增译与减译练习完整版

一、增词法
1. "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, " he said.
谁也不能指望他会采取克制或讲道理的的态度
2.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.
我干工作，我做家务，我有朋友来往，这些占用了我的全部时间
3.He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as
a collector's item.
他把国庆节那份报纸视为收藏的珍品
4.They lingered long over his letter.
他们反复看了他的来信
5.Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and worn.
史蒂芬面容憔悴，精疲力竭，从闷热的工厂走出，到了凄风苦雨的街上。

6.There had been an ease of international tension.
国际紧张局势过去有所缓解。

二、反正法
7.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success.
如果他没发脾气，这次谈判可能就成功了。

8. The two teams tied.两队不分胜负
9. His answer is beside the mark.他的回答文不对题。

补译原文省略的动词
Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice (['ævəris] n. 贪婪，贪财). 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱； 简约过度，即成贪婪。

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1.The war made a man of him. 战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。
adj. 水银的；水星的；墨丘利神的；雄辩机智的；活泼善变的 n. 汞剂；水银剂), with a melancholy（忧郁['melənkəli] ） streak（条纹，线条；倾向,）.

•
他是个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常、反复多变、有些郁郁 寡欢。
增加名词(在形容词前加名词)
•
3.This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这种新型计算机的确是价廉物美。

增加副词:
4.The
crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了 5.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个 没完。
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（一）动词后加名词把隐含的宾语翻译出来 1.Wash before meal. 饭前洗手 . 2.He never smokes or drinks. 他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。 3.Day after day he came to his work— sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
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1. 摩擦总是表现为一种阻碍运动的力。 2. 一份列举柴油机所有用途的清单可能要好几页。 3. 地质学是下列各种自然科学的综合科学：天文 学、生物学、化学、数学和物理学。
4. 每一个作用力都有一个大小相等，方向相反的 反作用力。 5. 图5中，A表示阻力，L表示距离，C表示作用 力。 6. 没有摩擦力，皮带就不能将动力从一台机器传 送到另一台。
3. A wire lengthens while it is heated. 金属丝受热则延长。(省译代词)
4. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 直到十九世纪中叶，鼓风炉才开始使用。(it 引 出强调句，汉译时省译)
3. The Post Office was helpful, and Marconi applied in June 1896 for the world’s first radio patent. 在英国邮局的帮助下，马可尼于1896年6月申 请了世界上第一项无线电专利。(并列句的合 译)
句子翻译练习
8.The resistance of the pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon the length of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the nature of the inside walls (rough or smooth). 水管对通过的水流的阻力取决于下列三个因素: 管长、管道直径、管道内壁的性状(粗糙或平 滑)。(汉语中补充概括总结性词语)
7. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。(汉译时系动词gets 及 becomes 均可省译)

增形容词增形容词在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的钱而不是送而不是送礼礼说话的口气说话的口气amanofof在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的男子汉
增词翻译练习
《大学英语通用翻译教程》
The sports meeting is scheduled for April 16th.(增动词) 运动会定于4月16日举行。 After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.（增动词) 在观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会 议要参加。 She is pale and fat. （增名词) 她面色苍白，身体肥胖。 He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.（增名词） 他满脸皱纹，皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏。

7. When he learned it was to borrow, not to give, that the man had come, his tone changed. 当他知道使者是来借钱而不是送礼，说话的口气 马上变了。 8. Several years’ service in the army will make a man of Fred.(增形容词) 在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的男子汉。 9. Time drops in decay, like a candle burnt out.（增副 词）时间一点一滴地逝去，犹如蜡烛慢慢燃尽

1．工人们都赞成降低生产成本。(for) 2．用超声波能把形状不规则的机件洗干净。 (by) 3．通常用字母l表示电流，用E表示电动势， 用R表示电阻。(三个for) 4．物理实验结束了。(over) 5．这个化学试验延误了l0分钟。(behind)

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法•英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换，有可能要在词量上加以增减。

•有的时候，为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。

•什么叫增译法？我们可以这样确定它的定义：为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格，并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须按意义上（修辞上）和句法上增加一些词语，这就叫做增译法。

•一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要•二、根据句法上的需要一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要•（一）增加动词•（二）增加形容词•（三）增加副词•（四）增加名词•（五）增加表示名词复数的词•（六）增加表达时态的词•（七）增加语气助词•（八）增加量词•（九）增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词•（十）增加概括词•（十一）增加承上启下的词（一）增加动词•根据意义的需要，可以在名词前后增加动词。

•如：In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on ……Practice•They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. •My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.（二）增加形容词•With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊!•O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊！Practice•With the meeting to begin in hours, I hadn’t have time to worry about such trifles.我没有闲功夫为这些琐事操心。

