上海外国语大学考研英语专业英语综合重点笔记

2020-2021年上海外国语大学英语MTI考研择校、参考书、报录比、考研经验分享上海外国语大学（Shanghai International Studies University），简称“上外”，是新中国成立后兴办的第一所高等外语学府，是新中国外语教育的发祥地之一，是中华人民共和国教育部直属并与上海市人民政府共建、首批进入国家“211工程”和“双一流”世界一流学科建设的全国重点大学。

入选国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校。

学校是国际高校翻译学院联合会（CIUTI）亚太工作组所在地，已开设全部联合国6种官方语文语对组合，获国际会议口译员协会（AIIC）全球最高评级，是包括港澳台地区在内的中国唯一位列世界15强的专业会议口译办学机构，英汉语对全球排名第一。

2019年上海外国语大学英语MTI专业目录考试科目以及计划招生人数参考书目翻译硕士英语：推荐参考书：《新编英语教程》李观仪上海外语教育出版社《中式英语之鉴》琼平卡姆外语教学与研究出版社《GRE阅读39+3全攻略》魏宇燕北京大学出版社《英国散文名篇欣赏》杨自伍上海外语教育出版社参考书解析题型包含完型、阅读和写作三部分（2017年题型改革、仅剩阅读问答和写作两个部分），主要考察学生的英语能力。

学生备考时要注重英语基础，着重提高阅读和写作能力。

无选项完型应该是所有人的难点，大家平时一定要多做练习，多看一些FinancialTimes、Economist的文章，记住文章里面的一些固定搭配、连词、动词等；阅读理解一定不要有严重丢分，要重点复习，多做练习，提升速度和准确度；作文没有诀窍，需要平时的积累，建议每周3篇左右，多积累好的词组、模板等，尽量使用一些高级词汇来提升作文的规格。

英语翻译基础：推荐参考书：《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南北京大学出版社《高级口译教程》梅德明上海外语教育出版社《口译：技巧与操练》诺兰杰姆斯上海外语教育出版参考书解析题型包括英汉短语翻译及解释，中英文章节选翻译，主要考查学生的语言运用能力及整体知识结构。

第十三讲从句的翻译●导入译例Love is what you feel when you feel the feeling you have never felt before.爱情是一种当你感觉到以前从未感觉到的感觉时的那种感觉（表语从句、状语从句、定语从句）The doctor examined the rat that carried the flea that harbored the germ that infected the poor Indian.大夫检查了那只耗子，耗子身上寄生有跳蚤，跳蚤身上则寄生有细菌，这种细菌使那个可怜的印第安人染上了病大夫检查了那只寄生有跳蚤的耗子，是跳蚤身上的细菌使那个可怜的印第安人染上了疾病寄生在跳蚤身上的细菌使那个可怜的印第安人染上了病，大夫检查了那只寄生有跳蚤的耗子The old Saturday Evening Post cartoon the husband yelling at the mother who yells at the kid who kicks the dog who bites the cat who claws the mouse remains a classical American strategy coping with anger.现在美国人发泄愤怒的策略还是像《周六晚报》上刊登的漫画那样：丈夫冲着妻子吆喝，妻子冲着孩子吆喝，孩子就拿狗出气，狗就去咬猫，猫再去抓耗子●定语从句之溶合翻译法：前置定语A man who doesn’t try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的The few points which the president stressed in his report were very important indeed.院长在报告中强调的几点的确很重要They like Mary, who is warm and pleasant, but do not like John, who is aloof and arrogant.他们喜欢热情活泼的Mary，不喜欢冷漠高傲的JohnJane’s laughter, which is very infectious, broke the ice.Jane极富感染力的笑声打破了僵局●溶合翻译法：做谓语There are many students in this class who come from big cities.这个班的许多学生来自于大城市There are a growing number of entrepreneurs who cast their eyes on China, the fastest growing economy in the world.越来越多的企业家把目光投向了中国这个经济增长最快的国家●溶合翻译法：连动或者兼语式I need someone who can look after my child when I am away.我需要有人在我不在的时候来照顾我的小孩（兼语式）He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly.他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来（连动式）●拆分翻译法：保留关系词They will fly to Kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days, and then go on to Guilin. 他们将坐飞机去昆明，在那儿停留两三天，然后继续出发去桂林A few days before I had called on a friend of ours, a physician, whose son my son Tony wanted to play with while I did the shopping.几天前，我拜会过一位朋友，是位内科医生。

