总时态讲解及练习
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时态专题讲解构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。
时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。
动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。
将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在一般现在时do 现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去一般过去时did 过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来一般将来时will do 将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have beendoing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。
英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。
要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
一般现在时用法:A) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。
)B) 客观事实和普遍真理。
尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致He said lights goes faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播的快。
C) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
小学六年级上册英语时态精讲练习一、引言在英语学习中,时态是表达动作发生时间的重要语法知识。
小学六年级上册英语时态精讲练习主要帮助学生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时三种基本时态的用法。
通过本讲义的学习与练习,学生将能够正确运用这三种时态描述动作或状态。
二、一般现在时一般现在时用来描述经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2.1 构成一般现在时由动词原形或动词的三单形式构成。
2.2 句型结构主语 + 动词原形/动词三单 + 其它.2.3 练习1. I (eat)_____ breakfast every morning.2. She (go)_____ to school by bus.3. The cat (sleep)_____ on the sofa.三、一般过去时一般过去时用来描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
3.1 构成一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。
3.2 句型结构主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它.3.3 练习1. I (watch)_____ a movie yesterday.2. She (visit)_____ her grandparents last week.3. They (play)_____ soccer in the park.四、一般将来时一般将来时用来描述将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
4.1 构成一般将来时有两种构成方式:will + 动词原形和 be going to + 动词原形。
4.2 句型结构1. 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其它.2. 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其它.4.3 练习1. I (buy)_____ a new bike next month.2. She (travel)_____ to Japan with her family.3. They (move)_____ to a new house in two years.五、总结通过本讲义的学习与练习,学生应掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时三种基本时态的构成、句型结构和用法。
英语时态总复习一、一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:I get up at six everyday.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。
如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
句子中常有never, sometimes, often, usually, always, every..., on Sundays, in the evenings等词或短语。
一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:We study English.我们学习英语。
一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+be+not+其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am./No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。
如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。
如:-Do you often play football? -Yes, I do./No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:-Does she go to work by bike? -Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
动词法:时态综述时态和语态是高考的必考题,也是高中语法的重点。
由于中文不存在对应的时态概念,因此中国学生常常在学习时态的时候,总是无法很好的理解英语的思维方式。
因此,在解答时态题目的时候,必须适当的使用排除法,以增加做题的正确率。
(时态也是唯一只能用排除法来应对的题目类型)从近年来的出题规律看,单独考时态的题目并不多,这大大降低了时态类题目的难度,使得考生更容易判断出正确的选项。
什么是时态在平时的学习中,我们总是把时态和在一起来学习,这极大地增加了理解的难度,事实上,时态是由两个部分构成的。
1,四种时间概念。
a)现在时b)过去时c)将来时d)过去将来时I didn't know if he would come.She was sixty-six. In three years, she would be sixty-nine.2,四种状态概念。
a)一般态:既非进行也非完成;文学名著与客观事实。
b)进行态:表示动作的持续性发生。
c)完成态:在截止时间发生的时候,已经完成了的事情,对截止时间时发生的事情产生影响。
d)完成进行态:表示从过去到截止时间发生时,持续不断进行并将继续进行的状态。
解题策略●用时间排除错误选项。
【2011全国卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain分析:从题目上看,要填入选项的地方位于宾语从句之后,由于主句的时间是过去时,因此从句的时间只能是“过去时”,故而可以排除B和D两个表示“现在”时间的选项。
句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时,她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。
”用以下第二步的判断方式可知,本题有明确截止动作“came to”,意思是苏醒,故使用完成态。
