扬州大学818基础英语历年考研真题

2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．Our dreams will sometimes be______and our ethereal hopes blasted.A．smashedB．shatteredC．crushedD．squashed正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据空后的and our ethereal hopes blasted(并且我们飘渺的希望破灭)可判断，本空所填动词应与blasted并列，且意思相近，故shatter(使(希望、信念，信心)破灭，粉碎)为答案。

smash意为“(有意识地)打碎，打烂”，指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。

crush意为“压碎，碾碎，弄皱”，指用力把东西压破或变形。

squash意为“压碎，挤压，紧压”，指某物受力被压扁或压碎，也指塞挤。

2．The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt to______the peace talks.A．razeB．sabotageC．demolishD．disintegrate正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据语义推断，“攻击”应该是被看作“破坏和平对话”，故只有sabotage(阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏)符合语义，为答案。

raze意为“把(建筑或城镇)夷为平地，彻底摧毁”。

demolish意为“驳倒，推翻(某人的观点或论点)；摧毁，拆毁，拆除(建筑物等)”。

disintegrate意为“崩溃，瓦解”。

3．—When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside.A．thatB．asC．whileD．when正确答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句。

[考研类试卷]2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Our dreams will sometimes be______and our ethereal hopes blasted.（A）smashed（B）shattered（C）crushed（D）squashed2 The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt to______the peace talks.（A）raze（B）sabotage（C）demolish（D）disintegrate3 —When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside. （A）that（B）as（C）while（D）when4 Now the summer is here with more visitors, so the business is______.（B）coming up（C）making up（D）turning up5 On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that theproblems______paid special attention to.（A）refer to be（B）refer to being（C）referred to be（D）referred to being6 It rarely changes and it is rarely sufficient to______the constant hunger pains experienced by the children.（A）alleviate（B）remove（C）remedy（D）decompose7 There was an______of good-friendship in the word which fairly warmed the cockles of her heart.（A）exuberance（B）excrement（D）exasperation8 When asked why they use pirated CDs and computer softwares, many people said that the______versions cost too much.（A）artificial（B）authentic（C）available（D）auspicious9 Flowers and fruit have been rendered______by brilliant colours in contrast with the green foliage.（A）perspicacious（B）conspicuous（C）boisterous（D）precarious10 Considering it's the first time I______the painting, it's not bad; however, it is high time I______ something about home-decorating.（A）did; do（B）did; did（C）did; have done（D）have done; did11 Because outlaws were denied protection under medieval law, anyone could raise a hand against them with legal______.（A）authority（B）validity（C）consent（D）impunity12 She surprised us all when she resigned so suddenly, ______she had worked here for more than twenty years.（A）concerning（B）considering（C）regarding（D）supposing13 He is considered to be an outstanding artist, but I consider his work to be quite______.（A）mean（B）common（C）mediocre（D）intermediate14 Almost as a (n) ______to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.（A）consequence（C）corollary（D）end15 Without facts, we cannot form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge ______our thinking.（A）which to be based on（B）which to base on（C）on which to base（D）which to base16 The lawyers insist — if we make the withdrawal on our own, it could be an admission of error and therefore of______.（A）liability（B）viability（C）plausibility（D）feasibility17 He must exert himself to______so proud a display of resentment; he must get the better of her.（A）submit（B）subdue（C）oppress18 They had all argued so much round their fears and hopes during______that what they wanted was an end of uncertainties.（A）these all few last days（B）all few these last days（C）all these last few days（D）all these few last days19 The ink had faded with time, and so parts of the letter were______.（A）illegible（B）illiterate（C）indelible（D）ineligible20 Besides washing the cut, put some______on it in case you have got some dirt in it.（A）deodorant（C）antiseptic（D）enigma21 ______over everything whenever we want to make a decision, many people believe, and we will have less chance of making mistakes.（A）Think（B）T o think（C）Thinking（D）Thought22 They have produced______.（A）10 as many pianos this month as last month（B）10 pianos this month as many as last month（C）10 pianos more this month than last month（D）10 more pianos this month than last month23 Though environmentalists spoke of an impending disaster, most of the local residents remained______.（A）doubted（B）skeptical（C）dubious（D）suspicious24 An official survey shows that electrical bicycles are now the most potential______to traffic accidents.（A）cause（B）tendency（C）origin（D）invitation25 ______what may, we're not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.（A）Come（C）Coming（D）Having come26 When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts______their way to entertain the guests.（A）went in for（B）went over（C）went back on（D）went out of27 His prose, while less______than some critics have maintained has no new note in it.（A）ancient（B）antique（C）archaic（D）aboriginal28 We should______with the difficulties we were confronted with.（A）accord（B）acquaint（C）brood（D）contend29 In the muted cloth market, the shop-keepers speak in slow, ______tones, and the buyers follow suit.（A）hoarse（B）measured（C）coarse（D）muttering30 Little is known of his childhood______at a factory at the early age of ten.（A）to begin to work（B）beginning to work（C）save that he began to work（D）provided that he worked二、Reading Comprehension30 There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the " labor-market premium to skill" —or the a-mount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned — decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with avengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $ 50, 900, 62% more than the $ 31, 500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.There's no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn't come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49, 260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($ 35, 542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($ 17, 380) there? Not likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren't evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product —like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today's college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid; an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.31 What's the opinion of economists about going to college?（A）Huge amounts of money are being wasted on campus socializing.（B）It doesn't pay to run into debt to receive a college education.（C）College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.（D）Going to college doesn't necessarily bring the expected returns.32 The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century,______.