大学英语听力step_by_step_3000第一册Unit1-12_答案及原文

Step by Step3000Unit 1Part 1A:1.Oxford, commitment, academic record.2.oldest, largest, reputation, research, science.3.first, Australia, 150 years, excels.4.excellence, 17.000, locationrgest, 1883, situated, 26.0006.1636, enrollment, 18.500, schools.7.awards, degrees, 20.0008.located, 135, thirdB:1: 2.700 languages, 7.000 dialects. Pronunciation.2: official language3: One billion, 20 percent4: Four hundred million, first, 600 million, second, foreign. 5: 500.000 words. Eighty percent. other.6: Eighty percent, computers.7: African country, same8: 1.000, Africa9: spaceship, 1977, 55, message, the United Nations.C:1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-bPart 2A25 11 166 11/14 165 11; 12/13 166 about 13 16A31: GCSE examinations2: students/ higher education3: student/ second year/ high school/ college4: general exam/ School Certificate5: sitting University Entrance Examination6: bachelor’s degree: 3/4 yearsMaster’s degree: another year or twoDoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsB:B1: Idioms, largest vocabularyFrenchIn Spelling ￡pronunciationB2: FTFPart ⅢA1:ⅠA: AgeD Foreign student populationⅡA: 2: 15 hrs (＋2 or 3 for lab)3: a: ＋100b: Discussion group 15-20c: much smaller4: informal, friendly6: 2-3 hrs: 1 hrA2:ⅡB: 2: Examination4: QuizzesC: regular attendanceⅢGraduate schoolC: SeminarsD: some area of interestE: a research paperB:B2:A good student: make mistakes, every new thing, the language. Working outside the classroom.A bad student: Passive, the teacher. Stick his neck out, more likely to be right than himself.Part ⅣA:1 gate2 the History Department3 the Psychology Department4 he Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Language Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physics Department12 the Mathematics Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15 the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB:Robert MartinBiology, next fall, six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school; high school in the hometown.Science( biology in particular), sports.Unit 2Part Ⅰ16.998.00064.186.300840.0001.000.0003.320.000143.24432.4832.966.0005.105.70029.028ˉ1.3125.31536.1984.145B1.243.738.000955.220.000267.901.000199.867.000159.884.000147.105.000138.150.000125.638.000122.013.000118.369.00096.400.00082.071.000C1 .Chinese 1.300 million2. Spanish 332 million3. English 322 million4. 189 million5. 182 million6 170 million7. Russian 170 million8 Japanese 125 million9 Germon 98 million10. 75.5 million11. Korean 75 million12. French. 72 million13. Vietnamese. 67 million14. 66 million15. 64 million16. 63 million17. Turkish 59 million18 58 million19. 44 million20. Polish 44 million21. Arabic 42.5 million22. 41 millionPart ⅡA:1. A baby boy2.social, ecological, populations3.longer, healthierB:1: b 2:c 3:aPart ⅢA: water, 70%, red or brown, plant cover, snow, continents, islands, arms of the ocean, connecting, a channel, valleys, plains.B: in 1950:New York, 12 millionLondon: 2, 10 millionCalcutta: 10,Tokyo: 3In 2000:New York: 6Calcutta: 4, 16millionTokyo: 18 million1.Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4.Bombay5.Delhi6.Shanghai7.SeoulPart ⅣSkills, the main idea, what, recognize, central, important, direction, purpose, inform, compare, answer, stated, a topic sentence, first, details, difficult, persuade, end, implied, hinted at, a whole.Unit 3A: BA912, 11:20 17BA877 11:20 14BA292 11:25 19TW695 11:30 164EA831 11:35 24BA838 9IB290 11:35 15LH039 11:40 9BA666 11:40 18AI 141 6BA560 22B:Drinks: Tea Soft drinks CoffeeFood: Egg and tomato; Ham and tomato; Roast chicken ; CheeseburgersPart Ⅱ9:15 10:3010:30 13:30Advantages: by plane: Quick/beautiful viewBy train: frequent service (hourly)/modern/ comfortable/ lovely view from dining car Disadvantages: by plane: have to get Gatwick Airport/ expensiveBy train: quite crowed/ quite expensivePart ⅢCuster 1 customer 2Sep. 4-Sep. 17 Aug.5- Aug.182 doble and 1 single 1 double and 1 big bedroom with 2 singlebeds and a sofa3 1 full bathroom3( kitchen, dining room, sitting room) 2(kitchen, living-sitting room) √ ×√( six days a we ek) ×￡80 for a Fiesta ￡98 for a Fiesta√ √￡570 ￡270B: b; dUnit 4Part ⅠA1.Argentina: A tie is too personal(1)2. . Roses mean love(2)3, Even numbers(2.4.6,rtc ) are unlucky.(2)4. Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a gift.（2）B1.Japan，Korea2.Brazil, Russia3.Canada, the U.S4.Egypt, MexicoC1. February 14 ，European, North American2. March 2, Japan3. May 5, Japan4, May 5 China5. August 15 China6. April 1，European, North American7. July 14, France8. December 26，Britain, Canada9. May 1, European, Canal, Philipine, Latin American10 November 25, France11. March 17 Ireland12．the 2nd Sunday in May, England, France, India, ChinaPart ⅡA1: 1. changed, few, bored, rainy2.museum directors, what they are seeing.3.provide fun, feel at homeA2: electricity/pass/body17th century instruments/musicput on costumes/ the Stockholm Operabone-by-boneA3:Ⅰnew audiencesA: the youngC: the less educated membersⅡ: A. rebuiltB. 1. modern2. a. lighting, color and soundb. fewer objectsⅢA: guidedB: touch, listen, operate and experiment; scientific principles Ⅳ. educational; departmentA: filmB: danceB:squid; his nameC:C1: a. vendorsb. fortunec. eatinga.street performersb.portrait paintingC2: 1.a. special powers/ attract menb. objects/ for snake bites2. shells/ on a cloth/ the way they land3. round cakes/ bean flour/hot spices/ fried4. a. folk singers/ guitarsb. classical musiciansc. actors5. practice drawing and paintingPart ⅢA. A2. 