材料科学基础英文课件3
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What will it happen with temperature Nanjing University of Technology
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Crystal
Glass
arranged in different patterns
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V & Q
T m
V & Q changes associated with heating and cooling in systems susceptible to glass formation.
: melting temperature
It shows linear relation
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melt
Cooling
down
=
TΔ
T
Nucleation
f(x,T) = exp(-x/T) function
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W(r
Metastable zone of undercooling: no stable nuclei form at these
T m shown above.
Kinetic Considerations
forth across the liquid/solid interface:
Time –Temperature –Transformation Curves (TTT)
Most favorable conditions for crystallization (and so least
Note: for smaller transformation volumes, t
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Structural Approach to Glass Formation Hence, local structure is disordered, but there
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form loose network. structures.
Pauling's packing rule: satisfies Zachariasen's
•
All Rules are Satisfied: SiO
Pauling's packing rule:•violates Zachariasen's rule #2.•
Rules are Not Satisfied: Na
modifying ions
Nonbridging Oxygens
glass forming ions Al O does not form a glass.
octahedral CN preferred in Al2O3 violates Zachariasen's rule #1.
aluminophosphate
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Glasses
Alkalis are structural modifiers:
Every alkali ion creates one
Every alkali oxide 'molecule'
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Effects of Alkaline earth oxides
Y↓, O
b ↓, O
nb
↑, structure “open”, ion easy to transfer,
TEC ↑, σ↑, η↓
•T
g (B
2
O
3
) ~260ºC (2D-network)
•T
g (SiO
2
) ~1200ºC (3D-network)
What happens when alkali oxide is added to a borate glass?
added Fewer network bridging。