（A）enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities（B）the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates（C）competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today（D）the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed33 Students who attend an in-state college or university can______.（A）save more on tuition（B）receive a better education（C）take more liberal-arts courses（D）avoid traveling long distances34 In this consumerist age, most parents______.（A）regard college education as a wise investment（B）place a premium on the prestige of the college（C）think it crucial to send their children to college（D）consider college education a consumer product34 Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No,you're not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $ 8.The once all-powerful dollar isn't doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine pesoand Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation's self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It's also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates.And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U. S. economy — from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami — for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.Many Europeans may view the U. S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U. S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2, 000 peak? Many Europeans now apparently view the U. S. the way many Americans view Mexico — as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals can't afford to join the merrymaking.The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For the first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006. If you own shares in large American corporations, you're a winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Cola's stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke's beverage business. Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonald's and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldn't expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up —slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don't turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.35 Why do Americans feel humiliated?（A）Their economy is plunging.（B）They can't afford trips to Europe.（C）Their currency has slumped.（D）They have lost half of their assets.36 How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?（A）They have to cancel their vacations in New England.（B）They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.（C）They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.（D）They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.37 How do many Europeans feel about the U. S. with the devalued dollar?（A）They feel contemptuous of it.（B）They are sympathetic with it.（C）They regard it as a superpower on the decline.（D）They think of it as a good tourist destination.38 What is the author's advice to Americans?（A）They treat the dollar with a little respect.（B）They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble.（C）Their vacation should be at home rather than abroad.（D）They treasure their marriages all the more.38 What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $ 7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, and income inequality.Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U. S. News & World Report, which he owns. "Our nation's core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating," lamented (哀叹) the 117th-richest man in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a raw." He noted that, "Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy."Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman's anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. "It's an outrage that any American's life expectancy should beshortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage," said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.What's happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California's governor to offer universal health care, these guys don't need their own personal weathermen to know which waythe wind blows.It's possible that plutocrats are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn't keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that's the real nightmare.39 What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America? （A）The fate of the ultrawealthy people.（B）The disintegration of the middle class.（C）The inequality in the distribution of wealth.（D）The conflict between the left and the right wing.40 What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman's lamentation?（A）Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare. （B）The American economic system has caused companies to go bankrupt.（C）The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation's growing wealth.（D）The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.41 From the fifth paragraph we can learn that______.（A）the very rich are fashion-conscious（B）the very rich are politically sensitive（C）universal health care is to be implemented throughout America（D）Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage42 What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class? （A）They want to gain support for global economic integration.（B）They know that the middle class contributes most to society.（C）They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.（D）They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.42 Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, and then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from most everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked — cordially.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant.I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take themto dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.43 What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?44 How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?45 What does the author imply by saying "...many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant"?46 Why does the author say she'll one day take her clients to dinner?三、Writing47 Directions: A report revealing the reduced role of the English test in China's college entrance examination has drawn much public attention. In some provinces, the English test score has been reduced from 150 to 100, and by 2020, the English test will be removed from China's college entrance exam, according to the Ministry of Education. The students will instead be allowed to take two exams a year and pick the best result for their college admission. What do you think of this test reform and what's the possible effect it may produce on our English teaching and learning? Write a composition of about 400 words to clarify your own points of view about this topic You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument Write your answer on the answer sheet (30 points) Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i. e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a naturalconclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