1. much busi er; Monday …Saturday2. humid and hot4. much colder, ＿30℃5. much flatter; beautiful6. mountainous7. higher; rocky8. more crowed9. smaller10. tallerB.Gestures of approval:1.Thumbs up in France, latin American2.Two thumbs: Kenya3.Tunisia4.Greece5.Lebanon, Iran6.Tonga7.Italy8.Europe Latin America9.Mexico, Costa Rica, Japan10.Bolivia, Honduras, Lebanon11.Barbados12.Bangladesh13.Greece, Iran. ItalyPart ⅣB: 1-g; 2-f; 3-j; 4-I; 5-e; 6-b; 7-h; 8-a; 9-d; 10-c FFTTFUnit 5Part IA]1.Octorber 1969 / first email message2.March 1972 / addresses3.February 1976 / head of state4.fall 1976 / Jimmy Carter / US $45.September 1983 / higher education / accounts6.December 1994 / erase / destroy7.December 1998B:One feature of the information superhigha is that the traffic travles fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep mesages zooming along. Today we’l help you decode tach talk by answering soome not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for “as I see it” and IMHO is shorthand for “in my humble opinion”.Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stand for “for what it’s worth”. Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is “correct me if I’m wrong”The lsit of commonly abbreviated phrases on teh Net is neaerly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “as a matter of fact” and “believe it or not” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making tteh rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old stadnbys FYI, MYOB, and SOP which stand for “for your information”, “ mind your own business,” and “standard operating procedure” are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, ahs the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (That’s all for now) and BCNU (be seein’ you).C:1.Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web2.In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version ofemail.3.in 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which from the basis of the World WideWeb4.in 1991 his programs were placed on the Internet.5.between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.6.right now the world is focused on e-commerce.7.The invention for the web brings rapid rewards to people wit imagination and newideas.Part IIA1Connected / system / connection / work together / stations / peopleA2Connection of railroads or other vehiclesConnected system of radio stationsSystem linking a number of computers together.原文：Few things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words are created to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanging also are added to exisitng words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanign for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meaning for the same word. Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is “net”, it means materials that are connected; the second is “work”. One meaning of “work” is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example ,radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word “network” in the late 1980s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that show action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of the American west called the “Pan Handle”. Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars , which are a kind of electric train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “network” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computers networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussion between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “network” concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.BB1b. Getting assignments and research papersc.Attending professors’ “virtual office hours”d.Course lectures.Entertainment b. online gamesCommunications b. toll-free phone callse-commerce orders.原文:The proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envious it. And yet is already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today’s college students know. Colleges across the United Sates have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always asks, “Do you have a high-speed network?” indeed, fro today’s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phones calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.Ata a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of dya, you’re likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other --- “You killed me!” as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They’ve just messaged each other by computer that it’s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone’s door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.Today’s students regis ter for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors’ “virtual office hours” online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any time they wish.Just as one the students p ut it “We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA1.The desktop into our everyday life.2.Experimenting anarchy3.Disappear4.EconmoniesA: we’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the va guest idea where it’s going in the long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is howmany technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our w ay into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere.St: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.S2: in many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the web, transmitting by satellites, cellphone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour. P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, and governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.BB1Person to person / real many more real / friends1.Relatives 1. Careers2. 2. Medical cries3.Neighbors4.Colleagues5.By phone 4. Choosing a school or collegeThere’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up witha term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. Andnow a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman’s term is “network individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seems to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues atwork. