分句、合句法

分句法、合句法英汉两中语言在句法结构存在很大差异。

英语重形合，连接词较为发达，句子结构层层包孕，叠床架屋，句子在空间上呈大树型结构，长句较多；汉语重意合，句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词，积词成句，积句成章，流水句较多，呈线型排列，一句接一句，短句较多，句子结构呈竹竿型分布。

针对英汉句子结构的不同特征，在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯作响应的转换，以确保译文通顺流畅。

在进行英汉翻译时，有时我们可以把原文的整个句子结构保存下来或稍加些许改动即可。

但在多数情况下，需对原句子作较大的改动以符合目的语的表达习惯。

分句法和合句法就是改变句子结构的两种重要的方法。

所谓分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。

所谓合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个简单句来表达。

一、分句法（—）副词的分译1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.--中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合乎情理的。

2）Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. --杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。

They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.）他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.)她真愿意那时已在康定。

要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定三个小时了。

Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.史密斯先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，这是他的特点。

第四章翻译方法与技巧(句法)第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变；但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。

分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

一．分句法1、将原文中的一个单词译成句子1）They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

(将一个副词译为一个句子)2）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出的。

(将一个形容词译为一句子)2、将原文中一个短语译成句子1）Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。

(将一个分词短语译为句子)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。

这是一条普遍公认的规律。

(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3、将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。

(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1、将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and near the sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。

(将两个单句译为一个单句)2、将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。

Chapter 3 分句、合句、换序3.1分句译法（Division）▪ e.g. They seemed to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unremitting fatigue and by victories which almost exceeded belief.3.1.1 Definition:分句译法又称之为“拆句法”或者“断句译法”，就是把比较长的句子译成较短的句子。

3.1.2 拆开并列句▪ e.g. The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. (Earnest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)▪ e.g. It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.3.1.3 拆开名词从句▪ e.g. It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)▪ e.g. It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.3.1.4 拆开定语从句▪ e.g. Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow.( Earnest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)▪ e.g. There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism.3.1.5 拆开状语从句▪ e.g After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admirers backstage as he always does.▪ e.g. 这首歌并不曾继续多久，//就和笛声共同消失在黑暗里了。

Lesson 11 Division分句、合句法：很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。

所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。

所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。

I.分句法division切分（—）副词的分译Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire.杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。

（二）形容词的分译Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着的事实。

（三）动词的分译The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade.可以预料，目前对电的最大需要量在十年内可望增加一倍。

（四）短语的分译To be scientific, we must test the formulas and the conclusions by experiments.（不定式短语）要使之具有科学性，我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论。

（五）非人称主语句的分译The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy. 捷报传来，举国欢腾。

Poor acoustics spoilt the performance. 音响效果不好，演出大为逊色。

(六) 长句的分译There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.(拆开定语从句)我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。