2018年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The organization Liberty has expressed concern that such widespread surveillance could______personal liberties.A．wadeB．invokeC．muffleD．infringe正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词辨析。

wade意为“蹬，走过”。

invoke意为“行使，实施；援用，援引”。

muffle意为“使(声音)减弱，使(声音)低沉”。

infringe意为“侵犯(他人权利)，违犯(法律)”。

根据空格前的surveillance(监视)和空格后的personal liberties(人身自由)判断，[D]项符合语义，故为答案。

2．There was nothing for it but to accept defeat, which he did with an ill grace, stamping off in disgust followed by the jeers of the crowd and several small boys who ran behind him______his rolling gait.A．yelpingB．riggingC．mimickingD．embroidering正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词辨析。

分析句子成分可知，空格后的内容作ran的伴随状语，根据空格前的small boys和空格后的rolling gait(摇摆的步态)可知，mimic(模仿，戏仿，(开玩笑地)学……的样子)符合语义，故[C]项为答案。

yelp 意为“(因兴奋、痛苦、吃惊等而发出的)尖叫，叫喊”。

扬州大学历年学位英语考试真题English: The history of Yangzhou University can be traced back to as early as 1902 when it was founded as Teachers' College of Tongzhou. Over the years, it has undergone several name changes and institutional mergers until it officially became Yangzhou University in 1992. Yangzhou University is renowned for its comprehensive academic programs spanning various disciplines, including science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences. The university places great emphasis on research and innovation, with numerous research institutes and laboratories dedicated to advancing knowledge and addressing societal challenges. Moreover, Yangzhou University has established collaborations with domestic and international academic institutions, fostering a rich environment for academic exchange and cooperation. With a commitment to academic excellence and holistic education, Yangzhou University continues to produce graduates who contribute significantly to society and the global community.中文翻译: 扬州大学的历史可以追溯到1902年，当时它作为通州师范学堂成立。

2016年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．alternate driving正确答案：单双号限行2．food court正确答案：食坊；美食城3．gene therapy正确答案：基因疗法4．negative ratings正确答案：负面评级5．quake-prone nation正确答案：地震多发国6．road racing正确答案：公路比赛；公路赛车7．sting operation正确答案：(为捉拿疑犯所设置的)缉捕圈套8．zero-sum game正确答案：零和博弈9．State of the Union正确答案：国情咨文10．point-based residency permit正确答案：积分落户制11．national cohesion正确答案：民族凝聚力12．premature death正确答案：夭折，早逝13．illegal surrogacy正确答案：非法代孕14．online snooping正确答案：网络监控15．capital construction正确答案：基本建设汉译英16．特困生正确答案：the most needy students17．三教九流正确答案：the three religions and nine schools of thought 18．假日经济正确答案：holiday economy19．基本国情正确答案：basic national conditions20．可持续发展正确答案：sustainable development21．乱涨价正确答案：arbitrary price hike22．廉政建设正确答案：construction of a clean government23．事业编制正确答案：staffing of government affiliated institutions24．政企分开正确答案：separate government functions from enterprise management 25．依法治国正确答案：rule of law26．以权谋私正确答案：influence peddling/abuse power in exchange for personal gains 27．下硬功夫正确答案：to make intensive efforts28．下岗人员正确答案：laid-off workers29．涉外婚姻正确答案：foreign-related marriage30．精简机构正确答案：streamline the administrative structure英汉互译英译汉31．It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.正确答案：毋庸讳言，既然书籍分门别类，有小说、传记、诗歌等，我们就应该区别对待，并从各类书中汲取不同的营养。

