通信工程专业英语电子版

9பைடு நூலகம்
4．Datasheets Datasheets are available for most ICs giving detailed information about their ratings and functions. In some cases example circuits are shown. The large amount of information with symbols and abbreviations can make datasheets seem overwhelming to a beginner, but they are worth reading as you become more confident because they contain a great deal of useful information for more experienced users designing and testing circuits.
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Fig 3.1 Pin numbers
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If you need to remove a chip it can be gently prised out of the holder with a small flat- blade screwdriver. Carefully lever up each end by inserting the screwdriver blade between the chip and its holder and gently twisting the screwdriver. Take care to start lifting at both ends before you attempt to remove the chip, otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins.

Signal Processing
New Words and Expressions
algorithm n. 算法 n. 声纳 ，声波定位仪 心电图 傅立叶变换 adj.可编程的 多路复用技术 n.放大器 n.传感器，变频器
Lesson One
Modern Digital Design & Digital Signal Processing
比较而言，DSP可以将音频信号转变为数 据流。由于数字比特易于组合与分离，因 There are approximately one billion 此，多路电话信号可以通过一条信道实现 telephones in the world. At the press of a 传输，这种技术称为复用。 few buttons, switching networks allow Lesson One any one of these to be connected to any Modern Digital Design & other in only a few seconds. … In Digital comparison, DSP converts audio signals Signal Processing into a stream of serial digital data. Since bits can be easily intertwined and later Text A separated, many telephone conversations Introduction to Digital can be transmitted on a single channel. Signal Processing This technology is called multiplexing.

把同位语从句可译为与主句并列的一个分句。
基于信令网的（高）速度和方便性，网管信号（传送） 方便.
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Importantly, it obviates the need for most of the per circuit signaling equipment which is necessary when channel-associated signaling is used. for most of…equipment: 作定语修饰“the need”； which:引导定语从句,修饰“the percircuit signalling equipment”； “when”引导时间状语从句。 重要的是，共路信令省略了大部分的噪声抑制电路信令设备，这 些设备是当使用随路信令时是必需的。
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专业英语翻译的标准 忠实（True） 通顺（Smooth） 专业英语的翻译方法 照译 转译 省译 赠补 Common-Channel Signaling
结
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
This was not possible with the earlier channel-associated signaling system, which were tailored to match the transmission and switching systems with which they worked, and whose message repertoires were extremely limited.

Signal processing presence patterns

Sampling and Quantization
Sentence Pattern: "In digital signal processing, sampling and quantification are essential steps in converting analog signals into digital form."
Description: This pattern is used to describe the basic components of electronic devices, emphasizing their importance in the overall structure and function
Electronic Information Sentence Patterns
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Circuit Theory and Analysis
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Sentence Pattern: "In analog circuits, voltage is the primary control parameter, while in digital circuits, it is the current."
Description: This pattern focuses on the application of low pass filters in signal processing, explaining their role in noise reduction and frequency selectivity

Specialized English for Communication Engineering
First, if digital rather than analog signals are transmitted, then the system remains nearly immune to noise as long as it is below a threshold level. rather than ：而不是 immune to ：可避免的,不受影响的 as long as ：只要, 在...的时候 threshold level：门限电平 第一,如果传输的是数字信号而不是模拟信号,则只要噪声电 平低于门限电平,系统就几乎不受影响。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
专业英语的翻译
English
句子结构上有差异 词汇上很少对等
Chinese
直译：基本上保硬留译原文的表达形式死及译内容，不做大的改 动，同时译出的文字又明白易懂； 意译：在正确理解原意的基胡础译上，重新遣词造句，把原 文的意思用通顺的汉语表达出来。
itezadnu Q
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0111
1 f
S
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1001 0101
Signal
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0111
4 digit binary code
Sampling intervals
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
The miniature receiving antenna was developed as an alternative to that larger one.

b. is a passive electronic component that stores electric charge.
New word
Notes
Exercises
Translation
Vocabulary
Exercises:
PART
1. Write T(True) or F(False) beside the following statements about the text. a. One symbol represents a type of component. b. Resistors are damaged by heat when soldering. c. Capacitors are not often used in filter circuits. d. Both capacitor and inductor are passive electronic component. e. Inductor stores electric charge. f. Diodes allow electricity to flow either one direction. g. Diodes also are called valves. h. The symbol of NPN and PNP transistors is same. i. ICs are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor. j. LEDs is one type of diodes.
e. field 5. It changes polarity periodically.

