleyball are alsogood forms of exercise.Be careful when choosing the right type of exercise for yourself.If your heart is weak,for example,you should start with light exercise.If you are overweight,know your limits.Don't overdo it.Listening in--Task3One day,a grandfather went golfing with his grandson.The young man was really good and the grandfather was just giving him tips.They were on Hole8and there was a tree in the way.The grandfather said,"When I was your age,I would hit the ball right over that tree." So,the grandson hit the ball and it bumped againstthe tree and landed close to where it had started."Of course,"added the grandfather,"when I was your age,the tree was only three feet tall."Further listening and speaking--Task1Sports are very important in the U.S.,for both spectators and participants.Many people have jobs where they sit for most of the day,So when they have free time,they like to take part in more physical activities.Both team sports and individual activities are popular.Youth sports are usually played either in local clubs or in schools.Most major league sports recruit their players from college or high school teams.Spectator sports are also a major part of American culture.ManyAmericans watch sports weekly,if not daily.Thousands of people attend professional and college sporting events to cheer on their local lions more choose to watch on TV and root from their own living rooms.On TV,American football,baseball and basketball are the most popular sports.Soccer has a long way to go before it is on the same level as the"big three".Although there is some overlapping,football is played in the fall,basketball in the winter and baseball in the spring and summer.American professional teams are privately owned and generally situated in major cities,so they have a large fan base to draw from.There's no government involvement in these leagues.Further listening and speaking--Task2A businessman entered a hotel and placed his umbrella in the stand.Before going upstairs,he tied a card to his umbrella.The card said:"N.B.-This umbrella belongs to a champion heavyweight boxer.Back in ten minutes."In about20minutes he returned,but the umbrella was gone.The card,however,was still there,and on it someone had written: "P.S.-Umbrella taken by a champion long-distance runner.Won't be back at all."Unit3Tell me about your friends.Listening in--Task1I have a picture that sits on my desk in my bedroom.When I have trouble studying,or I'm worried about an exam,I just take a look at it.It is a picture of my best friends.It was taken years ago when we were in high school.It reminds me of the good times we've shared and the support their friendship still gives me today.Even though our lives have gone in different directions,the bond we created has kept us close.We update each other about what's been going on through text messaging,Facebook,and Twitter.I often get e-mails with a joke for the day,or words of comfort about some problems in my life.My friends have shown up for surprise birthday parties,and one of them even traveled two hours from the other end of town just to watch my first English speech contest.Our friendship has carried me through a lot of difficult experiences,and has enriched the good ones.It is the kind of friendship that outlasts disagreements,changes,and separation.Listening in--Task2As a foreign student,I have a number of problems.The biggest one is meeting people.I feel confident about my ability to cope with problems in my studies,but I'm not comfortable making friends with other students,especially local ones.Perhaps I'm worrying unnecessarily,but I find it difficult to talk to them.The primary reason is the language barrier.My English is quite standard and formal,and although that helpsme with my academic work,I have trouble understanding other students when they are just chatting.It seems I really need informal,colloquial English.Besides,there's the cultural gap.That's why it's so difficult for overseas students and native English-speaking students to really get to know each other.I really want to overcome this difficulty.I guess the best way to begin is to start talking about coursework that we share,and then I could suggest going for a cup of tea or coffee.Over coffee we could get to know each other.Another way would be to join a club on campus,because that immediately gives us something in common with other people there.Further listening and speaking--Task1One day,I saw a kid from my class walking home from school.His name was Robert.It looked like he was carrying all of his books.I thought to myself,"Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday?" Then,I saw a bunch of kids running toward him.They ran at him,knocking all his books out of his arms.His glasses went flying.He looked up and I saw terrible sadness in his eyes.My heart went out to him.As I handed his glasses,there was a big smile on his face.I helped him pick up his books.We talked all the way home,and I carried his books.Monday morning came,and there was Robert with the huge stack of books again.Over thenext four years,we became best friends.On graduation day,Robert gave aspeech on behalf of the class.He said,"I am here to tell you a story."l just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met.He had planned to kill himself that weekend.He talked of how he was carrying his stuff home."Thankfully,"he said,"my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable."Not until that moment did I realize that sometimes,with one small gesture,you can change a person's life.Further listening and speaking--Task2You may have a lot of friends and expect your friendships to last a lifetime.However,not everybody can make lifelong friendships.Friends sometimes misunderstand each other.For one thing,you may want your friends to be near at hand,but also you need your independence and privacy.For example,when one of your friends comes asking if it is all right to spend the evening at your house,sometimes you just say"no"to him or her because it is not convenient for you.Unfortunately,not all your friends understand this type of independence.Some people believe that friends can ask for any favor and the answer should always be "yes".Also,misunderstanding sometimes occurs when you ask for help.You may expect your friends to help you no matter what the circumstances are.But the fact is,your friends may not always drop everything to satisfy each of your needs.This may make you angry with them and your friendship could fade.The most important thing for youand your friends is to always show understanding and respect for each other.Unit4How's the weather today?Listening in--Task1We all know that people cannot control the weather.However,we can predict important short term changes in the weather.This is called weather forecasting.Many people rely on the weatherperson to provide that information,but one method of weather forecasting is simply to use your eyes and your brain.For example,if you see a rainbow in a rainy evening,it means that the weather will soon be clear and fine.Sometimes distant objects such as hills and tall trees appear very clear and near;this means that there is a lot of water vapor in the air.It is usually a sign of rain.If fog appears around sunrise,then the day will be warm.If the sunset is mostly red,then the following day will be fine.Clear,twinkling stars at night are also a sign of fine weather.Listening in--Task2M:Hey,Jane!Does everyone know what time to meet us this weekend for the picnic?W:Yeah.They'll all be here at11sharp!I've got all the food and drinks for the barbecue,and Tom is bringing the grill.M:OK.I've got that old net;we can use it for beach volleyball.W:Oh,I forgot to tell you.I've invited Class Two and Three as well.We'll be able to have a volleyball match,one class against the other.That'll be great fun.M:Did you check the weather?I hope it's going to stay nice for the weekend.We can't have a picnic in the rain.W:No worries!I watched the weather forecast last night,and the weatherperson said it's going to be fine——maybe a little cloudy,but DEFINITELY no rain!