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Int4rnet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on career, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse.Part IVDaily communication / broadcast programs / in print / listeningFailure / digit / losses / ignoreRead / Intensive training / regularCommas / sensitivity to numbersUnit 6Part IA:1.Paris3.19324.Berlin6. Tokyo7. 19721—d 2---a 3----g 4----b 5----f 6----e 7-----c听力原文Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamois.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympic in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.BaseballWatch games on television or listen on the radio American footballPlay the sport soccer听力原文：What is the most popular sport in the United States? That might be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular”.One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C1—d 2--- h 3---a 4---e 5---i6---c 7---g 8--- b 9---j 10---f听力原文：Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes ----- and up ---- and down ---- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee ------ up ---- pull towards you -----and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back ------ keep your head up! And relax…. Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position ---- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulders height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles --- that’s right ---- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK ---- if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin!Part IIAa.friendly / warm / affectionateb.drunk / aggressive / scream / shout / push people around / smash glasses /monsters2.He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly atfootball matches.3.enjoy themselves / no aggressive or violence4.rugby / tennis5.They sit there silently throughout.听力原文：M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and live near a football ground. Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, drunk, aggressive --- they scream, they shout, and ….. After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out. I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: but do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been…. Sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there ?M: Well, but it’s, it’s not ….it’s… In Brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’ s no aggression or violence, or … there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches ---- go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated…..BI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have on inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete exam ples (1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, its it possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe ---- at any rate for short periods --- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part IIIA1.since 19882.in 20013.in 19844.in 19605.by 2004B:1.wheelchair tennis and basketball2. a. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopleb. for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. a. wireless earphonesb. visual interpreters听力原文：The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Lowing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.BThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city.The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and metal disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A report from The Washington Post wanted to know what it could be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety-line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people intered in yoga, there special stretching exercises. Mattew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Mattew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with thirteen-year-cold boy who lived his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living ---- whether we have a disability or not. Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities. Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight.。

Unit3 travelling from place to place ABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from diningcar)have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accoutsDecember1994 erase destroy December1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches.3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systems driving3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors/governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess. Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9PlutoC2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2 A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%温馨提示-专业文档供参考，请仔细阅读后下载，最好找专业人士审核后使用！。

1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。

Item oneDifferent people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,” and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses—hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the county. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed ancient ice that cut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls，is the fifth highest onEarth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.Item threeAmerica’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one parts of the country to anther.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thusexpresses a strong message—but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents--Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rulesare contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under greatpressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuableItem nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot beseparated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world—the world with time—changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at ChimoUniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages–it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language– but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.PartIIIUniversity Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the AdministrationBuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of theMain Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The ArabiaPeninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert?Yes, it’s the SaharaDesert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt.Qomolangma (or Mt.Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the KosovoHospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAwater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islandsarms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/atopicsentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17BA877/11:20/14BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/164EA831/11:35/24BA838/9IB290/11:35/15LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18AI141/6BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to NewYork. TW A flight TW695 to NewYork departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.BTea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:3010:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,0008. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC1 – (a)2 – ( c)3 – ( d)4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basiclearner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course ofhigher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage theirstudents to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent workthan those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the endof the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.。

1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。

Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style”, and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses – hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on Earth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.Item threeAmerica’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to another.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “T he eyes are the window of the soul,” according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.”Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.Item nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. Whenpeople began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

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S.a . , . 18, 30s 40s60s 70s. a .a . , . , , .a . a .a . . , I’d a I a .’s . , a , ’s “” .a . , , , .a . , a . .“”? a 15 a . aa , . 100 . , 15 20a . , a a . –,– . , , , , .A , ’t .a , . , .A2 . /. / / / a’s a . . A . Aa . .a . .a , . , .a , a . ,a . . a . , a . , ’s .I a ,I’d . , ’s , ., , . .a , , . , a . a a .I ’s .B2 / // / /a a , ’t ?’s , a a a , .’s , ’s .’s ?.I’ I , , .’s , ’t . ’…’t .… a ’s ’s ’t .’s ... ’s .?’ , ’t .’ ..A2. 3. 4.5. 6. 7.8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13.14. 15. 16. Administration Building. , (1). 16. , . 15. 4? ’s , . , 5. 7.6 . 12. 11 , , 13. 14. 10 , . 9. 2 . 3. ,8 , .B / / / a ; a , / ( ),I a .’ a . I .I ’t a .’s .I’ .?I a . I I a . .2 ,16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /Asia. 16,998,000 .64,186,300 .? ’s Greenland. 840,000 .Arabia Peninsula 1, 000,000 .? , ’s Sahara Desert . 3,320,000 ., 143,244 .a 32,483 ., 2,966,000 , 5,105,700 .’s , ’t ? . Qomolangma ( . Everest) 29,028 . , , 1,312 , -1,312 .Russia. 5,315 .Philippines , a 36, 198 .Africa. 4, 145 .B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001. China. 1997 , 1,243,738,000.2. India. a 955,220,000 1997.3. , 267,901,000 1997.4. ? ’s Indonesia. 199,867,000 .5.Brazil . 159,884,000.6. , a 147,105,000.7. Pakistan, 138,150,000.8.Japan . 1997 125,638,000.9. Bangladesh. 122,013,000 1997.10.Nigeria Africa . 118,369,000 .11. ? 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A ’s , a ., . ’d . , . ’ ,, , a . 60 .: ’ , , a !6ⅠA 1-(d) 2-(a) 3-(g) 4-(b) 5-(f) 6-(e) 7-(c) Paris/ 1932/ Berlin Tokyo 1972● Paris 1900.● 1924, Chamonix.● 1932, Los Angeles.● 1936 .● 1956 Melbourne .●Tokyo 1964.● 1972 , Munich .B:? . “ .”● a . . 162 .● a . .● a . , , .18 .C 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (i) 6. (c) 7. (g) 8. (b) 9. (j) 10. (f):, . . ––– . . . . . ––– . , , . .–! …, . .–. , . –’s– . . , , . . . .–’ , ’s .ⅡA 11.a.b.2. ,.23 .:1M: I , , , , , I a , , I , 6 o’, ,– , , … , , I , II , I ’t , I ’t a , .2: ’s a ? I , I’’’s . … , , , .J: a . I , . Europe? ’s , ’t ?M: , , ’s…’s …, , I’ , , ’s , …’s . Englanda , .3A: ’s a , .J: – , Wimbledon …M: …J: Wimbledon , .A: , ’s , , , ’s ….B / / / / / / / / / //Ⅲ A1. 19882. 20013. 19484.1960 5. 20041. (c)2. (a)3. (d)4. (b)5. (e):. . 1988, . 2001 .a 1948 England. A . ,Netherlands ., 1960, Rome. 23 . 2004, Athens4,000 136 .B1. 2.a3. 4.5.. . 1988, . 2001 .a 1948 England. 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Unit 1Education is a KeyPart 1 Warming up• A• 1. Oxford commitment academic record• 2. oldest largest reputation research•science• 3. first Australia 150 years excels• 4. excellence 17,000 location• 5. largest 1883 situated 26,000• 6. 1636 enrollment 18,500 schools•7. awards degrees 20,000•8. located 135 third• B• 1. 2,700 languages 7.000 dialects regional•pronunciation• 2. official language• 3. One million 20 percent• 4. Four hundred million first 600 million second•foreign• 5. 500,000 words• 6. Eighty percent computers•7. African country same•8. 101,000 America•9. spaceship 1977 55 message•the Unite NationsPart 1 Warming up• C•(1)—a (2)—c (3)---d (4)---b•Tapescript•All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessary better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner ―types‖—the communicative learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos .They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by conversations.•Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by talking in pairs, and by listening by cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to take a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar.At home, they like to learn English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one ―type‖ rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part 2 Educational systems•A3• 1. GCSE examinations• 2. Students/higher education• 3. Student/second year/high school/college• 4. General exam/School Certificate• 5. Sitting University Entrance Examation• 6. Bahelor’s degree:3/4years•Master’s degree:anthor year or two•Doctorate:a further 3~7 years•Tapescript•(Well,) in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take. . .er. . .vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age ofeighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a higher education at acollage or university, an d that’s usually for three years.•Well, it depends on what state you’re in but. . .er. . .most kids in the United States start school at about six. . .er. . .when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen. . .er. . .starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students. . .er. . .will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but. . .er. . .most of them stay on to graduate. . .er. . .from high school at age eighteen.•In the first year at high school or col lege students are called ―freshmen‖, in the second they’re called ―sophomores,‖•In the third year. . .er. . .we call them ―juniors‖ and in the fourth year they’re called ―seniors.‖ Now. . .er. . .a lot of high school graduates. . .er. . .then go to college or university and they do a four=-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college. . .er. . .which is a two-year course.•Well, in Australia, well in most state anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years call it School Certificate. . .er. . .and that is a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can do on at sit your University or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.•Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.•Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade1,when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they’re sixteen. However, most student continue to finish high school. Some go on to college or university.•Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8, 9, or 10 andit usually continues until Grade 12.•In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills fora specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example,lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer three main levels of degree programs s well as training in certain professions, such as law, medicine, andteaching.•Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctrate may take a further thre e to seven years to complete.Part 2 Educational systems• B•B1 Idioms in formal English•Largest vocabulary•French•Irregularity in spelling & pronunciationPart 2 Educational systems•B2• 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(F)•Tapescript•I—Interviewer P—Professor•I: And now we have an interview with Professor J.T.Lingo, Professor of L linguists at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Goodmorning , Professor Lingo.•P: Good morning.•I: Professor, I understanding that teaching English is becoming ―big business‖ all around the word.•P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.•I: Why is that?•P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.•I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?•P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such hodgepodge of different languages---- it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes form French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable----which is a good thing for a world language---but it causes irregularity inspelling and pronunciation.•I: English spelling baffles me, too.•P: Yes, well, anyway, English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one that is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French----like ―buy‖ which is Anglo-Saxon and ―purchase‖ which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.•I: Anglo-Saxon?•P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the language it is today.•I:I see. Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?•P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.•I: Informal English.•P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial, formal, written, as well as the different dialects---British, American and Canadian English.•I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?•P: Well, Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term ―lorry‖ for truck, but we have kept the ―o-u-r‖ spellings in words such as ―honor‖ and ―color.‖•I: This have been very interesting, Professor. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.•P: Thank you.•I: We have been talking to Professor Lingo of Chimo University.Part 3 University life•I. A. Age• D. Foreign student population•II. A. 2. 15 hrs(+2or 3 for lab)• 3. a. +100• b. Discussion group15-20• c. Much smaller• 4. Informal, friendly• 6. 2-3 hrs: 1hrPart 3 University life•Key Points:--- First of all, you will find students of all ages.--- Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds.--- Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities.--- Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population.•Key Points:•What kind of academic experiences will this so-called ―average‖ student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class about 15 hours a week. If he or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require two or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help clarify points in the lectures. •Key Points:•Other kinds of classes– for example, language classes– will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two or three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.Part 3 University life•II. B. 2. Examinations• 4. Quizzes• C. regular attendance•III. Graduate school• C. Seminars• D. some area of interest• E. a research paper•Part 3 University life•Key Points:• A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class.