句子的翻译技巧第三章加、减译※加译:1、定义：加译，也称作增译，是指因表达习惯、语法原因、文化背景或原文使用省略手法等原因，如果按照字面意思翻译，会使译文不畅，为使译文通顺、易懂，而增加语言文字等的一种翻译技巧。

例:「わあ、立派なマンションですね。

そして、三種の神器もそろっていますね。

」「いいえ、それほどでもないです。

」参考译文：“哇，你家真漂亮，而且‘三大件’——电视机、冰箱和吸尘器都配齐了。

”“哪儿啊，没你说的那么好。

”分析：加译往往用于翻译原文语境下熟悉或特有的、译文语境下不熟悉或没有的事物。

日语中的指是“电视机、冰箱和吸尘器”，中国人数“三大件”时指的是“电视机、洗衣机和冰箱”，所以翻译时要加译。

2、加译练习◎加译人称代词（参见第1章第3节“代词的翻译”）◎加译指示代词（参见第1章第3节“增译指示代词”）◎加译动词例：ハイヒールの奥さんも可愛い洋装の女の子もおそらく心臓がどきんどきんするほど走っていたのだが。

参考译文：穿高跟鞋的夫人和穿西服的女孩都跑得心脏咚咚直跳。

例：それから十年。

私は母と一度もあわない。

参考译文：从那以后10年过去了，我再也没见母亲。

例：さらに個個の芸術がそのなかの不純な要素を追放し、それぞれ固有の表現領域を求めて努力した。

建築は絵画的、彫塑的要素を、絵画は建築的、彫塑的要素を、彫塑は建築的、絵画的要素をそれぞれ追放するという具合にである。

参考译文：进一步说，每一种艺术都要排除其中不纯因素，为追求其各自固有的表现领域而努力。

建筑排除了绘画、雕塑的因素，绘画排除了建筑、雕塑的因素，雕塑排除了建筑、绘画的因素。

例：算盤をはじいていた駅員は窓口の鉄格子越に僕の顔を見返した。

参考译文：正在打算盘的售票员抬起头来，隔着窗户的铁栅栏看了我一眼。

分析：售票员打算盘时低着头，他看“我”时要抬头的，这样在译文中增添了“抬起头来”是合情合理的，而且使译文更加具体生动。

◎加译数量词:日语中如果不是特指，一般不用“一”这一数词。

Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
根据语法需要，汉译英时常增译代词、介词、连接词等。
1）增加代词 作者在小说中表达出他对祖国的爱。 The writer expresses his love for his motherland in his novels. 2）增加介词 仓库重地，不准吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 3）增加连接词 实际上，并不是所有人都知道热胀冷缩的原因。 In fact, not all people knoபைடு நூலகம் the reason why matters expand when heated and contract when cooled.
汉译英中的语法减译的情况。 1）她会读个书写个字。 She can read and write.
Omission for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
（省略做宾语的名词）
2）她像照看自己的孩子一样照看那些孤儿。 She looked after the orphans as carefully as after her own children. （省略动词） 3）左侧右侧各有一门，一通饭厅，一通书房。 A door on the left leads to the dining room and one on the right to the study. （省略概括词） 4）中国过去不曾、现在没有、将来也不会对世界能源安全 构成威胁。 China did not, does not and will not pose any threat to the world‟s energy security. （省略表示时态的时间概念词）

英语句子翻译成汉语的技巧（第三节：增译法的练习题）第三节练习题一.将下列句子译成汉语，并根据句法需要适当增加原文中省略的词。

(1) But is it worth the risks? Maybe.(2) “Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.”(3) Some motions appear to be very simple; other very complicated.(4) It is more expensive than it was last time but not as good.(5) They argue that if they do not develop laser weapons, someone else will.(6) I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.(7) You had better give a performance if your friends ask you to.二、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据意义或修辞上的需要适当增加一些词语，以使译文更加忠实通顺。

(1)Being leaders, you have to overcome your pessimismand pluck up your courage to face the difficulties.(2) Not to educate a child is to condemn him torepetition of ignorance.(3) The development of Chinese industry remains oneof the priorities of the government.(4) Testing is a complicated problem and longexperience is required for its mastery.答案：1. 但是否值得冒此风险呢？也许是值得的。

思政例句1.人有脸，树有皮。

The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree.(增译连接词as important as，汉语意和与英语形和的转变)2.他们将涓滴之力汇聚成磅礴伟力，构筑起守护生命的铜墙铁壁。

They pooled their drops of strength into tremendous power and built an iron wall to safeguard lives.（减译）3.大力弘扬劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神。