(Next morning)M:What terrible weather!It's raining buckets!W:There's no way we can go out in that.The weatherperson is useless——I hope they had a picnic today,too.M:I don't know what's happened with the weather these days.When I was little,we never had this much rain in the summer.W:l agree.And have you noticed that winter is warmer now as well?We always used to get snow in January.Now winter is more like spring! M:You're telling me.I bet it's all the pollution and the hole in the ozone layer that's changing the weather.W:Oh,global warming and all that.M:I guess we'll have to take a rain check on the picnic.Listening in--Task3A film crew was on location deep in the desert.One day an old man went up to the director and said,"Tomorrow,rain."The next day it rained.A week later,the old man went up to the director and said,"Tomorrow,storm."The next day there was a hailstorm."This old man is incredible,"said the director.He told his secretary to hire the old man to predict the weather.However,after several successful predictions,the man didn't show up for two weeks.Finally the director sent for him."I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow,"said the director,"and I'm depending on you.What will the weather be like?"The old man shrugged his shoulders."Don'tknow,"he said."The radio broke!"Further listening and speaking--Task1You may not believe that our mental energy varies from season to season,but some people think that it does.Research has shown that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.Scientists have discovered that cool weather helps creative thinking much more than warm weather does.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking.People seem to be a lot sharper in spring than they are in any other season.One reason may be that in spring,people's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bringabout great changes in nature.Fall is the next best season,then winter.Summer seems to be the best time to take a long vacation from thinking.This does not mean thatall people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year.It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of most people tend to be lowest in summer.Be aware of these facts,and you will make the most of your talents.Further listening and speaking--Task2Although he was a qualified meteorologist,Hopkins ran up a terrible record of forecasting for the TV news program.He became something of a local joke when a newspaper began keeping a record of his predictions and showed that he'd been wrong almost three hundred times in a single year.That kind of notoriety was enough to get him fired.He moved to another part of the country and applied for a similar job.One blank on the job application asked the reason for leaving his previous position.Hopkins wrote,"The climate didn't agree with me.'Unit5What's your favorite food?Listening in--Task1Eating habits in America really get a lot of criticism.But the truthis,it depends on where in America you look.In big cities,people are becoming more health-conscious every day.This is shown by what foods they buy in supermarkets,and what restaurants they eat in.There is now a big push for"green"foods that are grown naturally.In cities like New York and Chicago,restaurants offer new and healthy styles to stay ahead of the competition.However,these habits contrast with those in America's heartland.Here,people tend to eat more traditional and fattier,such as breakfasts of eggs,bacon,sausages,toast and other greasy,but delicious foods.Fast food chain restaurants such as McDonald's and the Olive Garden,which serve cheaper food,draw a lot of customers and are popular in most places.Listening in--Task2W:John,I'm really hungry!M:Just get anything you want;it's on me today.I'm thinking about a hamburger and some chicken McNuggets.W:Thanks.That sounds good.I love the milk shakes here.M:Me,too.McDonald's has a really special formula.W:Right.And no matter where you go in the world,you can always see similar menu items and the same high level of quality in McDonald's. M:It's true.They also do well because of diversity.I mean,they selldifferent products according to people's tastes and preferences in different areas.W:Right.Like the Spicy Chicken Sandwich and Seafood Soup that they sell in China.They could never sell that here!M:But I've heard that McDonald's is really losing market share in the States now,and has closed some restaurants.W:Yeah.It's just so difficult to stay competitive when there are so many fast food chains in the States.I mean there are KFC,Pizza Hut,and A&W, just to name a few.M:It seems that they're doing better overseas,'cause they're really able to sell American culture.W:Yeah.They use all the media they can,and they do a good job.Further listening and speaking--Task1Food is national and international.Many people like their own national dishes and a variety of foreign ones.You can find European and Asian restaurants in most large cities.You can find Italian,French,Chinese,and Mexican restaurants in New York,Washington,San Francisco,and many other cities in the United States.You might also find Greek and Middle Eastern restaurants in some American cities.American hamburgers and hot dogs are popular in Tokyo and Paris.In almost every country you will findrice,potatoes,eggs,bread,soup,meat,vegetables,milk,fruit,and other basic foods.People just cook them differently in different countries.People all over the world also prefer different things to drink.The English drink a lot of tea,and the French drink a lot of wine.Americans prefer coffee,milk or soda.German beer is now completely international.Children are often very conservative about new foods.In the United States they often prefer to eat thesame three or four dishes:hamburgers and French fries,hot dogs,fried chicken,and ice cream.Further listening and speaking--Task2I've always ordered my soft drinks in a simple way.For example,I might say"A Coke,please."Lately,though,this hasn't seemed to work.Servers now often respond,"Regular Coke,Diet Coke or Coke Zero?"Or,they may say:"I'm sorry,we don't have Coke.We have Pepsi,Diet Pepsi,Dr.Pepper,7-Up,Hartridges,Virgin Cola,Sprite,and Red Bull."Exhausted by listening to the long list of soft drinks,I thought I'd make life easier.So one day I simply asked the snack bar staff at a cinema for a"dark,cold,carbonated drink".The young man behind the counter smiled and asked,"Yes,sir,and would you like a long,thin,cylindrical plastic sucking device with that?"Unit6Being healthy felt great!Listening in--Task1lf you're a young lady in your twenties,you may either be on a diet or wondering which diet to follow.Indeed,people are so concerned with their appearance that the word"diet"has lost its original meaning.It now has the same meaning as"weight loss diet".There was a time when women bound their waists to have a nice figure.Then came Twiggy,a British supermodel most famous in the1960s,and since then everyone has wanted to look like a twig.Because of this trend,many diets have become popular.Very often you meet young girls who look weak enough to blow away in thewind,yet they are still talking about diets!However,extreme diets can lead to health problems.Many such dieters may end up with very serious eating disorders.Princess Diana suffered from an excessively strong appetite;Karen Carpenter,a popular singer of the1970s,died of loss of appetite.You should know that looking good is important but not when it comes at the risk of your healthor your life.Better eating habits and proper exercise are all you need to be fit and look good.Listening in--Task2(D=Doctor,male;S=Student,female)D:Hello,I'm Dr.Black.How're you feeling?S:I'm not feeling well,doctor.D:What seems to be the problem?S:I don't know.I just feel tired all the time.I want to sleep all day.I'm not interested in studying or being with people.D:How long has this been going on?S:Almost one month now.D:Are there any other symptoms?S:I'm just tired.D:DO you have many friends?S:I don't really have many here.I'm an international student.D:I imagine that many things in your life here are different from your life at home.S:Yeah,my life's changed a lot.Food,customs,socializing...Even body language and gestures are all different from what I'm used to in my own country.D:How long have you lived here?S:Almost three months now.It seems much longer;it's a struggle for me to get used to the new way of life here.D:Hmm.Well,let's check you over.