电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

电气工程专业英语电路 electric circuit电气工程electrical engineering电机electric machine自然科学physical science电气设备 electrical device电器元件 electrical element正电荷positive charge负电荷negative charge直流direct current交流alternating current电压voltage导体conductor功work电动势electromotiveforce电势差potential difference功率power极性polarity能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy变量variable电阻 resistance电阻率resistivity绝缘体insulator电阻器resistor无源元件passive element常数constant电导conductance短路short circuit开路open circuit线性的linear串联series并联parallel电压降voltage drop等效电阻equivalent resistance电容器capacitor电感器inductor储能元件storage element电场electric field充电 charge放电discharge动态的dynamic电介质dielectric电容capacitance磁场magnetic field电源power supplu变压器transformer电机electric motor线圈coil电感inductance导线conducting wire绕组wingding漏电阻leakage resistance电子系统electronic system结构图block diagram功能模块functional block放大器amplifier滤波器filter整形电路wave-shaping circuit振荡器oscillator增益gain输入阻抗input impedance带宽bandwidth晶体管transistor集成电路integrated circuit电力电子power electronics数字信号处理digital signal-processing 输出装置output device模拟信号analog signal数字信号digital signal传感器transducer采样值sample value模数转换器analog-to-digital converter 频谱frequency content采样频率sampling rate or frequendy 扰动disturbance分立电路discrete circuit数字化信号digitized signal运算放大器operational amplifier有源电路active circuit电子部件electronic unit封装package管脚pin同相端noninverting terminal反相输入inverting input电路图circuit diagram压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source 开环增益open-loop gain闭环增益closed-loop gain负反馈negative feedback正饱和positive saturation线性区linear region电压跟随器voltage follower等效阻抗equivalent impedance逻辑变量logic variable位bit数字字digital word字节byte半字节nibble与运算AND operation真值表truth table与门AND gate非门NOT gate或门OR gate加号addition sign与非门NANA gate异或运算XOR operation逻辑表达式logic expression二进制binary system正逻辑positive logic负逻辑negative logic参考方向reference direction理想变压器ideal transformer电气绝缘electrical isolation阻抗匹配impedance matching电力electrical pewer绝缘变压器isolating transformer电压互感器voltage transformer电流互感器current transformer原边绕组primary winding工作频率operating frequency配电变压器distribution transformer电力变压器power transformer磁通密度flux density磁场magnetic field铁芯变压器iron-core transformer大功率high-power空芯air-core磁耦合magnetic coupling小功率lower-power励磁损耗magnetizing loss磁滞损耗hysteresis loss涡流eddy current励磁电流exciting current漏磁通leakage flux互磁通 mutual flux线圈coil芯式core form壳式shell form高压绕组high-voltage winding磁链flux linkage电动势electromotive force有效值root mean square value匝数比turns ratio视在功率apparent power匝数the number of turns升压变压器step-up transformer降压变压器step-down transformer电动机motor发电机generator机械能mechanical energy电能electrical energy电磁的electromagnetic直线式电动机linear motor同步电机synchronous machine感应电机induction machine定子stator转子rotor气隙air gap轴shaft电枢armature励磁绕组field winding无功功率reactive power制动状态braking mode稳态steady-state相序phase sequence反响制动plugging滞后电流lagging current励磁电抗magnetizing reactance 启动电流starting current变频器frequency changer感应电势induced voltage逆变器inverter周波变换器cycloconverter换向器commutator自动控制automatic control控制器controller扰动disturbance期望值desired value压力pressure液位liquid level被控变量controlled variable 方框图block diagram传递函数transfer function工程控制process control伺服系统servomechanism流率flow rate加速度acceleration前向通路forward path补偿correction反馈通路feedback path闭环closed-loop开环open-loop输出output增益gain手动调节manual adjustment 变送器transducer误差error控制方式control mode比例控制proportional control 积分控制integral control微分控制derivative control执行元件manipulating element 调节时间setting time残差residual error不确定度uncertainty观测数据observations采样sample算术平均arithmetic average期望值expected value标准偏差standard deviation下限lower range limit上限upper range limit跨度span分辨率resolution死区dead band灵敏度sensitivity阈值threshold可靠性reliability过量程overrange恢复时间recovery time过载overload过量程极限overrange limit漂移drift准确性accuracy误差error重复性repeatability系统误差systemic error再现性reproducibility校准calibration线速度linear velocity角速度angular velocity弧度radian测速仪tachometer增量式编码器incremental encoder定时计数器timed counter稳定性stability接口interface调节器conditioner开关switch执行器actuator电磁阀solenoid valve连续控制系统sequential control system 触点contact常开normally open常闭normally closed限位开关limit switch继电器relay延时继电器time-delay relay接通电流pull-in current开断电流drop-out current电机启动器motor starter接触器contactor自锁触点holding contact整流器rectifier变流器converter逆变器inverter二极管diode阳极anode阴极cathode正向偏置forward biased反向偏置reverse biased阻断block稳压二极管zener diode晶体管transistor集电极collector基极base发射极emitter共发射极common-emitter双向晶闸管triac正半周positive half-cycle触发电流trigger circuit功率容量power capability功率器件power device晶闸管thyristor导通conduction正向阻断 forward-blocking通态on-state关断状态off-state反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage 漏电流leakage current电流额定值current rating漏极drain门极gate缓冲电路snubber circuit均流current sharing额定电压rated voltage可控开关controllable switch相控phase-controlled充电器charger工频line-frequency变换器converter整流rectification逆变inversion可逆调速revesible-speed再生制动regenerative barking关断时间turn-off time纯电阻负载pure resistive load脉动ripple感性负载inductance load周期time period带内部直流电动势的负载load witn an internal DC voltage波形waveform换相commutation稳态steady state交流侧AC-side延时角delay angle交点intersection电力系统power system发电厂generating plant发电机generator负荷load输电网transmission nerwork配电网distribution network电electricity天然气natural gas原理图schematic diagram锅炉boiler热效率thermal efficiency风力wind power断路器circuit breaker变电所substation故障fault过电压overvoltage击穿值breakdown value过电流over current可靠性reliability继电器relay触点contact电流互感器current transformer合闸线圈operating coil分闸线圈trip coilCircuit theory is also valuable to students specializing in other branches of the physical science because circuit are a good model for the study of energy system in general,and because of the applied mathematics,physics,and topology involved.电路理论对于专门研究自然科学其他分支的学生来说也十分有价值，因为电路一般可以很好地作为能量系统研究的模型，并且电路理论涉及应用数学、物理学和拓扑学的相关知识。