[考研类试卷]2015年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Central park of New York is in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer______yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people.（A）pristine（B）spoiled（C）squalor（D）carnival2 It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won't take the new one,______, because we don't feel as safe on it.（A）somehow（B）though（C）therefore（D）otherwise3 To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply______ she did not know.（A）to the efficiency that（B）to the effect that（C）to the extent that（D）to the best that4 Modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place______superficialrelationships______passing acquaintances.（A）for; with（B）with; with（C）/; with（D）with; for5 The ancestors of all living species were the best-adapted individuals of their day, just as future being, if natural selection is allowed to run its course, ______the best-adapted individuals of today.（A）will evolve to（B）has evolved to（C）will evolve from（D）has evolved from6 Far from______, the traveler felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.（A）being relaxed（B）relaxed（C）relaxing（D）having relaxed7 No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indian with his lofty contempt of death and the ______with which he sustains its crudest affliction.（A）regard（B）fortitude（C）awe（D）reverence8 Such______virtues as______, hard work, and simplicity appear old fashioned these days.（A）common; parsimony（B）homely; thrift（C）fundamental; prodigality（D）quaint; wantonness9 The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of______.（A）organized geographical information（B）geographical organized information（C）geographically organized information（D）organizing information geographically10 The advocates of anarchy are ignoring the______such a form of government will bring with it.（A）chaos（B）autocracy（C）republicanism（D）tyranny11 The health administrative department of a city with districts shall designate at least one______medical institution to take and treat AIDS victims and AIDS virus carriers. （A）illegible（B）legible（C）eligible（D）ineligible12 Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ______half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.（A）to announce（B）announced（C）announcing（D）was announced13 Although I am not a (n) ______, I am interested in tracing the origin ofEnglish______.（A）entomologist; phrases（B）graphologist; pronunciation（C）archaeologist; structures（D）etymologist; words14 Those people______a general understanding of the present situation.（A）lack of（B）are lacking of（C）lack（D）are in lack15 I was so preoccupied with the book that I was______of the surroundings.（A）negligible（B）discerned（C）ignorant（D）oblivious16 ______a slight limp he seemed fit; he could run away, but not very fast.（A）Except（B）Except for（C）Nothing but（D）Rather than17 The outbreak of the Ebola virus in Africa could be ______the poor medical apparatus, ineffective quarantine policy and unrest social conditions.（A）put away to（B）put back to（C）put down to（D）put through to18 It took us only a few hours to______the paper off all four walls.（A）shear（B）scrape（C）stroke（D）chip19 The manager tried to wave aside these issues as______details that would be settled later.（A）alternate（B）versatile（C）preliminary（D）trivial20 She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad completely______her.（A）altered（B）shifted（C）converted（D）transformed21 It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late every night. My parents don't approve______.（A）of me and Richard staying out late every night（B）of Richard and me staying out late every night（C）of Richard's and my staying out late every night（D）when Richard and me stay out late every night22 Almost as a______to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.（A）corollary（B）consequence（C）outcome（D）result23 ______for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.（A）It were not（B）Weren't it（C）Had it not been（D）Had not it been24 Mr. Gore says the increasing______of bush fires in Australia is an example of how quickly the climate is changing.（A）viciousness（B）ferocity（C）maliciousness（D）malevolence25 He knows little of global warming, ______of COP 15 held in Copenhagen.（A）and still less（B）as well as（C）and still more（D）no less than26 We must not get away with just having this thing hang over for another four years and have us______ with the Arab world.（A）at odds（B）in progress（C）on the rocks（D）on wings27 There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______a sudden loud noise.（A）being there（B）should there be（C）there was（D）there having been28 ______explanations, such as blaming obesity on a drop in fat consumption, ignore scientific reality.（A）Simple（B）Simplistic（C）Complex（D）Complicated29 The news of the air crash was reported right away, but the______were not disclosed. （A）causes（B）reasons（C）origins（D）sources30 So involved with their computers______that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.（A）became the children（B）become the children（C）had the children become（D）do the children become二、Reading Comprehension30 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of thepast hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.31 According to the author, really good science______.（A）would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment（B）will help people to make the right choice in advance（C）will produce results which cannot be foreseen（D）will bring about disturbing results32 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century______.（A）knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature（B）were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research（C）did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature（D）thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?（A）They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.（B）They falsely claimed to know all about nature.（C）They did not believe in results from scientific observation.（D）They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.34 What is the author's attitude towards science?（A）He is doubtful because of enormous difficulties in scientific research.（B）He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.（C）He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.（D）He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.34 The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier — that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. Not only was Turner's thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The Populist Revolt (1931).Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth century. In the 1890's, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1, 100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500, 000 more than had been settled during the previous decade. After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for farming than had been taken up for this purpose in the United States up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relatively barren lands.The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century.In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened and the first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed. An extensive network of telegraph and telephone communications was spun: Europe was connected by submarine cable with the United States in 1866 and with South America in 1874. By about 1870 improvements in agricultural technology made possible the full exploitation of areas that were most suitable for extensive farming on a mechanized basis. Huge tracts of land were being settled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in the American West, and these areas were joined with one another and with the countries of Europe into an interdependent market system. As a consequence, agrarian depressions no longer were local or national in scope, and they struck several nations whose internal frontiers had not vanished or were not about to vanish.Between the early 1870's and the 1890's, the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets. Those staple-growing farmers in the United States who exhibited the greatest discontent were those who had become most dependent on foreign markets for the sale of their products. Insofar as Americans had been deterred from taking up new land for farming, it was because market conditions had made this period a perilous time in which to do so.35 The author is primarily concerned with______.