(a few minutes later)Well,I don't see anything physically wrong with you.Your heart is strong.Your lungs are clear.Your blood pressure is normal.S:Then what do you think is wrong with me,doctor?D:Your problem seems to be culture shock.Sometimes when people move to a new location,especially a new country,they experience culture shock. Sometimes this culture shock can be serious,and people become very depressed.I suggest that you try to spend some time each week with people from your own culture.S:But my teachers tell me to speak English all the time.D:I understand,but right now we need to deal with your symptoms.Follow my advice,and you'll feel better.S:How long does this last?D:Culture shock lasts for a while and then begins to disappear.The length of time varies from person to person.If you aren't feeling better in two or three weeks,please call me again.Further listening and speaking--Task1While every university in America have their own policies and creates their own rules,most provide some type of medical service or health insurance for students,especially large universities.If students have a cold,or other illnesses,they can see a doctor,and they may also seek medical advice on a range of issues.Free testing for STDs such as HIV is a major part of disease prevention——sharing important information about the epidemic is alsoimportant.If students need a major operation or procedure,they must seek outside assistance,but the school may help them to make the arrangements.Smaller universities and colleges are not likely to provide in-depth medical assistance;they usually deal with small problems in housing,and assist students in taking care of major issues off campus.Universities and colleges without student housing do not offer medical services.Further listening and speaking--Task2There's nothing gradual about the flu.It hits you like a hammer.One minute you're feeling fine,and the next you can be shivering,burning up,and then shivering again.In minutes,your legs become weak and your body aches in places that have never hurt before.Influenza can break out so suddenly that people can sometimes say,"It hit me at exactly nine last night."But whether the flu strikes at night or on the bus to school,there's just one thing a victim wants to do:lie down in bed.A healthy person can fight off the flu in three to five days,though coughing and tiredness can last two more weeks.An attack of the flu is often followed by another illness.Doctors recommend that old people,or people of any age with heart or lung problems,get a flu vaccine every year.Because flu viruses change all the time,a new vaccine must be prepared each year to protect against future attacks.Unit7How much does it cost?Listening in--Task1Malls are popular places in the United States.People like malls for many reasons.They feel safe because malls have private security guards and sometimes even police stations.Parking is usually free,and the weather inside is always fine.The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees.The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota.It covers4.2million square feet.It has350stores,eight nightclubs,and a seven-acre park!There are parking spaces for12,750cars.About750,000people shop there every week.The first indoor mall in the United States was built in1965in Minnesota,but now malls are like town centers where people come to do many things.They shop,eat foods from all over the world,and see movies at theaters.Some people even get their daily exercise from the new sport of"mall walking".Others go to malls to meet friends.In some malls,people can see a doctor or a dentist and even attend church.Basically,people can do just about anything in malls.Listening in--Task2W:Hey,Don,online shopping is so popular nowadays.Where is a good place to buy electronics online?。

第一册Unit1,Lesson ATrack1-1-1A.listen to three people from the pen pals website.Match the name of the speaker with his or her interest:Fiona:Hi,I’m Fiona.I’m from Sydney,Australia.I’m19,and a student at the University of Canberra.I’m majoring in computer science.When I’m not studying,I like going to the movies. Miguel:Hi,I’m Miguel.I’m from Mexico City.I’m28and I’m a math teacher.In my free time,I like playing soccer with my fiends.Hiromi:Hi,I’m Hiromi,and I’m from Tokyo.I’m24,and I’m a graphic artist.When I have some free time,I usually work on a comic book I’m creating.The main character’s name is Damen. Track1-1-2B.listen again.Answer the questions about the people.Check the correct box.Track1-1-3B.Mariana and Danny live in the same apartment building.Are they meeting for the first time? Listen to their conversation.Mariana:Hi.My name is Mariana.I’m in apartment201.Danny:Hi,Mariana.I’m Danny.I’m in302.It’s nice to meet you.Mariana:Nice to meet you,too.Danny:So,are you a student,Mariana?Mariana:yeah,I study music at NYU.Danny:That’s interesting.Mariana:What do you do,Danny?Danny:I’m a student at Hunter College.I also work in an art gallery.Track1-1-4C.Listen again.Practice the conversation.Then practice with your information.Track1-1-5C.Listen to Dan describing himself and Dayanne describing her friend.Pay attention to the expressions used for describing people.Then describe yourself to your partner.1.My name is Dan and I’m from the United States.I’m28years old and work at a hospital.I speak English,and Spanish and Portuguese.I’m pretty tall.I’m about six feet.I have a muscular build and short blonde（头发金黄色的）hair.I have hazel（淡绿褐色的）-colored eyes.2.I have a friend who looks like Antonio Banderas.He’s tall,dark hair,brown eyes,but he’s thin and Antonio Banderas is a little more muscular.Track1-1-OL-1A.Emily is at the airport.Listen and check the correct box.Josh:Hello?Emily:Hi,Josh?It’s Emily.Josh:Hi Em.Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emily:Yes,I’m here,but I don't see Uncle Tim.Tell me again–what does he look like?Josh:He’s tall,and he’s in his30s.He has long brown hair.Emily:OK…Josh:Oh,and he wears glasses.Emily:No,I don’t see him…Track1-1-OL-2B.Listen again.Emily is looking for a man.What does he look like?Circle the correct answers.Track1-1OL-3C.Listen again.Who is the man?Check the correct picture.What is different about him now?Josh:Hello?Emily:Hi,Josh?It’s Emily.Josh:Hi Em.Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emily:Yes,I’m here.But I don’t see Uncle Tim.Tell me again---what does he look like? Josh:He’s tall,and he’s in his30s.He has long brown hair.Emily:OK…Josh:Oh,and he wears glasses.Emily:No,I don’t see him…Uncle Tim:Hi,Excuse me…are you Emily?Emily:Yes…Uncle Tim?Uncle Tim:Hi,Emily.How are you?Emily:Fine!Wow,Uncle Tim,you look different!Josh Josh…are you there?Uncle Tim is here. He has short,blond hair now.He looks like Brad Pitt!Track1-1-OL-4A.Listen to the description of a family photo.Then drag the names from the box and drop them on the right person.Emilio is in his fifties.He is tall–about182cm.He is average weight.He has brown eyes.He has short,curly,gray hair.Kathy is in her forties.She is short.She is slim.She has blue eyes.She has long,straight,blond hair.Michael is young.He is tall.He is average weight.He has dark,brown eyes.He has short,curly, blond hair.Alexis and Ashley are twins.They are young.They are average height.They are slim.Alexis has blue eyes,but Ashley has green eyes.They both have long,curly,red hair.Track1-1-OL5B.Now listen to these people introducing themselves.Then answer the questions asked.1.I’m Carrie Brown from New York.I’m an art student and I like listening to music and playing basketball.2.Hello,everyone.My name is Ann Andrews.I come from Wellington,New Zealand.I’m a teacher and I like shopping and hanging out with friends.3.Hi,I’m Julia Sanchez.I’m a reporter from Lima,Peru.I like surfing and blogging.4.My name is Charles Horton.I live in Boston,USA.I’m a chef.In my spare time,I like painting and traveling.5.I’m George Simmel from Berlin,Germany.I’m a fashion designer.I like watching films and jogging very much.6.My name is Kevin Smith.I come from Sydney,Australia.I like cooking and reading detective stories.I’m a finance manager.Track1-1-OL-6A.Look at the picture and listen to the e-mail message.Then tell which one in the picture is Mr.Ryder.Dear Mr.Peters,Please meet Mr.James Ryder at the airport station at11:00tomorrow.His flight is UA238from Los Angeles.He is a tall man in his sixties with gray hair,and he wears big glasses.His meeting with the Marketing Department is at4:00.Thank you.Kyra GreeneMarketing DepartmentTrack1-1OL-7B.Listen to another e-mail message.Then tell which one in the picture is Tom.Gina--HELP!Can you meet my friend Tom at the airport tomorrow?My car has big problems and I can’t drive it.Tom is coming on flight KX661from Denver at11:00.He’s average height and kind of thin,with long blond hair and a mustache.Thanks a million!ChrisTrack1-1-OL8A.Now listen to the passage.Do you think Andrew Barn is happy being a celebrity double?Celebrity doublesA group of teenagers is standing outside a hair salon in Manchester,England.Many of them have cameras and are looking in the salon window.Then want to see soccer player David Beckham.A man in the salon looks like Beckham(he has blond hair and Beckham’s good looks).But the man in the salon isn’t the famous soccer player.He’s Andrew Barn--a twenty-two–year–old hairdresser.Barn isn’t surprised by the teenagers.People often stop him on the street and want to take his picture.Barn is