第二章第一篇To say that we live in an age of electronics is an understatement. From the omnipresent integrated circuit to the equally omnipresent digital computer, we encounter electronic devices and systems on a daily basis. In every aspect of our increasingly technological society— whether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionage—the role of electronics is large, and it is growing.谈论关于我们生活在一个电子学时代的论调是一种空泛的论调。

从无处不在的集成电路到同样无处不在的数字计算机，我们在日常活动中总会遇到电子设备和电子系统。

在我们日益发展的科技社会的方方面面——无论是在科学、工程、医药、音乐、维修方面甚至是在谍报方面——电子学的作用是巨大的，而且还将不断增强。

In general, all of the tasks with which we shall be concerned can be classified as "signal-processing“tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term一般说来，我们将要涉及到的工作被归结为“信号——处理”工作，让我们来探究这个术语的含义吧。

A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions. The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore, we refer implicitly to voltages or currents. However, most of the concepts we discuss can be applied directly to systems with different information-carrying variables. Thus, the behavior of a mechanical system (in which force and velocity are the variables) or a hydraulic system (in which pressure and flow rate are the variables) can often be modeled or represented by an equivalent electrical system. An understanding of the behavior of electrical systems, therefore, provides a basis for understanding a much broader range of phenomena. 信号就是其与时间有关的量值或变化包含信息的任何物理变量。

