人大企业管理考博真题

考博详解与指导中国人民大学商学院博士入学考试经济学试题专业：企业管理、技术经济和管理、财务管理、产业经济学、流通经济学时间：2002一、论市场经济理论与实践（50）二、入世与我国产业结构调整（50）时间：2003一、分析通货紧缩的原因及治理对策（40）二、试析中国大陆对外开放政策的经济含义（30）三、试论国有经济管理体制改革与经济发展的关系（30）时间:2004一、论述经济活动中边际效益递增的条件和选择策略（25）二、试述技术变革对市场结构的影响（25）三、试分析我国经济高速增长下劳动工资趋向（25）四、试分析我国生产要素总供给和总需求及当前经济情况（25）时间：2005一、试分析周期理论主要流派（25）二、试用结构-行为-绩效框架分析我国市场经济结构及其效应（25）三、试用社会成本、企业成本（私人成本）和政府矫正外部性政策原理，论述循环经济与可持续发展的关系（25）四、使用规模经济理论，分析企业兼并或收购的经济效应（25）时间：2006一、论述垄断竞争市场的特点及其资源配置二、论述熊彼特的周期理论，并分析我国多数产业产能过剩的原因及影响三、论述技术变革对生产函数、成本函数的影响，利用微笑利润曲线论述技术变革的作用.四、论述在市场经济条件下，一国的国际收支能够做到自动调节时间：2007一、试述现代经济学对企业性质的观点（20）二、试用效用理论评价产品价格及品质对产业竞争力的影响（20）三、试论全球化与信息化背景下中国民族企业发展战略（30）四、试用IS-LM-BP模型解释当前中国宏观经济状况形成机理及对企业经营环的影响（30）时间：2008一、什么是沉没成本？沉没成本对企业决策行为有什么影响？二、论述财政政策和货币政策的相互关系。

三、论述支持价格和限制下个的特征及效应四、请用怕累托改进评价中国三十年来的成就。

第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

中国人民大学经济学院企业经济学考博信息汇总该文档包括第一部分：考试科目，第二部分：复试分数线、招生人数，参考书目，第三部分：导师信息，第四部分：考研真题。

第一部分：考试科目0201Z2-企业经济学初试考试科目：①经济理论；②企业理论；③外语；跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目：④经济学中的数学方法；⑤经济思想史；同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目：④经济学中的数学方法；⑤经济思想史；⑥政治理论。

注：经济理论含：政治经济学、微观经济学、宏观经济学第二部分：复试分数线、招生人数、参考书目年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含硕博连读）2012年外语55分专业一60分专业二60分总分180分114人/79人2013年外语55分专业一60分专业二60分总分180分93人/75人2014年外语55分专业一60分专业二60分总分180分104人/76人2015年外语55分专业一60分专业二60分总分180分106人/80人育明教育姜老师解析：1、人大经济学院的复试分数线并不是非常高，但考生之间拉开的分差却是比较大的。

在初试的三门科目中英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

而专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要，更多内容可以联系育明教育姜老师，电话是一五三一一二二零二零零，球球是一七三七五零三四九八，只有掌握了充分的考试信息确定了正确的复习方向才能够拥有足够的竞争力。

2、总成绩=初试总分/3*50%+复试总分/2*50%(初复试各占50%)。

录取中导师比较看重初试的成绩，历年初试的排名顺序与最终排名顺序相差较小。

第三部分：导师信息育明教育姜老师解析：每位导师大约带1-2名学生，考生在报考的时候一定要确定导师是否还有名额，免得浪费时间，当然育明教育也可以帮助大家联系导师，如果考生有需要，也可以安排见导师，只是费用比较高。

针对考博我们都是高端的一对一辅导，不开设小班授课，费用都是根据课时来定，从13800-38800不等，上课时间也比较灵活，可以来北京面授，也可以进行网络QQ视频一对一授课，非常方便。

选择题下列哪项不是企业战略管理的核心环节？A. 战略分析B. 战略制定C. 战略执行D. 战略评价市场营销组合中，哪个“P”代表价格？A. ProductB. PriceC. PlaceD. Promotion以下哪个选项不属于人力资源管理的主要职能？A. 招聘B. 培训C. 融资D. 绩效评估在SWOT分析中，哪个因素代表组织的内部劣势？A. StrengthsB. WeaknessesC. OpportunitiesD. Threats下列哪项不是组织文化的特点？A. 稳定性B. 多样性C. 持久性D. 短暂性在项目管理中，哪个阶段的主要任务是制定项目计划？A. 启动阶段B. 规划阶段C. 执行阶段D. 监控阶段填空题工商管理的核心目标是实现企业的_____和_____。