a hairdresser,but the also makes money as a Beckham double.Barn travels all over Europe as David Beckham.Newspapers often take his photo.It’s an exciting life for the hairdresser from Manchester.Today,many companies work with celebrity doubles.The most popular celebrity doubles look like famous athletes,pop singers,and actors.The companies pay doubles to go to parties and business meetings.Doubles are also on TV and in newspaper ads.Why do people want to look like a celebrity?An Anna Kournikova double in the U.S.says,"I can make good money.I also make a lot of people happy.”Tack1-1-OL-9B.Listen again.Then circle True or False.If a sentence is false,make it true.Unit1,Lesson BGlobal ViewpointsNick:My name is Nick Raducanu.I’m23years old and I’m from the United States.I speak English and I also speak French.Woo Sung:My name is Woo Sung.I’m from Seoul,Korea.I am20years old and I’m a student.I speak English,Korean,and French.Natalie:My name’s Natalie Danglade.I’m25years old.I live in the United States and I’m a reporter at a television.Dayanne:My name is Dayanne Leal.I am from Brazil and my first language is Portuguese.I’m not very tall and also I’m not very skinny.I have brown eyes and short brown hair.Dan:My name is Dan and I’m from the United States.I’m28years old and I work at a hospital.I speak English,and Spanish and Portuguese.I’m petty tall.I’m about six feet.I have a muscular build and short blonde hair.I have hazel-colored eyes.Kevin:My name is Kevin Truong.I’m24years old.I have short black hair,brown eyes,and an athletic build.I have a sister named Sabrina.She is short,muscular,and tan.Dayanne:I have a friend who looks like Antonio Banderas.He’s tall,dark hair,brown eyes,but he’s thin and Antonio Banderas is a little more muscular.Woo Sung:I don’t really look like my parents.They’re both short and I’m tall.I do look like my sister.She’s tall and thin like me.Natalie:My daughter has curly black hair,she’s short,light-skinned,and she’s really cute.City LivingSun-hee’s favorite cousinSun-hee:Of course I’ll pick you up,Jung-Yoon.You’re my favorite cousin.Great.I’ll see you at the bus station at3:00.Have a great trip!Bye.(phone rings)Hello?Professor Albee:Sun-hee,it’s Professor Albee at NYU.Sun-hee:Oh,hi Professor Albee.How are you?Professor Albee:Fine,thanks.Ms.Leska is sick today.She has a class from2:00to4:00p.m. Can you teach her class?Sun-hee:Oh,sorry.My cousin is visiting this week from Seattle,and he arrives today at3:00. Professor Albee:Oh,I see.Gee,I don’t know what to do.Sun-hee:Well...wait.Listen,my roommate Tara can go to the bus station and meet my cousin. Ms.Leska always helps me.Professor Albee:That’s great!Thanks a lot.See you at1:30.Sun-hee:Bye.Professor Albee:Bye.Tara:Sure,Sun-hee.I’d love to meet your cousin.So what does he look like?Sun-hee:Well,he’s in his30s.Tara:OK.Sun-hee:And he’s about average height--5’6”.And he’s pretty heavy set.Tara:Uh-huh.Sun-hee:And he has really long black hair and brown eyes.Tara:OK.So,does he speak English?Sun-hee:Yes,he does.Oh,and I almost forgot:he wears really big glasses.Tara:Got it.Sun-hee:Thanks so much for doing this for me.Tara:Hey,what are friends for?Sun-hee:Oh wow!I’m really late!I’ll meet you back here at4:30with my cousin.Tara:Sure,no problem.Sun-hee:Bye.Sun-hee:Jung-Yoon!Oh my gosh!Jung-Yoon:Sun-hee!Sun-hee:Wow.You look so different.You’re so thin!Jung-Yoon:I eat healthier food now.And I go to the gym every daySun-hee:Good for you!Hey,where are your glasses?Jung-Yoon:Contact lenses.Sun-hee:Oh,and your hair?It’s so short.It looks good on you.You look great!Jung-Yoon:hey,thanks!Sun-hee:(to Tara)How did you find him?He looks so different now.Tara:(holding sign saying“Sun hee Park’s cousin”)Ta-dah!Track1-1-OL-10Listen to the story summary.Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Sun-hee makes plans to meet her cousin at the bus station.Then her co-worker calls and asksSun-hee to teach a class.Sun-hee agrees to teach the class.She asks Tara to meet her cousin.She tells Tara what her cousin looks like.Sun-hee says that he cousin looks very different.Sun-hee asks Tara.“How did you find him?”Tara laughs and she shows Sun-hee a sign that says“Sun-hee Park’s cousin.”Unit2Lesson ATrack1-2-1A.Listen to the three conversations.How’s the weather?Check the correct pictures. Conversation1Man:Mary,are you ready to go?Woman:Go…go where?Man:To the beach.It’s too hot to be in inside today.Woman:Too late.A bad thunderstorm is here.Look out the window.It’s raining.Man:Oh,you’re right.Now what do we do?Conversation2Woman:Hey,Charlie.Are you okay?Man:No,not really.This weather makes me feel down.Woman:Oh,I know.January is a terrible month sometimes.I have an idea.Let’s go for a walk. Man:In the snow?No,thanks.Woman:But it’s not snowing now.It’s freezing,but at least it’s clear and sunny.Man:Oh,OK.Let me get my jacket.Conversation3Man:Mom,can I use the car?Woman:The car?Man:Yeah,I’m going to the movies.Woman:Why don’t you walk to the theater?It’s close,and it’s a lovely autumn evening.Man:It’s too cold and windy to walk,Mom.Woman:Sorry,dear.Your dad has the car.Man:Oh,Well,maybe I’ll watch a movie on TV instead.Track1-2-2B.Listen again.Do the people go outside or stay inside?Check the boxes.Track1-2-3B.Read the conversation and listen.What does Juliet suggest taking to San Francisco?Why? Juliet:Are you packing for your trip,Kyle?Kyle:Yes…See?I have T-shirts,shorts,and my sandals.（凉鞋）Juliet:For San Francisco?Kyle:Yeah.What’s wrong?It’s July.Juliet:I know,but it’s often foggy and cold there in the summer.Kyle:Really?Juliet:Yeah.You should take some sweaters and long pants,too.Kyle:Oh,okay.There are some in my closet.Track1-2-4C.Listen to two people giving advice about visiting their countries.Then suggest a trip within China to your partner.1.When visiting Brazil you should bring your bathing suit and your sun lotion（护肤乳）and definitely(肯定地，确切地)visit the beaches in Brazil because they are beautiful.2.In Argentina,you should visit lguazu Falls and the glaciers in the south of the country. You should also watch a tango（探戈舞，探戈舞曲）performance and in a restaurant you should order Argentine beef.It is delicious!Track1-2-OL-1A.Listen to these three conversations.What is each person doing?Circle the correct answer. Conversation1Man:next,please!Woman:Hi,here’s my ticket.Man:And where are you going today,Ms.Gregory?Woman:Berlin.Man:May I see your passport,please?Woman:sure,here your are.Man:And how many suitcases do you have?Woman:Just one.Conversation2Man:Too bad it’s our last day in New York.There’s a lot to see.Woman:I know.But at least we’re here at the Statue of Liberty.Isn’t it beautiful?Man:Yeah,it is.Hey,we need a photo.Excuse me?Man2:Yes?Man:Can you take our picture,please?Man2:Sure.Conversation3Woman:Welcome to the Ritz Carlton,Shanghai.Man:Thank you.My name is Ian Walters.I have a room for myself and my wife.Woman:Okay.Can I see a credit card and ID,please?Man:Of course.Here’s my card and my passport.Woman:Thank you.Here are your keys,Mr.Walters.Enjoy your stay.Track1-2-OL-2B.Listen plete the sentences with the correct city.Track1-2-OL-3A.Listen to some travel tips for Thailand.How many tips are mentioned?Travel tips for ThailandThailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia,with something for every visitor.There is a lot for you to discover there.But before you go,you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are some tips.Firstly,the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year,so you should pack sunglasses,T-shirts, and sandals with you.Secondly,you should buy your plane ticket early.Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation,and the planes are very full.Thirdly,the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast,so you should rent a car.Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool.Finally,and this is a very important tip,you shouldn’t take photos outside in afternoon.It’s too sunny and bright!Remember these tips and you’ll have a great time there.Have fun in Thailand!Track1-2-OL-5A.Listen to the first part of a talk about the weather in some vacation spots.Then fill in the chart with information you hear.For each place,write the best time for a vacation and the reason. Watch the Weather!Most people plan their vacations very carefully.They think a lot about plane tickets,passports, and hotel reservations.But they often forget about one important thing–the weather.You should learn about the right time to visit your vacation spot.Here is some information to help you plan your next vacation.Italy.The weather is sunny all year,but it’s sometimes cold in winter.April and May are warm and beautiful.From June to September,it’s very hot.Australia.Summer here is from December to April.It sometimes rains,but the weather is usually very good.In winter,it snows a little in some places,but most of Australia isn’t very cold. Track1-2-OL-6B.Now listen to the second part of the talk.Then fill in the rest of the chart with information you hear.Hong Kong,China.The Weather is hot and very humid here a lot of the year.In July and August, it’s sometimes very windy,and there are bad storms.October and November are warm and not so humid,but in December and January,it gets very chilly sometimes.Germany.From November to April,the weather is cold,cloudy,and snowy.In spring it’s warm, but there’s a lot of rain,July and August are usually warm and sunny.India.You shouldn’t travel to India from June to September.There is a lot of rain everywhere. From November to April,after the rainy season,the weather is nice and cool.In April and May,it often gets very hot.Track1-2-OL-7A.Study the pictures of these items.Then listen to the passage.How are these five things related to each other?In Tokyo,it’s an envelope with$850,000in cash.At Florida’s Disney World,it’s a glass eye.At a hotel in England,it’s a goat and a false leg.How are all of these things similar?They are unusual things that people leave in hotel rooms,in airports,and on city streets.Irish Martino works in the Lost and Found Center at an airport in a U.S.city.“Sure,we find the usual stuff—cell phones, keys,sunglasses and wallets,”she says.“But people also forget some weird things at the airport,too.”What does Ms.Martino find?A woman’s false teeth in the bathroom.A mannequin in an airport waiting area.“How do you forget those things?”Martino wonders.Nobuo Hasuda works for the Lost and Found Center in downtown Tokyo.The Center has almost800,000items.Three hundred thousand of them are umbrellas!There are also many other things—jewelry and briefcases,snowshoes and musical instruments.Mr.Hasuda keeps the lost items for six months and two weeks.After this time,the finder can take the item.This is good luck for some people. Remember the envelope in Tokyo with$850,000?The owner did not claim it.Now the money belongs to the finder!Track1-2-OL-8B.Listen again.Then complete each sentence with the correct word or number.Unit2,Lesson BGlobal ViewpointsThe weatherJennifer:In my hometown it’s usually hot and sunny,but sometimes it rains.Dan:I grew up in central Texas where the weather is very hot.There are a lot of rainstorms,and in the wintertime it gets into the40s and50s.Dayanne:In Brazil we basically have two seasons—summer and winter.In the summer it’s very, very hot.But in the winter it’s not so cold.But we do have some rain sometimes.Alyssa:Where I live the weather changes throughout the year.There are four seasons:summer, fall,winter and spring.I don’t like the winter very much because I don’t like to be cold. Daniel:In Jamaica it’s pretty warm year round.There’s a rainy month–September.My favorite season is winter because I like winter sports,which is strange because I’m from Jamaica.What should I do?Dayanne:When visiting Brazil you should bring your bathing suit and your sun lotion and definitely visit the beaches in Brazil because they are beautiful.Dan:If you come to Texas you should visit San Antonio where the Alamo is located because it’s a historical site.Jennifer:When you visit Florida you should bring a swimming suit,sun block,and a beach towel. You should also bring lots of shorts and T-shirts.And you should visit the Everglades where you can see alligators.Alejandra:In Argentina,you should visit lguazu Falls and the glaciers in the south of the country. You should also watch a tango performance and in a restaurant you should order Argentine beef.It is delicious!City LivingAnother souvenir?Mike:Roberto,why are you bringing a sweater to Mexico City?It’s summer there,so it’s really hot,right?Roberto:It’s usually hot in the day but sometimes at night it gets chilly.Mike:Oh.Well,what about the business suit?Isn’t it a vacation?Roberto:Yes and no.I have a big meeting on Tuesday,so I’m bringing the suit.But after Tuesday, it’s vacation time!Mike:Who are all the gifts for?Roberto:Oh,my family lives in Mexico City so I’m bringing them some souvenirs from New York.Mike:And,who’s the book for?Roberto:It’s for Maria,my niece.She’s ten years old.Mike:Ten?You should get her something more fun—like a video game!Roberto:Maria is young,but she loves books.She’s really smart.Mike:Huh.What about this?Is this hers too?Roberto:Oh that?That belongs to my Dad.It’s a souvenir from his New York visit,but he forgot it.Do you think I should get him another present?Mike:Well,that already belongs to him.Hey you should get him a New York T-shirt or maybe a Yankees cap?Roberto:Good idea.I can get that at the airport.That’s it.Mike:Do you have your plane ticket and passport?Roberto:Yes.And I have my hotel information,my car rental in formation…my camera’s in my briefcase…Mike:(holding stuffed toy)Hey,whose is this?Another souvenir?Roberto:Umm…no…it’s mine.Mike:it’s yours?Roberto:It was a good-luck present from Claudia.I always travel with it.Mike:Ah…don’t be embarrassed,he’s very cute.(laughing)And I’m sure he makes a great travel partner!Track1-2-OL-9Listen to the story summary.Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Roberto is packing for a trip and Mike is helping him.Mike asks about the souvenirs that Roberto is bringing for his family.Roberto explains that book is for his niece and the small Statue of Liberty belongs to his father.Roberto says that he’s ready to go,but then Mike finds a teddy bear and asks whose it is.Roberto says that it belongs to him and explains that it was a gift from Claudia so he always travels with it.Mike says he thinks the bear makes a cute travel partner for Roberto.Unit3,Lesson ATrack1-3-1A.Listen.Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence.Ted:Hey,Mike.Whose trophies（奖品，奖杯）are these?Mike:They belong to my parents and my brother and sister.Ted:Really?Mike:Yeah.My family loves sports.Ted:I see.So,who plays basketball?Mike:My brother Tim.He’s great at it.Ted:And your sister?Mike:She’s on the swimming team at school.She’s always training--even on the weekends. Ted:What about your parents?Mike:My dad plays tennis,and my mom plays golf.Ted:And what about you,Mike?Do you play any sports?Mike:Me?No,not really.I like to surf and ski,but just for fun.Track1-3-2B.Listen again.Which sports do they play?Check the correct box or boxes.Track1-3-3B.Listen to the conversation.Underline Gina’s invitation（邀请）.Circle the words Connie uses to accept Gina’s invitation.Connie:So,Gina,are you planning to join a team or club this semester（学期）?Gina:Yeah.I want to work for the school newspaper and maybe join the tennis team. Connie:The tennis team?Gina:Uh-huh.Do you like tennis?Connie:Yes.I love it.Gina:Really?Me too.Do you want to play tennis this afternoon?Connie:Sure,I’d love to!There are tennis courts（场）near the student union（联合，工会）.Let’s play there.Track1-3-4C.Listen to two people talking about what they like to do.Then tell your partner about what you like to do.1.One of my favorite pastimes is to go to the gym.I like to go to the gym about three or four times a week.2.In my free time I enjoy hanging（悬挂，紧握着）out with some friends and going to the movies.I go to the movies at least once a week.Track1-3-OL-1A.Listen.What are Ashley and her dad talking about?Check the answer. Dad:Ashley?Ashley:Yeah,Dad!I’m in my room.I’m packing.Dad:Hi,honey.I can’t believe you’re going to college!Ashley:I know.Dad:So,what do you want to study?Ashley:Art.Dad:Art?!Come on,Ashley.Be serious.Ashley:I am serious,Dad.Dad:I think you should study business wo you can get a good job.Ashley:Business!?Dad:Yes,you’re a smart,organized young woman.It’s perfect for you.Ashley：But,Dad…there’s a lot I can do with an art degree.The business world is very competitive…Dad:I don’t know,Ashley..Ashley:Come on Dad.Let’s look at the university website.There’s more in formation there.Track1-3-OL-2B.Listen plete the sentences.Track1-3-OL-3A.Listen to a conversation between two interviewers.What are they talking bout?Circle the answer.A:I interviewed Sara Foxx.She likes sales,but wants to work part time.B:Hmm….I spoke with Jason Gray,and he wants to work at home but likes responsibility.A:Does he want to work full time?B:Yes,he does.How about Sara?A:Well,she wants to work part time,but she plans to stay at the sales position for at least two years.And she loves people.B:What does she plan to do in two years’time?A:She expects to go to grad school in the future,but she likes the job.B:Jason likes the job too.He wants to make a good