电工学原理的应用电工学原理是电工技术中最基础和关键的知识之一、它主要涉及电流、电压、电阻、电功率等基本概念，以及电路理论、电路分析、电路定理等实际应用。

在现代社会中，电工学原理广泛应用于各种电器、电子设备和电力系统中，为我们的生活和工作提供了便利和支撑。

以下将详细介绍电工学原理的应用。

首先是在家庭用电中的应用。

在我们家中，各种电器设备如电视机、洗衣机、冰箱、空调等都是利用电工学原理运转的。

以冰箱为例，冰箱内部有一个压缩机，它通过电工学原理中的电机原理，将电能转化为机械能，带动制冷系统的运转，从而实现冷藏食物的目的。

而空调则通过电工学原理中的电路原理，利用电压变化产生的热量来调节室内温度。

这些家电的正常运作都依赖于电工学原理的应用。

其次是在工业领域的应用。

电工学原理在工业自动化和控制中有着广泛的应用。

例如，工厂中的自动化生产线需要电工学原理中的传感器、PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）和电机等设备进行自动控制。

传感器可以将各种物理量转化为电信号，PLC可以根据输入的电信号进行逻辑判断和控制输出信号，而电机则通过电力驱动机械设备的运行。

这些设备的协同运作离不开电工学原理的应用。

另外，在电力系统中，电工学原理也是不可或缺的。

电力系统是指由发电厂、输电线路和配电变压器组成的系统，用来传输和分配电能。

其中，发电厂通过旋转发电机产生电流，这涉及到电工学原理中的发电机原理；输电线路则需要利用电工学原理中的电路定理进行电压和电流的计算和分析；而配电变压器则通过电工学原理中的变压原理，将高电压输电线路的电能转化为适合使用的低电压。