（A）showing that a certain interpretation is better supported by the evidence than is an alternative explanation（B）developing an alternative interpretation by using sources of evidence that formerly had been unavailable（C）questioning the accuracy of the evidence that most scholars have used to counter the author's own interpretation（D）reviewing the evidence that formerly had been thought to obscure a valid interpretation36 According to the author, changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in an______.（A）underestimation of the amount of new land that was being farmed in the United States（B）underutilization of relatively small but rich plots of land（C）overexpansion of the world transportation network for shipping agricultural products（D）extension of agrarian depressions beyond national boundaries37 According to the passage, which of the following occurred prior to 1890?（A）Frederick J. Turner's thesis regarding the American frontier became influential.（B）The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the United States.（C）Technological advances made it fruitful to farm extensively on a mechanized basis.（D）Direct lines of communication were constructed between the United States and South America.38 The author implies that the cause of the agrarian discontent was______.（A）masked by the vagueness of the official records on newly settled farms（B）overshadowed by disputes on the reliability of the existing historical evidence （C）misidentified as a result of influential but erroneous theorizing（D）overlooked because of a preoccupation with market conditions38 "Masterpieces are dumb," wrote Flaubert, "They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains." He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoi's simplicity is "overpowering," says the critic Bayley, "disconcerting," because it comes from "his casual assumption that theworld is as he sees it. " Like other nineteenth-century Russian writers he is "impressive" because he "means what he says," but he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. Goethe, for example, says Bayley, "cared for nothing but himself. Tolstoi was nothing but himself. "For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are of a piece. The famous "conversion" of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. "Truth is my hero," wrote Tolstoi in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero — his own, not others', truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations, adhered to meaningless rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoi reversed all preconceptions; and in every reversal he overthrew the "system," the "machine," the externally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.In his work the artificial and the genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great, ignored little Captain Tushin, or Nicholas Rostov's actual experience in battle and his later account of it. The simple is always pitted against the elaborate, knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoi's magical simplicity is a product of these tensions; his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of the answers he found in his search. The greatest characters of his fiction exemplify this search, and their happiness depends on the measure of their answers. Tolstoi wanted happiness, but only hard-won happiness, that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the prize of all-consuming effort. He scorned lesser satisfactions.39 Which of the following best characterizes the author's attitude toward Tolstoi?（A）She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.（B）She finds his theatricality artificial.（C）She admires his wholehearted sincerity.（D）She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.40 The author states that Tolstoi's conversion represented______.（A）a radical renunciation of the world（B）the natural outcome of his earlier beliefs（C）the rejection of avant-garde ideas（D）the acceptance of religion he had earlier rejected41 According to the passage, Tolstoi's response to the accepted intellectual and artistic values of his times was to______.（A）select the most valid from among them（B）combine opposing viewpoints into a new doctrine（C）reject the claims of religion in order to serve his art（D）upset them in order to be faithful to his experience42 It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of War and Peace?（A）It belongs to an early period of Tolstoi's work.（B）It incorporates a polemic against the disorderliness of Russian life.（C）It has a simple structural outline.（D）It is a work that reflects an ironic view of life.42 New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes,industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crime.Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer program. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm's competitors to foreign nations.A competitor sabotages a company's computer system to destroy or cripple the firm's operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $ 2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a new form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.43 What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company's computer?44 What can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?45 What does the author mean by "Homicide could take a new form"?46 What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?三、Writing47 Directions: The use of the mother tongue in EFL (English as Foreign Language) classes had always been discussed controversially. Some researchers support the idea of its inclusion while some others do not Some even claim that the use of translation can become a helpful EFL learning practice technique. It has been argued that the Grammar-translation Approach has over the years had a remarkable success. Millions of people have successfully learnt foreign languages to a high degree of proficiency and, in numerous cases, without any contact whatsoever with native speakers of the language, as was the case in China in the 1970s and 80s. Furthermore, certain types of learner respond very positively to a grammatical syllabus as it can give them both a set of clear objectives and a clear sense of achievement Above all, this approach can give learners a basic foundation upon which they can then build their communicative skills.However, it has been felt that translation itself is an academic exercise rather than one which would actually help learners to use language, and an overt focus on grammar is to learn ABOUT the target language rather than to learn it Critics point out that this method typically creates a teacher-centric classroom, with no opportunity for speaking practice, and that learning tedious grammar rules and long lists of vocabulary does not prepare students to communicate in real-world situations.What do you think of the claim that the grammar-translation method can be used as a supplement to a more communicative approach? Write a composition of about 400 words to join the discussion expressing your own opinions on this topic You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument Write your answer on the answer sheet (30 points)Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i. e. , your main argument) , and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