salary and he loves to travel.A:Well,Sara hates to fly.It seems Jason would be the person we need.B:Unfortunately,he doesn’t have any sales experience.Track1-3-OL-4B.Now listen again.Then fill in the chart below about which descriptions are true for Sara and Jason.Check the boxes.Track1-3-OL-5A.Listen to the following famous people talking about the right personality needed for success.Do you have the right personality for these jobs?I’m Don Pierce.A good actor works very,very hard.People think that actors spend their time at a lot of parties and nightclubs,but that isn’t true.Actors spend hours--many hours--studying their lines for each movie.And you really have to understand people so that you can understand your character in the movie.I’m Janice.I think the most important thing for a good doctor is being a good listener.You have to understand people and their problems.A good doctor likes to solve problems and always wants to help his or her patients.And you can’t be impulsive--you should always be careful.Sometimes the first answer you think of isn’t the right answer.Doctors need a lot of energy,because they are usually hardworking.He,I’m Daniel.To be a success in business,you have to work well with groups of people.At the same time,you need to have strong opinions and be able to explain your opinions clearly.Good business-people always like to make new things and try new ideas.They are very organized,and they work very long hours.Track1-3-OL-6B.Now listen again.Then fill in the chart below about which things are important for the jobs listed.Check the boxes.Track1-3-OL-7C.Listen to a recording and complete the following e words from the box.A good athlete is hardworking.He or she practices for many hours before every game.Athletes should also be competitive.They should always think about their team,and how to win.Good athletes are also independent.They practice alone,even when the coach isn’t there.They are very careful about their health,and they don’t do dangerous things.And they are very serious about their sport--it it’s the most important thing in their life!Track1-3-OL-8A.Now listen to the passage about four personality types：The Dreamer,The Partner,The Thinker,and The Artist.Which personality type best describes you?The DreamerA dreamer thinks there is a“right”way to do things.This person wants to live in the“perfect world.”A Dreamer is often hardworking and organized.Many are good listeners and like to help others.Many Dreamers work as teachers,lawyers,and in leadership roles.The PartnerA Partner wants to be in a group.For this person,rules and group harmony are important.These rules keep peace in the group.Partners are often serious,careful people.Many do well as teachers, managers,police officers,and politicians.For Thinkers,understanding things is very important.They like to solve problems and make new things.Thinkers can also be competitive.They like to win.They are independent and often have very strong opinions.Many Thinkers work as scientists,inventors,politicians,and engineers.The ArtistArtists want to be free.They don’t want to follow the rules all the time.Artists like action and are often impulsive.They also like trying new things.Like Thinkers,many Artists have strong opinions.Many Artists are creative and do well as musicians,actors,fashion designers,and athletes.Track1-3-OL-9B.Listen again.Circle D for Dreamer,P for Partner,T for Thinker,or A for Artist for each sentence.Sometimes,more than one answer is possible.Unit3,Lesson BGlobal viewpointsSports and pastimesDan:One of my favorite pastimes is to go to the gym.I like to go to the gym about three or four times a week.Dayanne：In my free time I enjoy hanging out with some friends and going to the movies.I go to the movies at least once a month.Jonathan:My favorite pastime is playing drums because it helps clear my mind and I try to play as often as I can.Miyuki:One of my favorite pastimes is going to a coffee shop to hang out with friends.And some of my roommates like to run or go to the gym.Daniel:I like snowboarding a lot.I go snowboarding every two weeks except on vacation I go snowboarding every day.Agnes：My favorite pastime is swimming.I go to the pool twice a week with a friend of mine.And, I just like the water so for me it’s the best sport to do.Alyssa：I like to play the piano,I like to go see concerts and when it’s nice outside I like to go hiking.Woo Sung:I like to play basketball,tennis,and football.I play basketball twice a week.I play tennis three times a month and football once a month.Gian:I love to play basketball.I’m very competitive and very hardworking.When I play,I play really strong defense.Jennifer：I don’t really like team sports.I prefer individual activities.I’m very independent.City LivingI’m very athletic!Claudia:That looks so fun!I want to play.。

Food Quality1Task One: Food Additives (1)Food additives are widely used in many countries. However, the discovery a number of yearsago that the food additive Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives.For example, the milk we drink in the morning has calcium added to it; numerous beverages contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other minerals; store bought salt contains iodine, zinc and silica; and potato chips have as many as 10 types of food additives, such as spices, edible pigments, citric acid, flavor additives, sweetening agents and silica.MSG and condiments are considered food additives. Yeast powder is also a food additive tooand is usually added to steamed breads. Even sodium carbonate is a food additive, too, and is often added to make congee.To better understand the functions of food additives, Nature & Science did two interesting experiments at a bakery.Flour, eggs, sugar, salt and soda are the basic materials used in baking cakes.First, let’s make a cake without any additives. Mixing egg yolks and whites evenly, we thenadd some sugar into it. When the egg and sugar are (done) being mixed, we immediately add flour, water, soda and bulking agents into the mixture and rapidly mix them to make the batter .All this must be done within 10 to 30 seconds after which the batter must be immediately placed into the oven to bake.Now, let’s make some cakes with additives. When the eggs and sugar are being m ixed, weadd some cake oil to the mixture. The cake oil is composed of acidity regulators, antioxidants, vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate. It can make the egg-sugar mixture rapidly inflate. After flour, water and soda are poured into the egg-sugar mixture, the cake oil can form compound membranes with proteins in the cake batter. This can significantly improve the strength and stability of bubbles in the batter and make sure that all of the ingredients are evenly distributed. Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles will not disappear.After the cakes are taken out of the oven we can see that the cakes that had the oil added to them are much nicer to look at and are more flexible than those without the additives. Even the insides of the cakes are remarkably different. The internal structure of the cake without additivesis uneven and brittle. But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexibleand tastes delicious and moist.The benefits of food additives do not just apply to cakes but also to many other foods.Emulsifiers are what give ice cream its delicious taste. The sweeteners lead to low-calorie,low-sugar products.Without edible pigments, there wouldn’t be various colorful candies.2Without preservatives, can ned foods couldn’t be preserved for months on end, making it difficult to get them to consumers’ hands before they go bad. Preservatives can prevent the growth of bacteria and ensure the freshness of nutrition in the food for a short period of time. From this aspect, food additives are very important to our health. Without them, we can hardly imagine what life would be like. Food additives can keep and improve the color and flavor of foods. They can even increase the nutritional value of certain foods and improve the quality of our life. With the rapid development of the food industry, the type and usage of food additives have increased dramatically, and they have been applied more widely and become an indispensable aspect of modern food processing. Task Two: Food Additives (2)Food additives are widely used in many countries. Several years ago, the discovery that something called Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives. In toxicology, the dosage decides the toxicity.If the intake of a substance is below its acceptable intake level, damage to the human health is within an acceptable