专题七非谓语动词

专题七非谓语动词一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别1、动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

2、名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

3、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

二、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别1、不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。

3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

2、动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。

动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

3、分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语。

这类词常见的有：interesting –interested，exciting –excited，delighting –delighted，disappointing --disappointed encouraging –encouraged，pleasing –pleased，puzzling –puzzled，satisfying ---satisfied，surprising –surprised，worrying --worried三、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：1、不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语如afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,be,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand等2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式如ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend，like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise 等2、有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语如admit，acknowledge, appreciate, avoid, consider, contemplate, delay, deny，feel like 等3、动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事；forget doing忘记做过某事2）stop to do 停止正在做的事而去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3）remember to do 记住去做某事；remember doing记得做过某事4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾；regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企图做某事；try doing试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do打算，有意要；mean doing意味着7）go on to do 继而去做另外一件事情；go on doing 继续原先没有做完的事情8）propose to do 打算要做某事；proposing doing建议做某事9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。

专题七非谓语动词一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。

它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1．分词(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。

I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路)I saw him walk across the road. (看到过了马路的全过程)(2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了)The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上)注意：不定式有表将来之意。

The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(将要被钉在墙上)(3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without引导的介词短语表达。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home.2．动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。

(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。

但作主语不行。

专题07 非谓语动词易错题【01】非谓语动词做状语易错题【02】非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语易错题【03】非谓语动词做定语易错题【04】非谓语动词做补语01非谓语动词做状语(2020年全国Ⅰ，语法填空，1.5分) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。

【问诊】句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。

此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。

【答案】to find【叮嘱】非谓语动词作状语1．动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。

In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。

(2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do结构中。

He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。

He rushed to the station，only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。

(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth结构中作原因状语。

He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。

专题七非谓语动词一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

一、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别）（1）做主语和表语的区别一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语：My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词，一般用动名词做真正主语：注意：it是形式主语，动名词是真正主语。

It’s no use talking like that.It’s a waste of time arguing with him.这种句型，表语是其他词，用不定式做真正主语。

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词命题规律非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。

动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。

考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。

非谓语动词高考常考点：（1）非谓语动词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have beendone完成进行式to have beendoing动词－ing 形式一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving beendone过去分词只有一种形式done（2）非谓语动词作状语①不定式作状语：a.作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。

b. 作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，only to等。

c. 作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。

d. 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。

②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语：a. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。

b. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。

③过去分词作状语：a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。

b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。

专题七非谓语动词2011. 12. 19五年高考A组2011年全国高考题组1. The next thing he saw was smoke _______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen2. The island, ________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ________ nothing about the argument.A. saysB. saidC. to sayD. saying4. Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path _______ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead5. Passengers are permitted _________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried6. __________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated7. On receiving a phone call from his wife _______ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say8. Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked9. More highways have been built in China, _______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A. makingB. madeC. to makeD. having made10. It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated11. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _________ on your feet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept12. Tsinghua University, ________ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded13. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ___________.A. heldB. holdingC. be heldD. to hold14. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have15. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _________ for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost16. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ________ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered17. Recently a survey _________ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared18. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ into smalll pieces.A. breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break19. The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed20. The players _________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected21. Do you wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt22. ________ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. GatherB. To gatherC. GatheringD. To be gathering23. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ people’s concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind25. Lydia doesn’t feel like ________ abroad. Her parents are old.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study26. Simon made a big bamboo box ________ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep27. _________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer28. It’s no use ________ without taking any action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained29. The rare fish, ________ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved30. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ________ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized31. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing…but we seem _______ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostB组2007—2010年全国高考题组1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought3. I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed4. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid5. It rained heavily in the south, _______ serious flooding in several provinces.A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause6. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _______ with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused7. ________ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached8. That is the only way we can imagine _______ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce9. ________ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked10. I’m calling to enquire about the position _______ in yesterday’s China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised11. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _______ the students to return to their classrooms.A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled12. ________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. SeenB. SeeingC. Having seenD. To see13. His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published14. The lady walked around the shops, ________ an eye out for bargains.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep15. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________.A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered16. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent17. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck18. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out19. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing20. He had a wonderful childhood, ________ with his mother to all corners of the world.A. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling21. We were astonished ________ the temple still in its original condition.A. findingB. to findC. findD. to be found22. –It’s no use having ideas only. –Don’t worry. Peter can show you _______ to turn an idea into an act.A. howB. whoC. whatD. where23. Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized24. Dina, _______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggle25. We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding26. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ________ all four people on board.A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill27. With the government’s aid, those _______ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected28. ________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompletingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete29. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow30. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _________ information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present31. _________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged32. David threatened _______ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported33. _________, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.A. Generally speakingB. On the contraryC. In particularD. To be honest34. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten35. _______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded36. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _______ in a small apartment near Boston and _______ what to do abouthis future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered37. The children all turned ________ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at38. The government plans to bring in new laws ________ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced39. I still remember _______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A. to takeB. to be takenC. takingD. being taken40. It is worth considering what makes ―convenience‖ foods so popular, and _______ better ones of your own.A. introducesB. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced41. ________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown42. _______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having waitedD. To have waited43. He was busy writing a story, only ________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped44. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched45. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking三年模拟A组2009—2011年模拟探究专项基础测试1. With tiny shops _______ all the streets, the city of Cairo arouses tourists’ interest in shopping here.A. lineB. lined withC. liningD. line along2. _________ every day, our web provides readers with the latest news.A. To updateB. UpdateC. UpdatingD. Updated3. As time went by, the plan stuck ________ fairly practical.A. to provedB. to provingC. provedD. to prove4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _______ in making the earth a better place to live on.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing5. Exciting as its special effects are _______, there is too much violence in the film.A. to watchB. to be watchedC. watchingD. being watched6. I don’t think it easy, even if we work hard, ________ the South Korea and the North Korea to sit down to talk at present.A. persuadedB. to persuadeC. persuadeD. persuading7. Only _______ in this way can the coffee taste proper and savory.A. madeB. makingC. being madeD. having made8. His play was popular and every time _______ about it, he owed his success to the support of his friends.A. talkingB. talkedC. to talkD. when talking9. Even since my childhood, I have dreamed of ________ a heavy snow in my hometown in winter.A. there beB. there beingC. there will beD. being10. With all the novels he was interested in ________, he left the library and went back to his dorm.A. borrowedB. borrowingC. to borrowD. borrow11.。