【答案A】【2011北京卷,27】—That must have been a long trip.—Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.A. takesB. has takenC. tookD. was taking【答案】C【解析】句意为“那一定是长途旅行。
一.时态(.修改)英语中共有16种时态,我们并不一一赘述。
这里我们只讲容易用错的、也是经常出现在试卷上的时态方面的问题。
只要同学们掌握了我们所讲的知识就能会做题,做对题。
Ⅰ.“现在时”中应注意的几个问题1. 如果说的是将来的事,主句用将来时,状语从句用现在时。
状语从句常由以下连词引导:if, in case, when, as, as soon as before, until, unless, who(what/ when/ where…)ever, no matter who(wha t/ when/ where…), etc.①If he comes, I’ll give it to him.②I’ll stay here until he promises to do as I ask.③You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.④I’ll begin the dictation when you are ready.⑤No matter where you go, you’ll find Coca-Cola.|⑥No matter how much it costs, I’ll buy it.(第1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.题)*几个特殊的副词、名词短语也可引导状语从句,所用时态同上。
the moment immediatelythe minute = as soon as instantly = as soon asthe instant directlyevery time = whenever/ no matter when the next time = next time wheneach time①The children are to do their homework the moment they arrive back from school.—②The machine starts the minute the button is pressed.③Tell me immediately you have any news.④Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.(第7. 8.题)1)如果强调从句动作在先,主句动作在后时,从句可用完成时。
谓语动词的时态和语态⽤法总结与讲解附练习谓语动词的时态和语态总结⼀、学习⽬标1. 掌握谓语动词的时态语态的基本结构和基本⽤法2. 了解并掌握谓语动词的时态语态在⾼考题中的考查形式:单句语法填空,单句改错,单句写作⼆、学习重点、难点重点:各种时态语态的基本⽤法和特别⽤法;动词时态的主要考点难点:各种时态语态的特别⽤法.三、学法指导⾃主学习;思考总结;讨论交流;合作探究⾃主练习:语法填空:1.【2019·全国卷III卷·】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and______ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.2【北京I卷·】Hurry up! Mark and Carol_____________ (expect) us.3【2019·全国卷I卷·】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut_______________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.4【2018·全国卷I卷·】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it _____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking.5【2017·天津卷·】I__________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.6.【2019·新课标I卷】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.7.【2019·新课标II卷·】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene ___ ___(declare) she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business.8.【2019·新课标III卷·】On the last day of our week-long stay,we______________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.9.【2018·新课标卷II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,thecountry______(grow)more corn than rice.10.【2018·新课标卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government___________(start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.改错题:1.【2019·新课标II卷·短⽂改错】One was that…,And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.2.【2019·新课标III卷·短⽂改错】Now my dream is to open a café.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.3.【2018·新课标卷I·短⽂改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.4.【2018·新课标卷II·短⽂改错】I did’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.5.【2018·新课标卷III·短⽂改错】It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.6.【2017·新课标卷III·短⽂改错】I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years.思考总结:动词的时态和语态概述:1.含义:动词的时态和语态是英语___________的形式,表⽰动作发⽣的时间和所处的状态.2. 学习思路:1).时态和语态重在理解,注意语境;2).要建⽴时,体,语态概念;时---现在时,过去时,将来时,过去将来时(事情发⽣在什么时候,注意主从句)体---⼀般体,进⾏体,完成体,完成进⾏体(动作处于什么状态;经常/进⾏/完成等)语态---主动,被动(主语和动词的关系,主谓or动宾)3.动词的时态和语态解题技巧:1)时间标志词法——不同的时态有与其搭配的时间词汇和短语,这些时间标志词或短语会提⽰应使⽤何种语态.2)语境推断法----有时句中⽆时间标志词或短语,这时需要联系主句或分句中的谓语并结合句意综合判断,推测出使⽤何种时态.3)固定句型提⽰法----在⼀些句型中,使⽤何种时态往往有其规律,判断句型有助于解答时态题,但注意理解句意仍是前提.①It/This is the +序数词+time+that从句(现在完成时)It/This was the +序数词+time+that从句(过去完成时)②It is/ has been+⼀段时间+since从句(⼀般过去时)It was/ had been+⼀段时间+since从句(过去完成时)③Was/were about to do…when从句(⼀般过去时)④Was/were doing…when从句(⼀般过去时)⑤It will be+⼀段时间+before从句(⼀般现在时)It was+⼀段时间+before从句(⼀般过去时)⑥Hardly had…done…when从句(⼀般过去时)No sooner had…done…than从句(⼀般过去时)⑦祈使句+and/or+陈述句(常⽤⼀般将来时)⑧while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词为延续性动词,时态多为现在进⾏时或过去进⾏时动词的时态和语态详解:⼀、动词的时态:1.⼀般现在时谓语动词的结构:______________________1)表⽰现状、性质、状态和经常性的或习惯性的动作。