在供应链管理中，_____和_____是确保供应链高效运作的两个关键因素。

市场营销的4P组合包括产品（Product）、价格（Price）、_____和_____。

在人力资源管理中，_____和_____是招聘过程中的两个重要环节。

SWOT分析中的S代表_____，W代表_____。

在项目管理中，_____是项目成功的关键因素之一，它涉及到项目的范围、时间、成本等方面。

简答题描述企业战略管理的过程，并解释每个阶段的主要任务。

简述市场营销组合中各个“P”的含义，并说明它们之间的关系。

论述人力资源管理在企业管理中的重要性，并举例说明其实际应用。

分析SWOT分析在企业战略制定中的应用，并给出一个具体的案例。

简述组织文化的特点和作用，并讨论如何构建积极的组织文化。

描述项目管理中的关键过程，并说明每个过程在项目管理中的作用。

中国人民大学经济学博士入学考试面试题库
第一组
1 如何理解宏观调控中行政手段的使用
2 如何在现阶段我国的经济建设中落实科学发展观
3 谈我国收入结构差距不断扩大的看法
4 如何评价我国目前资本市场的表现
5 内外资所得税税率并轨对我国经济有何影响
6 解决“三难”问题（住房难，看病难，上学难）的政策制度措施有哪些？
7 确定主导产业是否存在客观标准？如果有，这一标准是什么？
8 如何分析预测价格水平未来的走势？
1 马克思主义政治学原理对我国宏观经济有什么指导意义
2 如何看待我国本次宏观调控与前几次的不同？
3 谈基尼系数及其在我国的应用
4 库兹尼茨倒U曲线及其在我国的应用
5 中国金融安全程度分析
6 我国新农村建设进展状况
7 谈政府失灵与市场失灵及其应对
8 中国经济影响力分析
第三组
1 社会主义市场经济条件下国有企业的职能和作用是什么
2 谈西方经济学中实证研究的方法、思想及其存在问题
3 举例说明科技创新与制度创新之间的关系
4 我国保持适度经济增长的速度标准是什么
5 我国外汇储备已经超万亿美元，是否过多？如何利用这笔资金
6 如何理解奥肯定理的涵义及其在中国的应用
7 如何实现我国入世过渡期基本结束后的金融安全
8 如何提高经济发展规划的科学性
9 当前我国宏观经济中存在地主要问题是什么？
很多与2007年面试题相同或相近，新题都是当今热点，如流动性过剩、收入分配问题、经济过热问题等。

1 如何评价经济预测的准确性
2 中国是否存在滞胀威胁及原因
3 CPI与人们感觉不符的原因
4 案例分析：谈宏观调控中行政手段运用。

管理博士面试题库及答案1. 请简述您选择攻读管理学博士学位的原因。

答案：选择攻读管理学博士学位是因为我对管理学领域有着浓厚的兴趣，并且希望通过深入研究来提升自己的专业能力和理论水平，为未来的学术或职业生涯打下坚实的基础。

2. 您认为管理学中最重要的概念是什么？为什么？答案：管理学中最重要的概念之一是“战略管理”，因为它涉及到组织如何制定并实施长远计划以实现其目标，这直接影响到组织的成功和可持续发展。

3. 描述一下您在管理实践中遇到的一个挑战，并说明您是如何应对的。

答案：在管理实践中，我曾遇到团队成员间沟通不畅的挑战。

我通过组织定期的团队会议，鼓励开放的沟通和反馈，同时引入了项目管理工具来提高团队协作效率，最终有效解决了这一问题。

4. 您如何看待当前的管理教育与实际管理实践之间的差距？答案：我认为当前的管理教育与实际管理实践之间存在一定的差距，主要体现在教育内容可能过于理论化，而缺乏与现实世界的紧密联系。

为了缩小这一差距，管理教育应当更多地结合案例研究、实习经历以及与行业专家的互动。

5. 请谈谈您对领导力的理解及其在组织中的作用。

答案：领导力是指引导和激励团队或组织成员朝着共同目标前进的能力。

在组织中，领导力对于制定方向、鼓舞人心、实现目标以及推动变革至关重要。

6. 您如何看待技术创新对管理实践的影响？答案：技术创新对管理实践有着深远的影响。

它不仅改变了工作方式，提高了效率，还要求管理者不断学习新技能，适应新的管理工具和方法，以保持组织的竞争力。

7. 在您的研究计划中，您打算如何解决研究中可能遇到的方法论问题？答案：在我的研究计划中，我会采用多种研究方法，包括定性和定量分析，以确保研究结果的可靠性和有效性。