上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业考研研究方向解析上外英语语言文学专业共有语言学方向、英美文学方向、比较文学方向、应用语言学方向、翻译研究（笔译）方向、翻译研究（口译）方向、英语国家文化研究、跨文化交际这几个方向。

需要注意的是，由于复试时各研究方向的复试内容有所不同。

上外要求考生在报考时选定研究方向，一旦选定研究方向，之后无法更改。

各研究方向的课程设置和研究内容都有所不同，下面我们将为大家分别介绍。

1.语言学方向主要研究内容：要求学生全面地了解现代语言学的基础理论、研究成果、研究方法及最新发展，并能应用这些理论成果指导自己的语言科研，对具体的语言现象作出解释。

研究内容包括音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、语法学、修辞学、文体学、社会语言学、对比语言学、心理语言学、认知语言学、应用语言学。

就业方向：该专业理论性较强，主要面向大中专教师及研究人员。

所学课程：音系学、句法学、功能语法、形态学、心理语言学、媒介话语修辞分析、语用翻译研究等。

2.英美文学方向主要研究内容：要求学生对英国文学和美国文学的历史及各个时期的主要流派有比较系统的了解，熟悉英美两国的小说、诗歌和戏剧的代表人物与重要作品，有选择地对某一重要流派或作家进行深入地研究，并学会用正确的文艺理论和批评方法进行文学评论。

就业方向：此方向开设学校多，招生人数较多，就业范围非常广泛，一般为教师、研究人员。

所学课程：美国戏剧、现代英国小说、战后英国小说、19世纪英国散文、文学与学位论文写作、莎士比亚研究、美国诗歌研究、英语诗歌、文艺复兴时代英国戏剧、文学与文化理论等。

3.比较文学方向主要研究内容：要求学生掌握基本的比较文学理论和研究方法，了解国际比较文学发展现状和学科前沿问题，熟悉英美文学史和中国文学史，运用比较文学方法，研究英美文学在中国的译介和中国文学在英美的传播与接受；研究中英、中美文学关系以及从文化层面进行中英、中美文学、文化比较，探讨中英、中美文化交流中的问题。

上外考研翻译硕士MTI常用词汇汇总整理严禁疲劳驾车fatigue driving/drowsy driving prohibited眼前利益服从长远利益subordinate the present (immediate) interests to the long-term (prospective, or far-reaching)interests言情片chick-flick演艺经纪公司Artist Management Co. (Ltd.)艳照门nude picture scandal (Edison Chen said on Thursday that he would step away from the Hong Kong entertainment industry, in his first public appearance since a nude picture scandal broke in January. )遥感卫星remote-sensing satellite (The remote-sensing satellite "Yaogan VIII" will be sent into space in the coming days, according to reports. It will be launched aboard the "Long March IV C" from Taiyuan Satellite Launch center in Shanxi province. 据报道，“遥感卫星八号”将于近日在山西太原卫星发射中心用“长征四号丙”运载火箭发射。

)摇钱树cash cow摇头丸dancing outreach药物检查"dope control, drug testing"药品降价drug price reduction亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation CEO Summit亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议the Asia-Pacific EconomicCo-operation Economic Leaders Informal Meeting夜大evening university; night university野鸡大学bogus colleges(UK Immigration Minister Phil Woolas speculated there could have been more than 2000 fake colleges in the UK, allowing tens of thousands of bogus students who in reality are economic migrants using the student visa route to enter the country every year. 英国边境及移民事务大臣菲尔•伍勒斯日前透露，英国估计有2000多所"野鸡大学"，每年帮助数万名非法移民持留学护照进入英国。