We should make efforts to carry forward the spirit of model workers, labor and craftsmanship.（增译）4.脱贫攻坚的重大胜利，为实现第一个百年奋斗目标打下坚实基础，极大增强了人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感。

The great victory in poverty reduction has laid solid foundations for the fulfillment of the first centenary goal－to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021－and has boosted the people's feeling of gain, happiness and security. /enhance people's sense of fulfillment, happiness and security. （增译）5.崇尚英雄才会产生英雄。

When people respect and advocate heroes, more heroes will come to the fore.（增译）6.青年一代有理想、有本领、有担当，国家就有前途，民族就有希望。

英语翻译与写作实习作业学院：班级：姓名：学号：翻译练习一、翻译下列各句（注意理解原文）1.she is no fool.她很精明。

2.He is not incapable.他不是无能。

3.I can’t help thinking that he is still alive.我不禁想到还活着。

4.It is a long lane that has no turning.这是一个长巷口没有转弯处。

5.She never comes without bringing some candy for the children.她没有来过没有带来一些糖果给孩子们。

二、翻译下列各句（注意时态的变换）6.After the outbreak of the war, the whole country was armed in a few days.战争爆发后,全国武装起来了好几天。

7.At that meeting an agreement was very soon arrived at.本协议会议非常很快就到了。

8.I’m afraid I shall be laughed at.恐怕我要被人嘲笑。

9.My first twenty years were spent in a poverty-stricken countryside.我的头二十年之前一直在一个非常贫困的农村。

10.They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。

11.Rivers are controlled by dams.拦河坝把河流控制住了。

12.Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。

13.Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few of secondary大部分问题已经圆满地解决了,只有几次要的14.importance remain to be discussed.重要有待讨论。

• 3) A careful comparison of them will show you the difference. • 如果你仔细比较一下，就会发现不 同之处。 • 主语含有条件意味，所以翻译的时 候可以译成条件句。
• 4) Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. • 核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘，其 部分原因是因为人类器官无法觉察 到它的存在。
• 3) 我们花了很大力气才解决了那 些问题。 • It was with great effort that we solved those problems. • 4) 我们这样做都是为了你好。 • It was for your benefit that we did all that.
• 3 增加做宾语的代词或者形式宾语 it • 汉语里只要能看得懂，宾语是可以 省略的， • 英语及物动词都得有宾语，因此在 做英译的时候常常要加宾语。
• 5 为了清楚地表达原文的含蓄意义 或者象征意义而加词 • 词意除了基本意义和派生意义外， 还往往有一定程度的含蓄意义，直 译的话会使意义晦涩或文理不通， 需要根据上下文的内在联系，增添 适当的词语，以使译文流畅
• 1) They wanted a generation of Americans conditioned to loyalty and duty. • 他们想把一代美国人培养得忠于祖国
二、减词
• 1 汉语中有些词、词组或成分等经 常重复使用，以增强句子的气势。 英语中只需要翻译其中一个即可。
• 1) 青年人的觉悟程度如何，品质道德 如何，知识水平如何，直接关系着社 会主义建设的速度，关系着祖国的未 来。 • How the youth comes up in political consciousness, in moral qualities and in intellectual achievements has a direct bearing on the speed of socialist construction and the future of our motherland.

减译法练习4商务英语翻译笔译的常用技巧 3 增词，减词翻译法减词翻译法练习1.We are very pleased to receive your letter dated the 17th Aug., in which you propose to represent us in Beijing for the sale of our mini-cars, and have decided to appoint you as our agency. Please go over the enclosed draft agreement and let us have your comment by return. 我们很高兴在8月17日收到你们的来信,在信中你提出我们的代表在北京销售我们微型汽车,已决定委托贵公司作为我们的代理。

请附上协议草案,回复并告诉我们你们的答复。

2. In the eighth GATT round of multilateral negotiations - launched in Punta del Este in September 1986 and finalized on 1 5 December 1 993 -- for the first time, liberalization of trade in services was formally placed on the multilateral negotiating agenda.关贸总协定是在埃斯特角城进行的第八轮多边谈判中被提出——在1986年9月起草，并在1993年12月5日定案——第一次,服务贸易自由化正式放在多边谈判议程中。

3. Wednesday, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reported that the value of exports in 30 OECD countries during the first quarter fell 13. 4% from the previous quarter, and imports declined 15. 2%.星期三,经济合作暨发展组织(OECD)报道,30个经合组织(OECD)国家的出口价值今年第一季度与前一个季度相比下降13.4%，进口下降15.2%。