电力系统的正常运行离不开电工学原理的支撑。

此外，电工学原理在电子设备中的应用也非常重要。

如手机、电脑、电视和音响等电子设备，它们内部的电路板上集成了各种电子元器件，如电阻器、电容器、电感器、二极管和晶体管等。

这些元件的工作原理都与电工学原理有关。

例如，电子设备中的放大器就是利用电工学原理中的放大原理来放大电信号，从而实现声音和图像的增强。

电工学原理及应用英文精编版第四版课后练习题含答案电工学原理是电气工程中的核心内容之一，掌握电工学原理是成为一名合格电气工程师的必备条件。

而对于英语为第二语言的学生来说，阅读英文电工学原理教材是一项挑战。

因此，本文介绍了电工学原理及应用英文精编版第四版的课后练习题含答案，以便学生们更好地掌握电工学原理。

电工学原理及应用英文精编版第四版简介电工学原理及应用英文精编版第四版是一本介绍电学基础和电力系统基本原理的英文教材。

本书从电学基础开始，逐步介绍了电磁现象、电路、交流电路、电力系统等内容。

此外，本书还涉及最新的用于电力系统控制和保护的数字技术。

本书不仅涵盖了电气工程专业的基础知识，而且也可以作为电子工程、石油化工、化学工程等其他工程学科的基础教材。

课后练习题本书第四版增加了大量习题，这些习题涵盖了电学基础、电磁场、电路、交流电路、电力系统、数字技术等方面的内容。

这些习题分为以下几类：多项选择题•谐振电路是一种能将_转化为_的电路。

(能量；电压)•___代表电量的多少，单位是库仑。

(Q)•___是范德瓦尔斯力引起的电势差。

(塞贝克效应)填空题•一个含有一台发电机的电力系统被称为___。

•巴尔定理被用来计算电路中的___流。

计算题•计算一个电压为220V的交流电路的功率因数，电感L=50mH，电阻R=25Ω，电容C=25μF。

（答案：0.8）问答题•什么是戴维南-楚克定理？•为什么在电力系统中使用三相电？以上仅是本书习题中的一部分，但它们代表了本书中的各个章节的重要知识点。

通过做这些习题，学生们可以更好地理解电工学的基础知识，并逐步掌握电力系统的原理和应用。

习题答案为了方便学生自学，本文还提供了一些习题的答案。

需要注意的是，本文提供的答案仅供参考。

多项选择题答案•谐振电路是一种能将能量转化为电压的电路。

•Q代表电量的多少，单位是库仑。

•塞贝克效应是范德瓦尔斯力引起的电势差。

填空题答案•一个含有一台发电机的电力系统被称为发电系统。

<Electrical and electronic technology>Chapter One: DC Circuit and analysis methodsThe basic concept : the composition and role of the circuit ; understand and master circuit current, voltage and electromotive force , the physical meaning of electric power and energy ; understand the meaning of the voltage and electromotive force , current reference direction ; understand and master the basic circuit element resistors, inductors, capacitors V - Ante , as well as a voltage source ( including the constant voltage source ) , the current source ( including the constant current source ) of the external characteristics ; understand circuit ( power ) of the three working status and characteristics ; understand the concept of electrical equipment ( components ) ratings , and three modes of operation ; understand the concept of the potential , understanding the relationship between the potential and voltage .Basic laws and theorems : mastering Kirchhoff's current and voltage law and Ohm's law and its applicati ons , with particular emphasis on Σ I = 0 and Σ U = significance 0:00 two sets of positive and negative numbers , and Ohm's law in the sign significance. Analysis basis and method : Understanding resistance in series or parallel , hybrid solution method to master the equivalent resistance of the resistor circuit , as well as diversion, skilled application of pressure points formula ; master the method for determining the load circuit, circuit elements , power supply , control circuit power balance analysis ; master with branch current method , the principle of superposition , Thevenin theorem and power equivalent transformation methods such as analysis, calculation circuit ; grasp calculation circuit potential of each point .Chapter 2: sinusoidal AC circuitBasic concepts : understanding the three elements of a sinusoidal AC : amplitude, frequency and initial phase ; understand the concept of RMS and the phase difference ; grasp sine amount phasor notation , master volume and conversion methods sinusoidal phase between the amount ; understanding sinusoidal instantaneous power AC circuits , reactive power, apparent power concept , master active power, power factor concept ; understand the concept of impedance ; grasp complex calculation methods , master phasor diagram of the painting .Basic laws and theorems : Understand the basic laws of phasor form circuits , as well as phasor form ohm theorem.Analysis basis and method : mastering a single parameter AC circuit voltage and current phasor relationship, that the relationship between size and phase relationships ; understand impedance in series or parallel , hybrid solution method to master the equivalent impedance of the circuit , as well as diversion, the partial pressure of the formula phasor type of skilled application ; master circuit judge ( load ) nature ; master method phasor method , phasor diagram , as well as calculating the phase relationship between the size of the relationship and the simple sinusoidal circuit ; grasp active power, reactive powerand apparent power calculation methods , to improve understanding of the inductive load power factor approach.Chapter 3 : Three-phase AC circuitBasic concepts: symmetric three-phase voltage to understand the concept of understanding the concept of the phase voltage , phase current and line voltage and line current , to understand the concept of three-phase symmetrical and asymmetrical loads understand the concept of a three-phase symmetry of the circuit, the negative voltage and current , grasp the three-phase load connection method , understand three-phase four-wire power supply circuit in the middle of the action , understanding the three-phase circuit active power , apparent power and reactive power concept of .Analysis basis and method : mastering phase symmetrical load Y connection and △connection , the line voltage and phase voltage and line current and phase current magnitude and phase relationships, and lines, calculate the phase voltages and currents ; master the three-phase unbalanced load when the Y connection and there is midline , calculate the line current and neutral current ; grasp three-phase circuit active power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.Chapter 4: Common semiconductor devicesBasic concepts : understanding the formation and unidirectional conductive semiconductor basic knowledge and PN junction ; grasp diode voltage characteristics and unidirectional conductivity characteristics, to understand the main parameters