第四讲英汉词法对比如何体现复数概念the eastern provinces 东部各省rows of new buildings 一排排新建的大楼the Bakers 贝克一家贝克夫妇the first electronic computers 第一代电子计算机Personal tragedy haunted his life, in the deaths of loved ones. 亲人们相继去世，使他一生充满了人生悲剧outpatientday-studenttablewarevacuum flaskstopwatchfamily treepalm tree 手相contact lens九五折 5 percent discount座钟standing clock三角债debt chain三角恋love triangle传销pyramid selling鸡皮疙瘩gooseflesh脚踏两条船fence-sitter鱼尾纹crow’s feet内八字pigeon-toed露马脚let the cat out of the bagfind a sugar dad第五讲英汉句式比较●状语：地点状语在时间状语之前●定语：既可以前置也可以后置劳动模范model worker 东北northeast田径track and field 中小型企业small and medium sized enterprise●重心转移，语序的灵活性He was daring and resourceful besides being a fine shot.他不仅枪法好，而且有勇有谋●英语重主语，汉语重主题他的左眼瞎了He is blind in the left eye.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁●英语重物称，汉物重人称Dusk found him crying in the street. 黄昏时，他在街上哭了起来Too much water, like little water, will kill the plant.浇的水太多或太少，这种植物都会死过去二十年我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化What brings you here! 什么风把你给吹来了！ 英语重形合，汉语重意合自给率self-sufficiency rate他来，我走If he comes, I will leave.Since he has come, I will leave.As soon as he comes, I will leave.门开了，学生们一涌而入When the door opened, the students rushed in.The door opened and the students came crowding in.英语意合到汉语意合Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失英语意合到汉语形合Sure bind, sure find. 若想东西好找，事先必须放好●英语重核心结构，汉语重流动结构I called up the man who wrote the book that you told me about.Lulled by the gentle motion of the boat and soothed by the rippling music of the waves the babies soon fell asleep.船儿轻轻摇晃，波声潺潺悦耳，孩子们不久就睡着了（英语是焦点式，汉语是散点式）●英语多被动，汉语多主动若要信到，贴足邮票Letters will not be sent unless adequately stamped.幸亏一个渔夫救起了他Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman.The book won’t be sold. /The book won’t sell.这本书不卖（人不卖这本书）/这本书不好卖（不畅销）●英语多替代，汉语多重复Our nation is a great one.In order to promote the Sino-US relations, China needs to know America better and vice versa.In order to promote the relations between China and USA, they need to know more about each other. 更好。

上外考研翻硕英语笔译词汇必备整理纤维光学fibre optics线下商贸运作offline business operation先下手为强catch the ball before the bound县乡机构改革reforms of county and township government institutions 现行利息current interest校园数字化campus digitalization闲置人员idle employee;idle hand闲置地产vacant property (The vacant property in China has reached about 10,000 hectares, and 55% of it was caused by the government's layout plan and the court's close rule, said the Ministry of Land and Recourses Wednesday. 国土资源部周三称，目前全国闲置的房地产用地约1万公顷，其中因政府规划方案和司法查封而导致闲置的土地约占55%。

)限制军备arms limitation限制战略武器会谈strategic arms limitation talks( SALT)先到先得first come first served (All of the tickets for the Paralympics will be sold on a first-come-first-served-basis, a senior official from the Games' organizing committee said over the weekend. 奥组委官员周末透露，所有残奥会比赛的门票都按照先到先得的原则出售。