同时，我会与导师和同行进行定期讨论，以识别和解决可能的方法论问题。

8. 请举例说明您如何在过去的工作中应用管理理论。

答案：在过去的工作中，我曾应用变革管理理论来引导团队适应新的工作流程。

通过有效沟通变革的必要性，制定详细的实施计划，并提供必要的培训和支持，我成功地帮助团队顺利过渡到了新的工作模式。

2012年中国人民大学商学院企业管理专业复试题专业课笔试：一、请从不同角度给企业下两个定义。

并分析与比较。

（15分）二、（选择性失忆，求补充）（15分）三、试分析“经济人”、“社会人”、“自我实现人”假设同马斯洛需求层次理论的关系。

并用“复杂人”假设分析马斯洛需求层次理论的局限性。

（15分）四、试论霍桑试验结果对管理学思想发展的影响。

（15分）五、钱德勒提出“战略决定组织结构”。

有人则认为相反。

1.请分析战略与组织结构的因果关系。

（10分）2.对于战略与组织结构二者关系的两种不同观点，对管理实践有何启示。

（10分）六、试述绩效管理与企业文化的关系。

（20分）英语笔试：三段英译汉，三段汉译英。

（平均每段两三句）英语听力及口语：一、听力：老师读一段（两三句），读两遍，翻译成中文。

读给我的是关于negotiation。

二、口语：抽一题。

(目前收集到的)1.How will you demonstrate your ability on the postgraduatedegree?2.what's your weak area and how to improve that?3.关于miscommunicating的问题...专业课及综合素质面试问题（目前收集到的）：1.有人说工作满意度高的员工工作积极性就高。