scope. After evaluating the safety of a food additive, scientists put forth its acceptable daily intake (ADI) per kilogram of an average person’s body weight as the basis for governments to stipulate the applications and maximum dosages of food additives.The Food Safety and Toxicology Evaluation Procedures issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health require that every food additive must undergo oral acute toxicity tests, genetic toxicity tests, teratogenic tests, 90-day feeding trials and carcinogenic tests in animals.According to their toxicological data, food additives are divided into 3 categories: very safe, safe and unsafe. The first category of food additives have no restrictions related to their usage in food processing. They do not need ADI values but simply reference dosages.For example, after a large number of biochemical and toxicological researches, the international Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) announced that it planned to cancel the acceptable daily intake restriction of monosodium glutamate (MSG).This shows that MSG is a very safe food additive. China’s standards stipulate that MSG can be used in various types of food according to the practical needs of food production. For example, the maximum reference dosage of MSG is 1.3 milligrams per kilogram in candy, 190 milligrams per kilogram in condiments and 4,300 milligrams per kilogram in soups.The second category of food additives is food additives deemed safe. JECFA has established ADI values for each of them.Their uses in food processing are restricted. For instance, long-term animal experiments show that lemon yellow has the weakest toxicity of synthetic pigments and is a safe food additive. Its ADI is 0―7.5 milligrams per kilogram. In China, it is stipulated that its maximum dosage is0.1 grams per kilogram in fruit juices, drinks, candies and shrimps and 0.02 grams per kilogram in ice cream.The third category of food additives is unsafe. According to toxicological data, such additives are considered to be unsafe for use in food. In 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Health announced the prohibition of 59 types of natural raw materials in food, They are unsafe and if they are found in any food product, the company in question would be subject to legal action.Now that there are so many toxicological regulations overseeing the safety of food additives,3 why do so many consumers think food additives are a food safety issue? This perception is in part caused by the bad behavior of a very small minority of food processing companies who violate the state’s health standards through the use of illegal food additives. They increase the dosage of food additives or add some things that are not food additives into food. Consumers should stand up and safeguard their rights.They have the right to know what additives are in the food they are buying. For example, soy sauce usually has preservatives added. When a consumer buys a bottle of soy sauce in the supermarket, he can read the specific name of the preservative, say sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate, on the label of the bottle. Similarly, the specific names of sweeteners, such as xylitol and acesulfame potassium, added to soy sauce should also be marked on the label.When a type of food is added with more than 2 coloring agents, their specific names, such as Fancy Red and Bright Blue, should be clearly marked on the label. So when consumers buy food at the market, they can read the instructions on food packages to know what additives are in them. This red liquid is called Carmine. It’s a synthetic edible pigment. Its acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 4 milligrams per kilogram. Its maximum dosage is no more than 0.1 grams per kilogram in candy and no more than 0.025 grams per kilogram in soy milk and sausage casing. It is important that we correctly understand food additives and what they are. We shouldn’t regard them as harmful, nor should we be misguided by attempts to exaggerate their benefits. Task Three: Sanlu MilkInvestigation Continues into Sanlu Milk PowderChinese authorities are launching an investigation, following reports of kidney stones in infants, after they were fed powdered milk made by Sanlu Company in Hebei Province. Sanlu has already admitted to contamination of the product.Friday saw investigators from the Ministry of Health, the quality watchdog and relevant departments visiting affected children in hospitals. They then visited Sanlu’s headquarters in Shijiazhuang city, to take samples, and check on how the local government was dealing with the incident.An initial investigation shows milk powder containing melamine, which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products.The quality regulator has launched a nationwide probe into all baby milk powders. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health is sharing relevant information with the World Health Organization.Food Safety to Be Resolved in ChinaWell, The recent series of food safety scandals to hit China has prompted calls for a revamp to supervision practices. During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, participants committed to implement stricter law enforcement to assure food safety in China.To buy or not to buy, it is a question many have to ponder now, as a wave of food safety scares has renewed fears in China over continued problems. Shoppers told us they hope food safety4violations will be resolved in a more effective and timely manner.(A Beijing resident)“I often buy food and other products that are popular and have a good reputation.”During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, about 10 governmental departments related to food safety vowed to implement (more) stricter enforcement to assure the quality of food. (Yu Jun, vice director general of Department of Food Safety of State Council of China)“We will improve our monitoring system. We are urging the local governments to standard enterprises. Companies and individuals will be handed severe penalties if they break food safety or other laws pertaining to the quality of food.”In China, there are about 500 thousand food production companies. But for many of them, a weak food value chain is the main problem. When a scandal emerges, the public interrogates not only supervisory agencies, but also blames the food company at the center of the controversy. (Huang Qitai, chief scientist of Synutra International, Inc)“I think the food safety pr oblem depends on the people in the company. We should raise our company’s culture to a new level in order to win the respect of consumers, so we do not see the illegal additives in our food today.”A publicity week on China Food Safety is also beginning around the country. The aim is to make people know more about the State’s standard of food safety and the knowledge of additives in food.Tainted food scandals have caused nationwide concern. As, it is urgent for related departments to more strictly enforce laws and regulations to resolve the country’s food safety problems, which concern everyone’s health. 练习答案Unit One Food QualityTask One1. 1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) D2. 1) materials 2) additives 3) sugar 4) mixture 5) oven 6) composed7) inflate 8) stability9) Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles won’t disappear.10) But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexible and tastes delicious and moist.Task Two1. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) DTask Three1. 1) B 2) A 3) A 4) D 5) B2. 1) investigation 2) kidney stones 3) contamination 4) investigators5) quality watchdog 6) affected 7) headquarters 8) samples9) how the local government was dealing with the incident10) which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products。

Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos.Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's a very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take theirexaminations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania. Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports.But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them. Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four.Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Inside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, this looks nice.Mark Cool.Waitress Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark Let's have a look at the menu.Mark Thank you.Janet Thank you.Waitress The specials are on the board.Kate So, what sort of food do you like, Janet?Janet Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet What's in it?Mark Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark Usually one dish per person.Kate Or the moussaka looks good.Janet What's it made with?Kate It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet How is it cooked?Kate It's baked in the oven.Janet Mm, that sounds good too.Kate And as a starter?Janet What's minestrone soup?Mark It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet OK, I'll have that.Kate Waitress?Waitress What can I get for you?Kate Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress OK.Mark Thank you.Waitress Thanks.Janet What's chilli con carne?Mark It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation2Janet That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet Any suggestions?Kate Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ... What's a chocolate brownie?Mark It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet How is it made?Kate It's made with flour, eggs and butter ...Mark And lots of chocolate!Kate You'll love it.Janet What kind of ice cream is there?Kate I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavour ice cream do you have?Waitress Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate Same for me.Mark Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress Sure.Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chase's Restaurant. Leah has been working in the restaurant for over 50 years. She told us about her life and she explained how to make a simple dish called "shrimp Clemenceau".Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, but I like it with the shrimp better. So you just browna little thing...Interviewer And, and what's, what's the actual, what's the cooking in?Leah Butter.Interviewer OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, that's it, a little cholesterol. Then you wanna get the garlic. So you see it works two forces. You get the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, where did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. I'm the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook whether you like it or not. You get to cook that way.Then here you want to add a little mushroom in here, this is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other mushroom, you can do that, we just saute that in there. You know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is a dish that is used in several restaurants, but this is my own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I like the ... Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah.Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. It's very, very simple.Interviewer And did you, did your mum run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law had this restaurant before I came in. And she started it in 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things.You have to understand in 41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add the potato. You can pre-cook your potatoes. You can boil them, or in this case, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and you get one, you get just one casserole like here. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. It's very simple, but it's a good dish. And as I said, you can do it with chicken breast or shrimp. You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really don't know how it got that name, but it's popular in this area. But as I said, some people do it a little different. You can take wine at this point. You can hit a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just don't like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot.And you can take the parsley, always parsley.Interviewer That's parsley, isn't it?Leah Parsley. Uhm. And I'm gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitchen. You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every Creole has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a dash of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And it's very, very simple, great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see? And you have a good dish.Listening inPassage 1Ben If it's a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you're with your boss or someone like that, you are being careful about your table manners.So you'd wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time,, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It's more usual to entertain them at home because it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in the garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you don't want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert you'll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee. Then you'll say, "Oh well, it's time for us, we should get going."And if you don't then you're probably going to be rude and stay too late.Michelle Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests would arrive. It's OK to refuse something if you don't like it, but it might be embarrassing. For example, if I'm cooking dinner and I discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I'll feel a bit frustrated that I didn't know before. But usually everyone tries everything.Tom Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too much, because yes, it's quite important to eat everything on your plate. It doesn't matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you don't like their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn't eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries that's considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it's a bit more relaxed today than it used to be when I was young.No, it's the worst thing you can do if you're eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say "mmm, this is good", but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it's considered very bad manners.Passage 2News-reader The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during TV programmes for children under the age of 16.The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children's programmes and on children's channels, as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be "over the top" by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year, and mean that television channels will lose about £39 million in revenue for advertising.So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett.Neil Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habits have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily, and this means people are not going to fast food restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it's lost. News-reader And how do the fast food restaurants do this?Neil The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One well-known fast food restaurant chain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new children's film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trendy and, you know, kind of masculine food.News-reader So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?Neil Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry.News-reader So you're in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I'm not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children's TV programmes. So we're likely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, and fewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television?Neil Yes, that just about sums it up.News-reader Neil Bennett, thank you.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then.Janet Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I'd like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almosta picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpfulfor people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mind maps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about. Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. It's very much a personal choice, depending on how you like to, to think and, and plan your thinking. You might also like to use images or pictures related to some of the key words. Or you might even use symbols. We'll put a question mark because this again is a personal choice and how you like to design your mind maps. For example, I might choose to use a thought bubble as a symbol, highlighting or identifying my central phrase, mind maps. This could be a, a feature of my own mind maps. Whenever I design a mind map, I highlight my central thought using a speech bubble symbol.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me. Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately.This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.。