扬州大学英语考研真题答案一、词汇与语法1. The correct form of the word "consider" in the past tense is "considered."2. The phrase "make a difference" means to have an effect or to be significant.3. The preposition "on" is used to indicate a position above something, in contact with the surface.4. The conjunction "although" is used to introduce a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause.5. The verb "to adapt" means to change oneself to fit in witha new environment or conditions.二、阅读理解1. The main idea of the passage is that the author discusses the importance of environmental protection and sustainable development.2. The author suggests that one of the reasons for the decline in biodiversity is the destruction of natural habitats.3. The passage mentions that the use of renewable energy sources can help reduce the carbon footprint.4. The author argues that individual actions, such as reducing waste and recycling, can contribute to environmental conservation.5. The conclusion of the passage emphasizes the need forcollective efforts to address environmental challenges.三、翻译1. 原文：随着科技的发展，人工智能在各个领域都发挥着越来越重要的作用。

[考研类试卷]2012年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 IMF2 CPI3 NPC4 IDD5 APEC6 sonnet7 syntax8 A-share9 protagonist10 transliteration11 Oedipus Complex12 Wall Street Journal13 US dollar appreciation14 The Proclamation of Emancipation15 The United Nations Security Council汉译英16 人际功能17 美感功能18 下拉菜单19 软驱20 隐性21 形象思维22 月季23 气虚24 复合句25 编码26 语用学27 五光十色28 国际文献29 意合30 互文性英译汉31 The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. In this regard a chore is the very opposite of a "happening"—that strange sort of event which a few years back was so much in fashion. For a happening was in essence unrepeatable; it came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from vaporous imaginings or sudden impulse. Chores, by contrast, can be foreseen in advance; for better or worse, I know that tomorrow I must be re-enacting the same small round of ritualistic deeds; and they arise, moreover, from practical necessities, not from poetic flights.32 From time to time, we are insensitive and behave in a way what hurts someone's feelings. Afterward, when we feel guilty and down in the dumps, friends can reassure us. This positive interaction is therapeutic, and much less than visits to a psychologist. Adolescence and age are the two stages in lives when the need for friendship is crucial. In the former stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the latter stage, older people are upset by feelings of uselessness and insignificance. In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes. Teenagers have the moral support to assert their individuality; the elderly approach their advanced years with optimism and an interest in life. These positive outlooks are vital to cope successfully with the crises inherent in these two stages of life.汉译英33 电脑与人脑的差异，可以用一个字眼来概括：复杂性。