Translation Exercises：(增词法)1。

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses。

核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘，其部分原因是人类器官无法觉察到它的存在。

2. Some motions appear to be very simple； others very complicated。

有些运动看起来很简单，有些运动看起来则很复杂。

3. Which do you like better: grammar or translation exercises？你喜欢语法练习，还是翻译练习？4。

They include silks and colored thread.它们包括各种丝绸和彩线。

5。

In spite of difficulties, he succeeded in finishing his task。

尽管困难重重,他成功地完成了任务.6。

The middle-aged teacher carried on teaching work in spite of the diseases。

尽管那位中年教师身患种种疾病，他仍坚持进行教学工作。

7. In America, motorcar factories were closing down in early 1961。

1961年初，美国的汽车工厂纷纷倒闭。

8。

Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning。

他每天来干活——-扫地，擦地板，收拾房间.9。

I could knit when I was seven。

我七岁时就会织毛衣。

10。

Her bravery surprised all。

翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法（范文）第一篇：翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法（范文）Unit 3 增词、减词法一、增词1、没有调查就没有发言权。

2、交出翻译前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。

3、在背后说我们好话的人才是一个真正的朋友。

4、耳朵是听力器官，鼻子用来闻气味，舌头用来尝滋味。

5、宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力。

6、第二天，太阳一升起他就醒了。

7、孩子们想住在城里，我自己宁愿住在乡村。

8、不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？9、我告诉他该走了，他匆匆忙忙地走了。

10、人不犯我，我不犯人。

11、天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。

12、礼拜天图书馆不开门。

13、咱们校门口见吧。

Let’s meet at the school gate.14、我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。

We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.15、谁都知道中东战场很艰苦。

Every one knows that life on the Middle East battlefield is rather hard.16、“小李，什么时候请吃糖啊？”王奶奶笑着问道。

““还没定呢。

”她脸一红。

“Xiao Li,” Granny Wang smiled, “When can I eat your wedding candy?” “That depends.” She blushed.17、近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。

Recent research discoveries indicate that flu canbe spread by hand contacts.18、计划生育，利国利民。

Family planning pays off.19、最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。

In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.20、要提倡顾全大局。

商务英语翻译练习一1.本公司本着平等互利、互通有无的原则，积极开展与世界各国的新老客户的业务往来，并竭诚为各位朋友提供优质服务。

2.市场疲软，股票价格看跌，这种股市称为熊市。

3.展览会的目的在于聚集和展示国内外高技术的最新成果，搭建世界级高新技术产业合作与交易平台。

4.虽然这家合资企业发展的很快，但要实现他栖身与“财富”全球500强的目标依然任重而道远。

5.The business scope of our corporation also covers customer-orientedprocessing with supplied materials and samples, compensation trade, co-operation in manufacturing and the partnering of joint ventures with external businesses.6.“Tianshan”brand cashmere sweaters, characterized by their brightcolors, soft feel and light weight, are warm and comfortable to wear.Thanks to their fine quality, excellent workmanship, novel designs and styles and complete range of sizes, they have gained popularity with customers abroad.7.Established in 1982,Guangzhou Clothing Factory specializes in themanufacturing of clothes with both domestic and export sales ranking first in Guangdong. Thanks to the unique design its Xinxing brand jackets are sold in more than 30 countries and regions in the world,enjoying increasing popularity among end-users both at home and abroad.8.At Tian Hsiang Restaurant, we have engaged six celebrated chefs fromHong Kong, preparing Chinese cuisines of all kinds, including Cantonese delicacies, Hong Kong style Tim Sum or specially priced set meals--- all looking attractive, smelling inviting and tasting delicious. Regardless of your preference, you can always find something to your liking here.。

6）This too was a complicate lie. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。
7). Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。
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8). Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary. 万变不离其宗。 从例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译 成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。 又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.
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3.3 Amplification (增译法)
By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original.
8). 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。
It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together
again.
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增译与减译练习试译下列句子，注意为弥合词义差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．The retreat commenced in all haste.2．Her grace was a delight.3．There was a wide emptiness over the street.4．His arrogance made everyone dislike him.5. 听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了酸醋。

6. 他一边放声大笑，一边不住地拿眼瞅着她。

7. 她悄悄地来到她妹妹的房间里，将门拉上。

（二）减词1．They had to stay there until the person they were addressed to happened to come by and stop at the inn.2. This explains why farmers in very windy regions try to protect their soil by planting rows of trees to break the force of the wind.3．但是，我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。

4．姑娘有点不好意思了，脸上泛着红潮。

5．本书所谈的是美国人民与土地合作的经过，以及合作过程中所产生的一些变迁。

试译下列句子，注意为弥合修辞差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．Outside stood a little girl, dripping wet and shivering.2．If future predictions of a shortage of quality workers come true, it will become even more important to make employees feel part of the team.3．她不喜欢他这样打扮，老里老气的，不像个青年人。