是否认同？为什么？2.有人说“沟通的本质是换位思考”。

是否认同？为什么？3.科学管理与当今管理思想的关系。

4.关于“用人不疑，疑人不用”的问题。

其后是综合素质面试，因人而异。

资料来源：凯程教育网（本资料素材和资料部分来自网络，仅供参考。

请预览后才下载，期待您的好评与关注！）。

中国人民大学商学院博士生入学考试英语试题样题中国人民大学博士生（非英语专业）入学考试英语考试示例Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best completing the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1．When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _____ her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with2. Gentleness has been considered a _____ trait.A. boyishB. delicateC. feminineD. male3. We know that this is ture, but _____ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.A. all too oftenB. too oftenC. all too lateD. too late4. The retiring professor was _____ by his colleague.A. criticizedB. exaltedC. driven outD. examined5. He is honest. His actions are always _____ his words.A. contradictory toB. contradicted byC. agreed withD. consistent with6. Life is never just _____.A. livingB. beingC. existingD. going7. The lady _____ her skirt by sit on the seat while flying.A. disorderedB. disarrangedC. creasedD. crashed8. You must always be ready to sacrifice _____ to duty.A. inclinationB. tendencyC. interestD. career9. In many countries now, smoking is not _____ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious10.His pleasant ways _____ me into thinking that he was my good friend.A. deprivedB. despisedC. divertedD. beguiled11._____ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.A. LandB. DomesticC. ViciousD. Farm12. Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new ____and bans on certain chemicals.A. regulationsB. authoritiesC. ordersD. suggestions13.The ____ noise whistles kept me awake all night.A. incarnateB. incessantC. repetitiousD. rampant14. The baby seems content, he must have ____ his new nursemaid.A. taken toB. taken afterC. taken fromD. taken in15. He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities,and had no other _____.A. alternativeB. hopeC. resourceD. approach16. A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ____ as a poet.A. endowmentsB. interestC. weaknessesD. accomplishments17. All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _____.A. futileB. not importantC. effective in caseD. without reason18.I ____ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.A. conceitingB. humbleC. overweeningD. poor19. Lowbrows are quite _____ for highbrows to have their symphonics and their Russion novels.A. contentB. containedC. capacityD. yearn20. As the speed of change brings design ____ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to bemade more and more regularly.A. near toB. nearer toC. next toD. close to21.The dark clouds suggest a(n) _____ storm.A. impendingB. surprisingC. fastD. enexpected22. To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.A. addictedB. interestedC. amusedD. disturbed23.Being a foreigner, Carl did not _____ to the joke.A. appreciateB. catch on toC. laughD. like24. Talks on climate change resulted in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _____ globalwarming.A. focus onB. combatC. settle downD. sum up25. His parents _____ him to enlist when he was seventeen.A. permittedB. committedC. madeD. enabled26. _____ may think they are better than the facts would justify.A. OptimistsB. PessimistsC. CynicistsD. Humorists27. He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.A. duckedB. evadedC. escapedD. dodged28. By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _____ the damage you’re doing to yourself.A. point outB. pointC. pinpointD. get29. It did the _____ service of freeing us from the dilemma.A. immenseB. muchC. lot ofD. innumerous30. Sports, and not learning, seem to _____ in that school.A. appearB. occupyC. dominateD. lead31. The local people could hardly think of any good way to _____ poverty they had endured.A. shake offB. ward offC. put offD. take off32. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracleappears to depend on a seeming _____. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD.contradiction33. His meeting with Picasso was an important _____ in the artist’s life.A. lessonB. episodeC. sceneD. chapter34. Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore- based regional _____ of electronics firmslike Sanyo and Philips.A. executivesB. officialsC. governorsD. servants35. Unfortunately, the woman’s hat _____ my view of the stage.A. blocked upB. obstructedC. preventedD. interfered36. Meantime, road construction is _____ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.A. under wayB. in the wayC. of the wayD. by way37. Everyone knows that the firefly is a _____ insect.A. firingB. lightingC. luminiferousD. glowing38. Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _____ poverty.A. alleviatingB. activatingC. assaultingD. accustoming39. The fact that these regions are _____ in natural resources doesn’t mean local people are well off.A. adorableB. accessibleC. abundantD. ambient40. In spite of a problem with the ____ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.A. imperfectB. temporaryC. emergencyD. reinstalledPart II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a singel bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1There is extraordinary exposure in the United States ot the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle acidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer that 4 percent of all dirvers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest.At this lever there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicatd. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverage will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs of those repeatedly arrested for durnken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.41. The author is mainly concerned with _____.A.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities42. It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain______.A.required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapyB.make it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks43. The author imples that a BAC of 0.1 percent _____.A.is unreasonalby high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of drivingB.penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limitC.is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal collisionsD.proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time44. The author cites the British example in order to _____.A.demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce trafficdeathsC.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deterdrunk drivingD.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws45. The author’s tone of then end of the article can best be described as _____.A. ironicB. indifferentC. admonitoryD. indecisivePassage 2No one can be greater thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks of himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which whey are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiansm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect ot something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and on one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unble to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgement, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition: even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be ture, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact with seeminlgy conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.46. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find ____.A.acceptance of truthB.enthusiasmC.controversy over principlesD. a suspension of judgement47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?A.Most education people study both sides of a questionB.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one’s teachers48. As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word ‘suffer’ most nearly means _____.A. endureB. undergoC. permitD. support49. It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue isregarded by the author as ______.A. uniformedB. opinionatedC. ignorantD. rational50. Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likely to agree with?A. A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.C.In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possilbeD.Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.Passage 3Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generated half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will balze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Mid-career executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also , at least for a while, be bookeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked abusiness they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workded with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small –business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitabiliby. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product have evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.51.According to the passage, a country’s economy is probably decided by ______.A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies52. In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should _______.A.get very well prepared for his new busnissB.choose a business he’s already familiar withC.examine the company’s crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise53. Which of the following statement about small business is not ture?A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapsesC.There’s a good omen for small business according to a survey.54. What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.It’s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because theyhave used up their money.D.I t’s urgentfor small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalizetheir business.55. What’s the main idea of this passage?A.How to become a winner in small business.B.How to be a successful boss in multinational corporations.C.How to deal with ups and downs in small business.D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit.Passage 4The World Health Organization (WTO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the roganization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda . Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killer such as childhood diseases and tobacco.The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billion – around 10 p for each man, woman and child in the world – cannot solve all the wolrd’s health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organization’s focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability.Unfortuanately, the arguments for priority- setting is being seriouisly undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHO’s regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes.The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesn’t need budget cuts. Thanks to ther US’s failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover for cost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard.The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it shaprened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a shaprer foucs should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countires and gives the WHO’s senior management more time to postpone.The American action is not confiend to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadersip made the organization vulneralbe. It if wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn.America’s share of the budget is already a concession. Each nation’s contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measuere the US should be paying about 28 percent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for future cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organization’s much needed reforms.The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as jost one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regradless of wealth.56. How much of the WHO’s budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?A. A quarterB. 28%C. More than $ 20 milllionD. A fifth57. Which of the following can best characterize ther US?A.It has stopped demanding reforms.B.Its managemtnt is inefficient.C.It is trying to pay less to WHO.D.Its government is not responsive.58. What does the author mean when he interprets the urge for a sharper focus?A.The US will be justified in cutting its financial contribution.B.More heated argumenteds will be unavoidable between richer and poorer countries.C.There should be better service for poor countries but no cost-cutting.D.The poorer countries will not receive more benefits.59. What is the United State’s strategy to fight all those organizations according to the author?A.To defeat them all one by one.B.To defeat the WHO first and the others will give up.C.To exclusive cut contributions to the WHO.D.To cut contributions to all the organizations.60. Which of the following world organizations has the weakest leadership according to the passage?A.The International Labor OrganizationB.The Food and Agriculture Organization.C.The Wolrd Health OrganizationD.The World BankPassage 5The practice of capital punishement is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted exectutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and dabate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terribe crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effictive punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as human rights sissue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.61. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _____.A.death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB.people thought it was right for the government to conduct exectionsC.death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD.many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel62. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A.People began to criticize their government.B.The government was unjust in this period.C.People began to realize the value of life.D.Social critics were very active at that time.63. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _____.A.violate human rights regulationsB.is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC.is just the revenge for terrible crimesD.involves killing without mercy64. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_____.A.agree that it is a human rights issueB.agree that it can prevent crimesC.explain its statistical analyses differentlyD.think that they are asked different types of questions65. The author’s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ______.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage 6The sound of gunshots has become an all too familiar and unwelcome occurrence in many communities across the nation. When shots ring out, 911 calls from worried citizens may come from a large area. Unfortuately, even with numerous reports, police are ofter frustrated in their efforts to silence this gunfire because they cannot pinpoint the location of gunshots rapidly. A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientist recognized that sound waves traveling through the air away from a gunshot are basically similar to the sound waves traveling through the ground away from an earthquake. Scientist then have adapted their methods for quickly finding the exacty source of an earthquake to the problem of locating gunshots.Field testing of a gunshot-locating system inspired by earthquake technology began in 1995. After only a few weeks of testing and improving the software, the system was locating many signals that were clearly associated with gunfire. Automatic weapons fire was the easiest to identify because of the regular time interval between individual shots. The system was more sensive during the night, when there was less background noise from traffic and other urban activity. By the last spring , the system was undergoing final acceptance trials. Captian Jim Granucci of the Redwood City Police Department stated that “ even before the system was in use, the number of illegal gunshots declined as word of its existence speread. “。