2.1.3 Functions of an abstract (p30)An abstract serves an important function in a research report. It communicates the scope of your paper and the topics discussed to your reader. In doing so, it facilitates research. Abstract help scientists to locate materials that are relevant to their research from among published papers. and many times scientists will only read a paper’s abstract in order to determine whether the paper will be relevant to them. Considering your audience and their needs will help you to determine what should be included in your abstract.在一份研究报告里摘要提供了一个重要的功能。

它向你的读者传达了你论文的范围和讨论的主题。

这样做,它促进研究。

摘要帮助科学家从发表的论文中找到与他们研究相关的材料。

并且科学家会很多遍的只读一篇论文的文摘为了确定是否将与他们的研究有关。

考虑到你的读者和他们的需求将会帮助你决定什么应该包括在你的摘要里。

2.3.1 An informative abstract（p34)An informative abstract acts as a report in miniature, encapsulating the whole paper. It summarizes the key information from every major section in the body of the report, and provides the key facts and conclusions from the body of the report. A good way to develop an informative abstract is to devote a sentence or two to each of the major parts of the report. If space permits, you can provide contextual information such as background of the problem and the significance of the research, but you can also omit contextual information because the abstract is not supposed to serve as an introduction to the subject matter of the report----your introduction will serve that role. You should, however, include key numerical facts to make the informative abstract brief and readers will not be surprised to see key data in an informative abstract.信息性摘要正式记录一篇报告的缩影,概括整篇论文。

2018年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．fuel economic growth正确答案：拉动经济增长2．covert and overt translation正确答案：隐性和显性翻译3．exegetic translation正确答案：诠释性翻译4．fluctuate in line with market conditions正确答案：随行就市5．tighten the money supply正确答案：紧缩银根6．cloud pillar正确答案：华表7．counterfeit and shoddy products正确答案：假冒伪劣产品8．settlement and delivery正确答案：交割9．treasury bills正确答案：短期国库券10．force majeure clause正确答案：不可抗力条款11．transit visa正确答案：过境签证12．heritage tourism正确答案：遗产旅游13．conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 正确答案：合乎国情，顺乎民意14．diachronic experience and synchronic performance正确答案：历时经验和共时运用15．data mining正确答案：数据挖掘汉译英16．诚信缺失正确答案：lack of credibility17．廉政文化建设正确答案：foster a culture of clean government18．宪法修正案正确答案：constitutional amendment19．弱势群体正确答案：vulnerable/disadvantaged groups20．博大精深正确答案：broad and profound21．经济适用房正确答案：affordable housing22．整容手术正确答案：cosmetic/plastic surgery23．住房抵押贷款正确答案：residential mortgage loan24．古典式摔跤正确答案：Greco-Roman wrestling25．二百海里海洋权正确答案：maritime rights to a distance of 200-nautical miles26．互谅互让正确答案：mutual understanding and accommodation27．领土的不可割让性正确答案：inalienability of territory28．创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念正确答案：the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development29．照镜子、正衣冠、洗洗澡、治治病的总要求正确答案：the general guideline of “ look in the mirror, straighten their attire, take a bath and seek remedies”30．京津冀一体化正确答案：Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration英汉互译英译汉31．On one of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something in the mournful magnificence of the old pile congenial to the season; and, as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages.I entered from the inner court of Westminster School, through a long, low, vaulted passage, that has an almost subterranean look, being dimly lighted in one part by circular perforations in the massive walls. Through this dark avenue I had a distant view of the cloisters, with the figure of an old verger, in his black gown, moving along their shadowy vaults, and seeming like a specter from one of the neighboring tombs. The approach of the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains prepares the mind for its solemn contemplation.正确答案：时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。