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电场可由空间存在的任何电荷所产生。
空间存在的任何电荷均会产生电场。
0.3 专业英文翻译的几种基本方法
0.3.3 省略 Ellipsis 通常省略冠词、介词、代词等 e.g. Any substance is made of atoms, whether it is a gas, a liquid, or a solid .
0.3 专业英文翻译的几种基本方法
0.3.1 直译 Literal Translation
e.g. In computer we use bit to represent the minimum data. 在计算机中我们用位来表示最小的数据。
翻译中，能够直译的情况较少，一般都需要做适当的变换、省略、增补等以 符合中文的规范和习惯，达到“达”的标准。
A double /treble/quadruple/quintuple …… 增加到二倍/三倍/四倍/五倍 e.g. We double the voltage.
0.4 关于数量 Numbers and Quantities
0.4.3 数量的增减 Increase and Decrease
• increase N times increase to N times increase by N times＊ increase by a factor of N increase N-fold increase N times as much/many/… as 增加为N倍，或增加了N-1倍 （＊有另解） increase by x% 增加了x％
0.3 专业英文翻译的几种基本方法
0.3.2 变换 Changes in Translation 0.3.2.1 词性的变换

1.noise reduction[nɔiz riˈdʌkʃən]n.降噪，噪声抑制采用工程技术措施控制噪声源的声输出，控制噪声的传播和接收，以得到人们所要求的声学环境。

2.signal enhancement[ˈsiɡnəl ɪnˈhɑ:nsmənt]n.信号增强采用工程技术措施增强信号3.filter ['fɪltə]n. 滤波器是指一种用来消除干扰杂讯的器件,对特定频率的频点或该频点以外的频率进行有效滤除的电路，其功能是为了得到某些特定频率或消除某些特定频率。

4.low pass filter [ləʊ pɑːs'fɪltə]低通滤波器是指能够剔除高于截止频率的所有频率信号并且低于截止频率的信号可以不受影响地通过的滤波器。

5.signal processing ['sɪgn(ə)l 'prɑsɛs]信号处理信号处理(signal processing) 是对各种类型的电信号，按各种预期的目的及要求进行加工过程的统称。

对模拟信号的处理称为模拟信号处理，对数字信号的处理称为数字信号处理。

所谓"信号处理"，就是要把记录在某种媒体上的信号进行处理，以便抽取出有用信息的过程，它是对信号进行提取、变换、分析、综合等处理过程的统称。

6.desired signal [dɪ'zaɪəd 'sɪgn(ə)l]n.所需信号,有用信号，有效信号希望得到的信号7.noisy signal['nɒɪzɪ 'sɪgn(ə)l]n.加噪信号夹带噪声的信号8.measured signal ['meʒəd 'sɪgn(ə)l]n.已测信号已测量过的信号9.undesired signal[ˌʌndɪ'zaɪəd 'sɪgn(ə)l] n.干扰信号，无用信号，无效信号不想得到的信号10.application [æplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 应用；应用程序某种技术、系统或者产品的应用。

Unit 13Comparison between GSM and CDMA GSM与CDMA之比较Using CDMA/FDD technology, subscribers of CDMA cellular mobile communication system can transmit their information simultaneously through the same channel. On the other hand, the GSM system adopts TDMA/FDD method to transmit and distinguish information from different GSM mobile stations. In addition, in favor of QCELP arithmetic, RAKE receiver, power control and soft switching etc., CDMA shows more advantages in its system performance than the GSM, such as greater anti-interference capability, bigger system capacity, higher successful connection ratio, fewer off-line chances, low probability of intercept(LPI), and so on.使用码分多址/频分双工技术，用户的蜂窝移动通信系统的传输信息的同时，通过同样的渠道。

另一方面，该系统采用时分多址/频分双工传输的方法和识别信息从不同的移动台。

此外，有利于中国电信集团广州研发中心算术，耙式接收器，功率控制和软开关等，显示出更多的优势在码分多址系统性能比，如更高的抗干扰能力，更大的系统容量，连接成功率较高，离线的机会少，低截获概率（低截获概率），等。

1。

"In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world：seismic vibrations visual images， sound waves， etc。

DSP isthe mathematics，the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form.”在大多数情况下，这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比如地震的震动，视觉图像,声音波形等。

数字信号处理是一种数学工具,是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术.2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示,即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。

3。

If f （t ） is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You couldartificially extend thesignal to make it periodicbut it would requireadditional continuity at the endpoints . 如果f(t)是非周期信号，那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，并不能精确的表示该信号f(t).你可以人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性，但是这要求在端点处附加连续性4。