•It will contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by.•An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper.•The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced.•Key Points:•Another real difference in our system is our attendance policies.•Generally speaking, Americana professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot.•I’d like to … talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school.•It’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and highly motivated.•Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate school, with regularly scheduled exams, etc.•Key Points:•Some classes will be conducted as seminars.•Another possibility in graduate school is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what he or she has learned.•Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.Part 3 University life• A good student•make mistakes•every new thing•the language•Working outside the classroom• A bad student•Passive•the teacher•stick his neck out•more likely to be right than himself•Key Points:•A: … how would you describe a good student or a bad student, you know, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?•B: …a good student is usually one who’s not afraid to make mistakes, I’d say.•B: And he’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure ora function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.•B: And he’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.•A: So he’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?•B: No. He plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say ―OK I’ve done this chapter I know this,‖ without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself. •B: He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll very rarely ask you why this and why not something else…•A: Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.•B: That’s right and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.•B: And peep over at the his neighbor’s paper.•A: … an alternative learning strategy.•B: … he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. I think that’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.•A: … anything else… that characterizes the good or bad learner?•B: … the good learner is … he’ ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher. He’ll read books.•A: So work outside the classroom as well as in it.•B: Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part 4 University Campus2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the foreign language department10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department12. the Mathematics Department13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic15. the Auditorium16. the Administration Building•Key Points:•The Administration Building: between the river and the lake; close to the Main Road.•The Auditorium: the building behind the Administration Building•The Library: on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river.•The Education Department: across the Main Road from the library; the building by the river. •The Geography Department: the first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road•The Philosophy Department: on its (the Geography Department ) left•The Chemistry Department: on its (the Geography Department ) right; near the lake The Clinic: another building behind the lake•The Chinese Department: facing the lake; across the Main Road.•The Foreign Languages Department: the building between the Chinese Department and the river •The History Department: the first building on the right of the Main Road.•The Psychology Department: next to The History Department•The Sport Ground: behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.Part 4 University Campus•Robert Martin•biology•next fall•six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in the military school; high school in the hometown•science( biology in particular), sports。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eightymillion will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other majorcities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you know,。

Unit 12 DictationItem 1Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,” and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses－hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item 2Today, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on earth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.Item 3America’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east of the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work n a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to another.Item 4The way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,” according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gae can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message, but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.Item 5This time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the internet. Industry try experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. Sixty-three percent of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item 6IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents: Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six y ears in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item 7There are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item 8Petroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.Item 9In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item 10One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item 11The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。