第十一讲主动与被动●导入译例水烧开了The water is boiled.房间清扫干净了The house has been cleaned up.票卖光了The ticket are sold out.稿子才写了一半The article is half finished.Joe has taken my place. (I am released.) 重心在my placeThe place has been taken by Joe. (You don’t have to bother.) 重心在by Joe The place has been taken. (We are late.)The dishes must be washed up. (Anyhow someone has to do it!)You must wash up the dishes. (giving an order)幸亏一个渔夫救起了他Fortunately, a fisherman picked him up. 渔夫很幸运Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman. 我很幸运●英汉主动被动比较英语中有被动语态，汉语中只有被动句式鸡吃光了The chicken has been eaten up. (The chicken has eaten up its food.)信寄了？Has the letter been mailed?●英语常见被动形式典型被动句：This book is not well accepted by the readers.简化被动句：This book does not sell well.The house will not let. (The house will not be let.)这个房子租不出去〔这个房子不出租〕●英语简化被动语态These shirts wash well. 这些衬衫耐洗This composition reads smooth. 这篇文章读起来很顺口The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上Velvet feels smooth. 天鹅绒摸上去很光滑She doesn’t photograph well. 她不上镜Damp clothes iron easily. 湿衣服好烫简化被动语态强调事物本身的一种特质士兵被打伤了一条胳膊The soldier’s arm was wounded.墙上被炸出了一个洞A big hole was blown in the wall.他被人画了一张漫画Someone has drawn a caricature of him.●英语被动语态的用法不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑无从说出主动者是谁便于上下文连接突出谈话的中心显得客观、正式简化句子构造●用法1：不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的We haven’t been told about it. 没有人告知我们这件事The English evening has been put off till Saturday. 英语晚会已经延期到星期六进展●用法2：出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑You are requested to give us a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目It is hoped that the child will cure her bad habit of crying. 期望孩子能够改掉爱哭的不良习惯Turn in the paper tomorrow, if it can be done. 论文要是大家能够完成的话，就明天交吧●用法3：无从说出主动者是谁You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打Rice is chiefly grown in the south. 大米主要产于南方The problem is being studied. 该问题正在争辩●用法4：便于上下文连接He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他在台上消灭，观众吵闹鼓掌欢送Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was defeated.杰克昨晚在男子单打竞赛中与约翰相遇，结果输了●用法5：突出谈话的中心The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生写的The program was designed by ourselves. 这套程序是我们自己设计的She is spied on by a nosy, suspicious neighbor.一个疑神疑鬼爱管闲事的邻居总是窥探她的生活●用法6：显得客观It is believed that they would do it again.It is said/estimated/reported/learned/predicted/rumored that…It cannot be denied (must be admitted) that…It is generally considered that…人们一般认为It is understood that…●用法7：显得正式A party will be held by classes I and II. Your presence will be appreciated.Under the auspices of the students’ Union, a lecture will be given by …on…at….●用法8：简化句子构造假设要信到，贴足邮票Letters won’t be sent unless adequately stamped.话不说不明Words unspoken are not clear.A few moments after the accident, he was seen by a policeman to whom he made an oral statement.事故发生后不久，他遇到了警察并向他口头描述了事情的经过●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔用施事者做主语〕It is considered to be cruel by many British people to send animals to rockets into outer space. 很多英国人认为，把动物用火箭送上太空是相当残忍的Energy is needed for this reaction and it is supplied by the light of the sun.这种反响需要能量，而太阳光那么能供给所需的能量●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔保存原主语〕The subject will be treated more fully later.这个主题稍后将具体争辩The solution to the problem was finally found.这个问题的解决方法最终找到了●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔增加适当主语〕I am afraid that I shall be laughed at.我担忧人家笑话我John was seen to steal from the store.有人观看约翰从商店偷东西●翻译方法2：英语被动转化汉语无主句Nothing can be done without money.没有钱就无法做事Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak room.请来宾把外套放在衣帽间里It is hoped that Shanghai will be able to establish friendly relations with more foreign cities. 期望上海今后能与更多国外城市建立友好关系●翻译方法3：英语被动转化汉语推断句Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的I was received by Mr. Wang when I first came to Hong Kong.第一次来香港的时候是王先生接待我的●翻译方法4：英语被动转化汉语被动She was set up and was sentenced to life imprisonment.她遭人陷害，被判无期徒刑His discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.他的这项觉察在科学界受到高度评价Vegetable oil has been known since antiquity.植物油自古以来就为人们所生疏The child is spoiled.这孩子给宠坏了Jack was beaten black and blue.杰克让人打得青一块紫一块的This task will be accomplished by the second group.这项任务将由其次组来完成This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the surface of the earth is curved.只有假定地球外表是不平的，这种现象才能得到解释This region must be protected from too frequent visits.这个地区必需加以保护，避开过于频繁的参观●其它转换译例The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice.把温度降低以便使水变成冰The whole party was ruined by his presence.他的到来把整个聚会搞砸了The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.由于打破了权利的过度集中，从而实现了经济自由Ten percent reduction in the auto accidents was realized by exercising tighter control over the speed limit.由于加强了大路车速限制，车祸发生率下降了十个百分点●稳固练习The famous hotel has been practically ruined by the big fire.这场大火几乎使这家知名宾馆化为灰烬这家知名的宾馆在这场大火中几乎化为灰烬A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.本月早些时候在海岸线四周人们觉察了一群鲨鱼The sense of inferiority he acquired in his youth has never been eradicated.他年轻时形成的自卑感至今都没有完全消退他至今都没能摆脱年轻时形成的自卑感Over the years 26 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.过去这些年里宪法增加了26 项修正案，但根本文件始终未变The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机把握While there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the NYSE.股票事实上成千上万，但那些买卖最活泼的通常是在纽交所上市的Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as mush as possible.有些人误以为人们宠爱积蓄精力，宠爱休息，宠爱尽可能保养自己These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers by executing their orders.这些股票经纪人通过按买卖双方要求进展交易从中提取佣金Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that they want to learn and consequently they try to learn.利用业务时间学习的人学得最好。