and significance diodes , master diode circuit symbol ; understanding silicon regulator the structure and main parameters of the regulator control circuit symbols ; understand the basic structure of the transistor and the current amplification, and the understanding of the characteristic curve of the transistor in the enlarged area , and the cutoff characteristics of the saturation region , the main parameters of the transistor understood master NPN type and PNP transistor circuit symbol .Analysis basis and method : the diode forward voltage withstand (positive bias ) diode conduction withstand reverse voltage ( reverse bias ) diode cutoff . When subjected to reverse breakdown voltage regulator tube current limiting resistor under the action of the voltage across the regulator stable and unchanging ( applying a reverse voltage is greater than the stable voltage , whether the person , the regulator reverse cutoff ) ; If the regulator withstand the forward voltage regulator turns on ( with the diode same ) . Ideal diode and the ideal regulator : for idealized treatment that forward voltage is zero , the reverse cutoff infinite resistance .Triode work in the enlarged area : emitter junction is forward biased voltage withstand ; collector junction withstand reverse bias voltage ;Transistors in saturation : the emitter junction is forward biased withstand voltage ; collector junction bear positive bias voltage ;Transistor in cutoff region : emitter junction withstand reverse bias voltage ; collector junction under reverse bias voltage ;Difficulties: including diodes and regulator circuit analysis , transistor three working state judgment and the judgment of the transistor type , polarity and materials. Chapter 5: Basic amplifier circuitBasic concepts : understanding the role of the composition of various common-emitter amplifier circuit part of the pole , understanding zoom works, understanding the static and dynamic amplification circuit , understand the role of quiescent operating point ; understanding amplifying circuit AC parameters: input resistance , output resistance and the magnification of the significance.Analysis basis and method : direct access and communication pathways master painting ; grasp static analysis methods: estimation method and graphical method ; grasp the DC load line painting ; grasp the dynamic analysis methods: micro- computing small signal ac equivalent circuit parameters becomes law , graphic method for qualitative analysis will ; stable quiescent operating point to understand the processes and principles ; understanding emitter 's basic characteristics and uses.Key elements: a fixed bias circuit , voltage divider type amplifier circuit quiescent operating point of the three circuits emitter and slightly changed equivalent circuit. Will draw DC path and exchange accessChapter VI : Integrated Operational AmplifierBasic concepts : operational amplifier integrated graphics symbols and pins purposes ; negative feedback amplifier circuit and depth of negative feedback ; integrated operational amplifier ideal conditions and basic performance ; analysis of three basic op amp circuit ; integrated operational amplifier basic application Circuit ( ie : addition, subtraction , integral and differential circuits ) ; consisting operational amplifier , the main parameters ; proportional arithmetic circuit , integrated operational amplifier applications ; model ideal conditions for integrated operational amplifier.Chapter 7: DC Power SupplyBasic concepts : Understanding DC power supply and the role of four areas : transformer , rectifier , filter and regulator ; understanding of single-phase half- wave bridge rectifier principle ; understand the principle of the filter circuit , voltage regulator circuit. Understand the integrated voltage regulator applications.Analysis basis and method : Mastering half-wave , bridge rectifier circuit calculating the average load voltage , current, and the calculation of the average current rectifier diode and the maximum reverse voltage. Will draw half-wave , wave bridge rectifier , and the rectifier output load current, voltage polarity.Chapter 8: combinational logic circuitBasic concepts : logical relations , and logic , or logic, non-logical , there is acorresponding basic gates , and doors, or doors and NAND gate . Combination gate circuit , a NAND gate , NOR gate , NOR gate , three-state gate , with the XOR gates and OR gates and the like. Should have a gate symbols, logic and logical expressions. Logical formula logic algebra is important to simplify the formula logical relationship should memorize and master simple formulaic approach .Analysis basis and method : combinational logic analysis and design is the focus of this chapter , in particular, is a combination of logical analysis , master steps.Difficulty: logical expression simplification and combinational logic circuit design Chapter IX : sequential logic circuitsBasic concepts : basic RS flip-flop , synchronous RS flip-flop logic symbols and logic functions , JK flip-flop and D flip-flop , is to learn the focus of this chapter. After the bistable , CP pulse leading edge trigger and the trigger edge , the difference between the symbols . Registers and counters should have analytical methods and points.Analytical basis and Methods: trigger -based , to find CP relationship between each trigger to determine the frontier or back porch , painting the output waveform , identify the key points of transition until the next pulse occurs .Difficulty: analysis of synchronous counter。