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第四章翻译方法与技巧(句法)第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变；但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。
分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
一．分句法1、将原文中的一个单词译成句子1）They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
(将一个副词译为一个句子)2）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出的。
(将一个形容词译为一句子)2、将原文中一个短语译成句子1）Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
(将一个分词短语译为句子)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。
这是一条普遍公认的规律。
(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3、将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1、将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and near the sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。
(将两个单句译为一个单句)2、将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。
英语语句翻译方法英语语句翻译方法有哪些?翻译其实只要掌握了方法并不难，看看下面吧!一、正反、反正表达法i.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy ofour trust. (短语)例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。
译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达例1：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)例2：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heartdisease.(短语)例3：这类举动迟早会被人觉察的。
译文：Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) III.特殊的否认句式例1：有利必有弊。
译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否认)例2：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文：In that city, we had never suffereddiscrimination because we wereJews. (否认转移)二、分句、合句法I.分句法汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是构造复杂的复句。
这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。
海天名师丁雪明翻译方法与技巧(句法)讲义2010年06月08日海天考研第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变；但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。
分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
一．分句法1.将原文中的一个单词译成句子They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
(将一个副词译为一个句子)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出的。
(将一个形容词译为一句子)2．将原文中一个短语译成句子Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
(将一个分词短语译为句子)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。
这是一条普遍公认的规律。
(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3．将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1．将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small .business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and lately nearthe sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意(将两个单句译为一个单句)2．将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。
第四章分句、合句法教学目的：让学生了解如何运用分句、合句译法重点、难点：单词和复合句的分句、合句译法方法：讲解、提问、讨论教学步骤分句、合句法定义分句法---把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法---把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
分句法把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
副词The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achiev ements.译文：中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated. 译文：我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.译文：他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been the re three hours ago.译文：他真愿那时候已在家里。
要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。
Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle s olution.译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。
这是不合情理的事。
But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes we re made, so that at the end of the business day one teller wo uld be short on cash, the other long.译文：但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。
形容词Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of h i s policy of “self-reliance”. 译文：毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。
That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.译文：那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now t hat contempt was no longer cordial.译文：长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感，现在，除看不起他之外，亲切感也没有了。
He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 译文：他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。
名词A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell le aving a rifle.译文：我离开哪个担任掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹一样。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then n arrowed in indignation.译文：他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret t raining base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effective ly masking its activity…译文：作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。
但作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理想的。
它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动……The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its oc cupants.译文：每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
分词短语They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.译文：他们在群众佳丽感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。
She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a cornerof the little kitchen.译文：她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darknessand choking the shadows. 译文：阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。
He was lying on his side watching her.译文：他侧身躺着。
双目凝视着她。
But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it .译文：可是他们都变成沙漠里的牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上。
他们可也喜欢这种生活。
名词短语I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never t ouched before.译文：我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
The military is forbidden to “kill” the vessel, a relatively easy task.译文：（政府）禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
The station chief would have to be close to the director, a m ember of the inner circle.译文：这位站长就得接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally ac cepted law.译文：能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food.译文：这个医院伙食好，这点已远近闻名了。
前置词短语1）In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died inthe war, I came to Yanan.译文：1946年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
2）Their power increased with their number.译文：他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
3）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 译文：他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。
4) Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.译文：医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。
5) The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.译文：答案一直摆在那里，可（他）就是没有拿到手。
6) Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of i rritation in it, unusual to Rob. 译文：麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。
（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1）Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big ki tchen watching him eat. 译文：有时，克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。
2）She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 译文：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。
3）But another round of war in the region clearly would put s trains on international relations. 译文：但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
4）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 译文：因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
5) The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.译文：屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。
6) David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain.译文：大卫把门打开，亚瑟走出去，冒着雨。
7) He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowled ge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.译文：他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。