Electroics电子学battery电池lSI大规模集成电路ultraviolet紫外线radiation辐射LED发光二级管capacitor电容integrated circuit集成电路wireless telegraph无线电报passive devices无源器件电流current二极管diodes半导体semiconductor真空管vacuum tube印刷电路printed circuit高清电视high definition tv电阻器resistorAmpere 安培Conductivity传导体magnetic cor磁芯insulator绝缘体dielectric电解质thevenin’s theore戴维定理negative termin负极charge电荷inductance感应系数polarity极性电感inductor节点hode等效电阻equivalentresistance叠加定理superpowertheoremSemiconductor半导体number system计数制IC集成电路commutativeLaw分配率binary二进制inverter交换器negative否认的sequential时序的双极型bipolar晶体管transistorN沟道N channel线性化line布尔代数boolean algera真值表the table解发器flip-flop组合逻辑电路combinational logla circuit积和式sum-of-productsParasitic capacitance寄生电容channel bandwidt通道带宽half-duplex半双工spurious frequenc寄生频率input match输入匹配tuning range调制范围the baseband amplifier基带放大器noise figure噪声系数minimum detectable signal最小可检测信号灵敏度sensitivity谐波harmonics阻抗匹配impedance match本机振荡the local csillator过载特性overloadcharacteristics信道channel高斯白噪声white cnaussiannoise中频inter medium基带信号baseband signalSignal and syste信号与系统aeronautics and astronautics航空航天continuous-time signals连续时间信号signal energy and power信号与功能total energy总能量complex number复数infinite time interval无限时间范围average power平均能量physical system物理系统automotive vehicl机动车辆信号处理signal processing 电路设计circuit design离散时间信号discrete-time signal非零常数nonzerv constant 独立变量independent variables瞬时功率instaneous power 无限能量infinite energy相互作用的子系统interconnection-of-subsyste ms。

The key advantage of digital representation lies in the universality of representation. Since any medium, be it a text, an image, or a sound, is coded in a unique form which ultimately results in a sequence of bits, all kinds of information can be handled in the same way and by the same type of equipment.Furthermore, transformations of digital information are error free, while analog transformations introduce distortions and noise.1 StorageThe same digital data storage device can be used for all media. The only difference may lie in size requirement.Still images and motion video require larger volumes than text or graphics. Sound also is demanding though less so than imaging. Thus, appropriate digital devices may be required, such as compact disk-read-only memories (CD-ROMS). But the key point is that a single type of digital device may store all kinds of information.2. TransmissionAny data communication system capable of carrying bits has the potential to transmit any multimedia digital information. Thus, a single communication network supporting digital transmission can, in theory, be envisaged.This concept is referred to as an integrated services digital network （ISDN), which is a facility aimed at integrating the transport of all information media.The difficulties may arise from the requirements of certain applications, in particular those which need to respect with fidelity（忠实、保真度）the time-dependency of digital signals.Even when the potential for integrating different types of information on a single communication system is not exploited, the benefits of digital versus analog transmission are numerous. First, digital signals are less sensitive to transmission noise than analog signals. Second, the regeneration of the signal--which is the process by which an attenuated signal is strengthened -- is easier. Third, error detection and correction can be implemented. Fourth, the encrypting of the information is also easier.3. ProcessingAs all information is stored on computers, it can be processes, analyzed, modified, altered, or complemented by computer programs like any other data. This is probably where the potential is the highest.•An attempt may be made to recognize semantic contents (speech, handwriting, form, and pattern recognition). An example of advanced contents recognition is the detection of cuts in motion video to automatically identify and index video sequences.•Data structures, chaining using pointers between information elements, may be created for faster and flexible retrieval（检索）.•Powerful editing by cut-and-paste functions to create monomedia (e.g. sound only) or multimedia documents is possible.•The quality of information may be improved by the removal（移除）of noise or errors as shown by the digitization of old vinyl records to create higher-quality audio compact disks.•Information of a similar type but created through different processes---such as motion imaging synthesized by computers and camera-captured video--- may be mixed.•To summarize:•Digital representation permits the storage of different information types on the same device. Information may also be transmitted over a single digital network.Likewise, when digitized, all forms of information may be treated by computer programs, for editing, quality improvement, or recognition of the meaning of the information.4. Drawback (缺点，不足）of Digital Representation of Continuous InformationThe major drawback of the digital representation of information lies in coding distortion. The process of first sampling and then quantizing and coding the sampled values introduces distortions. As a result, the signal generated after digital-to-analog conversion and presented to the end-user has little chance of being completely identical to the original signal.Increasing the sampling rate and multiplying the number of bits used to code samples reduces the distortion. The result is an increased number of bits per time or space unit, called bit rate, necessary to represent the information. There are clearly technological limits to the explosion of bit rates: storage capacity is not infinite, and transmission systems also have limited bandwidths.One of the key issues then is to choose an appropriate balance between the accuracy of the digitization, which determines the bit rate, and the perceived（感知，觉察）distortions by users. Do not forget that it is how distortions are perceived by humans which matters, not what they are physically.Another consequence, as mentioned before, is the need for a large digital storage capacity for moving or still images and, to a lesser extent, for sound. Eight minutes of stereophonic CD sound are enough to completely fill（装满）the 80 megabyte hard disk of a standard personal computer.Fortunately, compression algorithms have been developed to alleviate（缓和，减轻）these requirements. But only spectacular recent progress in digital storage capacity and cost has enabled the development of massive digital storage of media such as images, sound, and motion video.Let us summarize:The digitization process introduces a distortion of the information. Reducing this distortion may be achieved by increasing the sampling rate and the number of bits to code each sample. Images, sound, and motion video require a large amount of digital storage capacity.。