人大商学院博士入学考试试题—企业管理
人大商学院博士研究生入学考试试题—企业管理（2002-2005）
专业：技术经济和管理
科目：企业管理
时间：2002年
1、从理论与实践结合上论述中国企业信息化建设（50分）
2、论入世后中国企业管理创新（50分）
时间：2003年
1、论述现代企业管理学派的形成和演变（40分）
2、论述企业核心能力及其理论基础（40分）
3、简述市场营销组合策略（10分）
4、简述企业人力资源管理的内涵（10分）
时间：2004年
1、试述知识管理的目标和主要内容（10分）
2、试析“平衡计分卡”原理（10分）
3、论述“以人为本”管理理论和实践（40分）
4、论述企业可持续成长战略（40分）
时间：2005年
1、试用国家竞争力理论分析我国企业跨国经营的条件和障碍（30分）
2、论民营企业的的再创业（30分）
3、论信息化和管理变革（40分）。

人大公管行政管理专业博士生导师资料介绍参考书解析专业课笔记一、人大公共管理学院行政管理专业博士部分参考书（育明教育权威推荐）120401行政管理《公共管理学》张成福，党秀云中国人民大学出版《公共行政学》张国庆北京大学出版社《公共政策导论》谢明中国人民大学出版社育明陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

建议大家可以在专业课老师的指导下来高效率、高质量完成这项工作，为整个备考的成功构建基础。

2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

（人大考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询李老师叩叩：七七贰，六七捌，伍叁七）。

人民大学城乡发展与规划专业考博真题2011年人民大学城乡发展与规划专业考博真题专业一：中国当代政治与经济1、试论中国特色的社会主义的政治文明2、论如何加快我国经济发展方式的转变3、怎样理解我国正处于发展的“战略机遇期”4、如何合理调节收入分配关系2010年人民大学城乡发展与规划专业考博真题专业一：中国当代政治与经济1、试论述我国特色的社会主义民主政治建设的成就与经验2、试论述我国经济发展方式的转变3、试述我国公共服务的均等化4、论如何加快我国城乡经济一体化的发展二、人大公共管理学院行政管理专业博士招生考试内容招生专业招生人数初试考试科目复试考试科目120401行政管理6-8人1、初试考试科目：①当代中国政治与经济；②公共行政；③外语；2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目：④经济学；⑤管理学；同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目：④经济学；⑤管理学；⑥政治理论；一：外语听力水平和口语水平测试（满分50分，其中听力测试20分，口语测试30分）二：专业课和综合素质面试（满分150分）育明考博陈老师解析：1、人大行政管理专业考博的报录比平均在6:12、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。