语言学课件 Chapter 7 Language Culture and Society

Chapter One Language

1. Define the following terms

1) discreteness 2) design features

3) arbitrariness 4) duality

5) displacement 6) cultural transmission

7) the imaginative function of language 8) the personal function of language

9) the heuristic function of language 10) language

2. Multiple Choice

Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best

answer to the question or to complete the sentence best.

1) Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

2) The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is ________.

A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative

3) In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics

1.1why Study Language

1.2what Is Language

1.3 Design Features Language

1.3.1 Arbitrariness

1.3.2 Duality

1.3.3 Creativity

1.3.4 Displacement

1.4 Origin of Language

1.5functions of Language

1.5.1 Informantive

1.5.2 Interpersonal Function

1.5.3 Performative

1.5. 4 Emotive Function

1.5.5 Phatic Communion

1.5.6 Recreational Function

1.5.7 Metalingual Function

1.6 What Is Linguistics?

1.7 Main Branches of Linguistics

1.7.1 Phonetics

1.7.2 Phonology

1.7.3 Morphology

1.7.4 Syntax

1.7.5 Semantics

1.7.6 Pragmatics

1.8 Macrolinguistics

1.9 Important Distinction in Linguistics

1.9.1 Descriptive Vs. Prescriptive

1.9.2 Synchronic Vs. Diachronic

1.9.3 Langue & Parole

1.9.4 Competence and Performance Chapter 2 Speech Sounds

2.1 How Speech Sounds Are Made?

2.1.1 Speech Organs

2.1.2 The IPA

胡壮麟《语言学教程》

学习指导

Linguistics

目 录

目录…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

第一部分 各章节提纲笔记…………………………………………………………………… 4

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics…………………………………………………………… 4

Chapter 2 Speech Sounds……………………………………………………………………… 8

Chapter 3 Lexicon……………………………………………………………………………… 14

Chapter 4 Syntax…………………………………………………………………………… … 21

Chapter 5 Meaning……………………………………………………………………………… 26

Chapter 6 Language Processing in Mind……………………………………………………… 29

Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Society……………………………………………………… 35

Chapter 8 Language in Use……………………………………………………………………… 38

Chapter 9 Language and Literature………………………………………………………………44

Chapter 10 Language and Computer…………………………………………………………… 49

Chapter 11 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching……………………………………… 53

Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics……………………………………… 59

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Society[注：第六章无测试题]

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. _______ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different

speech communities.

A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics

C. Applied linguistics D. General linguistics

2. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its __________.

A. use of words B. use of structures

C. accent D. morphemes

3. __________ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from.

A. Regional variation B. Language variation

C. Social variation D. Register variation