(3) The encoding of these symbols in a form that is suitable for transmission over a physical medium of interest.
(4) The transmission of the encoded symbols to the desired destination.
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Unit 1 The Communication Process
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES NOTES
EXERCISES 参考译文 EXTENSIVE TEXT
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Today, communication enters our daily lives in so many different ways that it is very easy to overlook the multitude of its facets. The telephones at our hands, the radios and televisions in our living rooms, the computer terminals with access to the Internet in our offices and homes, and our newspapers are all capable of providing rapid communications from every corner of the globe. Communication provides the sense for ships on the high seas, aircraft in flight, and rockets and satellite in space.

12 Fig 2.2 Function y=logx
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A is the compression coefficient and the curve is continuous at x = 1/A．The law is illustrated in Fig 2.3.
14 Fig 2.3 Cattermoles’s compandingng To obtain compression of the large amplitude signals, a logarithmic law would seem appropriate．Unfortunately, as we can see from Fig 2.2, the function y = log x does not pass through the origin．It is therefore necessary to substitute a linear portion to the curve for lower values of x．Most practical companding systems are based on suggested by K.W.Cattermole, namely．
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The practical implementation of this law would require nonlinear signal processing followed by linear quantization．The implementation of the nonlinearity, together with the complementary nonlinearity at the receiver, presents considerable problems．It is usual, therefore, to implement a piece-wise linear segmental approximation to the law．Two piece-wise linear laws are in general use．That used in Europe is known as the CCITT companding law A．A-law companding consists of eight linear segments for each polarity, the slope halving for each segment, except for the lowest two segments．The law is illustrated in Fig 2.4．

通信工程英语1.Installation设备、设施、安装2.overheadpolelineinstallation架空杆线安装3.undergroundburiedcable地下直埋安装4.loosetubecable松套光缆5.doublejacket双层护套6.armoredjacket铠装护套7.cross-countryroutes野外路由8.plowequipment开沟设备9.Steel-armoreddirectburialcable钢铠装直埋光缆10.undergroundducts地下管道11.heavyarmoreddirectburialcable重型铠装直埋光缆12.diggingoperationsbegin开沟作业前13.soilconditions土壤条件14.cableroute光缆路由沿线15.cable-placing equipment 光缆敷设设备16.installationdepth敷设深度17.undergroundutilities地下公共设施18.properright-of-way通行权19.plowingin a cable 犁沟敷设光缆20.directionboring定向钻孔21.directionboringmachine定向钻孔机22.frostconditions 霜洞线23.groundfrostheaves冰冻冷胀24.loaddistribution负荷分布25.opticalfibermicrobending光纤微弯损耗26.settlingofthebackfill回填土，沉陷27.fencing打围28.warningtape警示带29.cablemarkers光缆标记30.galvanizedsteelpipe镀锌钢管31.concreteslabs水泥板32.providecrushresistance耐压性能33.terminationpoints光缆中节点34.groundwire接地线pression-typegroundclamp压缩接地夹36.bolt螺栓37.groundterminalstrip接地端直板38.lowresistivepath低电阻通道39.locatingequipmentsignalgenerator定位信号发生装置40.8roundbar8号接地棒41.hand hole 手孔42.excesscable余缆43.cablingsystems光缆网络系统44.manhole人孔45.high-densitypolyethylene（HDPE）高密度聚乙烯46.epoxyfiberglasscompound环氧玻璃化合物47.corrugatedtype波纹类型48.corrugatedinnerduct波纹直管49.springaction弹力作用50.pullingtape牵引带51.ductingsystems 管道系统52.fillratio填充率53.fiberopticcablelubricant光缆润滑剂54.coefficientoffriction摩擦系数55.flame-retardant阻燃的56.lubricant collarandpump馈送漏斗57.maximumanticipatedpulltension预计最大牵引张力58.Aswivel转接头59.Cabletwisting光缆钮绞60.aircompressor空气压缩机61.engineeringdesign工程设计62.pullingtension牵引张力63.routerlength路由长度64.spliceenclosurelocation接头盒位置65.fiberlinkattenuation光纤链路衰减66.openflames明火67.electricspark电火花68.fusionsplicer光纤熔接机69.flammablegases存在易燃气体70.safetyandhealthregulations安全卫士法规71.ductsareclear清洁管道72.reelvault缆盘人孔73.powerwinch&tensionmonlior张力检测仪74.cable-pullingwinch光缆牵引绞盘75.strip-charttensionrecorder子带张力记录仪76.dynamicelectronicdisplay动态电子显示器77.feedertube配送管道78.barefiberadapter裸纤测配仪79.cablegrip缆夹、缆扣80.figure8coilpattern8字形卷81.emergencyrepair抢修82.cableracking光缆分接83.innerductendplugs内口端头筛84.fiberopticcabletags光缆标签85.cableblowing吹送光缆86.steelmessenger钢制吊线87.self-supportingfiberopticcable自承式光缆88.polespan杆距89.cablesag光缆弧垂90.polelinework杆线作业91.electricfieldradiation电场辐射92.cablereeltrailer缆盘拖车93.buckettruck铲车94.wheelblocks滑轮95.deat-endclamps耐张线夹96.expansionloop膨胀环97.atterminatingpoles终端杆98.risercable引上光缆99.cableriser光缆引上管100.safetyprecautionareobserved安全防护措施101.sagtension垂弧张力shingclamp缠扎机夹具shingwire扎线104.routeplanning路由规划105.raceway配线管道106.class2and3remotecontrolsignalingcircuits2类、3类遥控信令电路107.crushresistance耐压性能108.pullboxes牵引箱109.straight-throughpullbox直通牵引箱110.acomerpullbox拐角牵引箱111.verticalinstallations垂直安装112.tensileload拉伸负荷113.maximumcableverticalrise光缆最大垂直安装高度114.cableclamps光缆线夹115.opticalfiberdistributionpoint光缆配线点116.patchpanel接线板117.horizontalcableroutes水平光缆路由118.suspendedceilings天花板吊顶119.raisedfloors活动地板120.equipmentrack机架121.strengthmember加强件122.cablesheath光缆护套123.splicetrays熔纤盘124.mechanicalsplices机械接头125.barefusionsplices裸纤126.heat-shrinkfusionsplion热缩溶解接头127.opticwavelength-sensitive对光的波长敏感128.fiberspliceprotectors光纤接头保护罩。

modulator 调节者
flip-flop 翻跟斗
调制器
触发器
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)
regenerate impair recognition beyond recognition deterioration n. v. v. n n.
incorporate v.
同步数字网
（使）结合，包括，插（编） 入
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
multi-frame bipolar 复帧 adj. 两极的，双极（性）的，双向 的
consecutive
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
With modern digital switching systems it is possible to make more efficient use of the signaling channel by using it simply as a message transmission facility，the formatting of the signaling information being the responsibility of the exchange equipment． “it”为形式主语，“to make more…facility”是真正的主语 “the signaling channel”作宾语，“efficient” 是“use’’的定语； the formatting…equipment:分词独立结构，作伴随状语． 利用现代数字交换系统，把信令信道仅仅作为信息传输工具（设 备）使其利用率更高是可能的，信令信息的初始化是交换设备的 功能。

The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar.
The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically.
2’s $150 points to another
指向/表明
possibility: financial reward for the little guys, the
n. 可能性 adj. 金融的 n. 报酬
amateurs, and the hobbyists.
The concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy.
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英文摘要的语态：
主动语态：摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态，有助于文 字清 晰、简洁及表达有力。
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“I thought to myself, ‘If anyone ever finds out that
心中想
发现
you can just sit around in your underwear writing
n. 内衣
stupid blog and make $150 a day, the world will be
A method to deal with installation errors of wearable accelerometers for human activity recognition