初中英语语法:八种时态详解与练习一.概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
二.种类:(基本时态)一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般现在时一、概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
二、常搭配的时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week,on Sundays, etc.三、基本结构①be动词(is,am,are);②行为动词(主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外) 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
例句:I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
四、基本用法:1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。
一、一般过去时的结构1一般过去时的基本用法一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发的动作。
常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如y esterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
【举例】I got up at 6:30 yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。
My father was very busy last week.我父亲上周很忙。
2.一般过去时的基本结构⑴肯定句“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。
【举例】I played tennis last weekend.我上周末打网球了。
My school trip was great.我的学校郊游棒极了。
⑵否定句“主语+didnt+动词原形+其他”或“主语+wasn’t/were n’t+其他”。
【举例】The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon.这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。
Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday.上星期五老亨利不高兴。
⑶一般疑问句“Did+主语+动词原形+其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语+did”,否定回答为“No,主语+didn’t”或者“Was/Were+主语+其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were”,否定回答为“No,主语+wasn’t/were n’t”。
【举例】— Did you go to the beach?你们去海滩了吗?—Yes, we did./No, we did n’t.是的,我们去了。
/不,我们没有。
—Was your weekend OK?你的周末过得还行吧?— Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.是的,还行。
/不,不行。
⑷特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(顺序)?【举例】—What did Li Lei do last weekend?李雷上周末干什么了?—He visited his grandparents.他去看了他的祖父母。
一般现在时:陈述句:My father is at work.否定句:My father isn’t at work.一般疑问句:Is your father at work?Yes,he is./No, he isn’t.特殊疑问句:Who is at work?陈述句:The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in themorning.否定句:The plane doesn’t take off at eleven o’clock in themorning.一般疑问句:Does the plane take off at eleve n o’clock inthe morning?Yes,it does./No,it d oesn’t.特殊疑问句:When does the plane take off?巧学秒记:用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。
主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-es添。
基本用法要记清,状语习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
一般现在时复习巩固练习:选择:1.I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play2.The plane ______ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has leftB. would leaveC. will have leftD. leaves用所给词的适当形式填空:1.Jim usuall________(go) to school by bus.2.We won’t come back until we ________(finishi) the work.3.I will go with you if I ______(have) time tomorrow.4._______ he often _______ (play) football with you?5.They ____________ (not get ) home at six every day.6.The sun ________(rise)in the east.句型转换:1.Tony does morning exercises every day.(改为一般疑问句)_______ Tony ______ morning exercises every day?2.Uncle Wang likes making things.(改为否定句)Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.3.The students don’t have much time to play with their friends,______ ______?4.My brother has lunch at school every day.(划线提问)______ _______ my brother _______ lunch every day?一般过去时:1.be 的过去式定义:表示过去存在的状态。
初中八时态时态复习一.一般现在时态经常发生的或习惯性的动作,主语具备的性格和能力结构:1.主(三单)+v-s/es+其他。
2. 非三单+v.+其他,否定句:主(三单)+doesn’t+v.+其他。
非三单+don’t+v.+其他。
疑问句:Does+主(三单)+v.+其他。
Do+非三单+v,+其他。
2,与之搭配的时间状语有:often ,usually,always,every day (与every连用的词组) on weekdays 等3,一般现在时的谓语动词有三种情况:(1)谓语动词be,I后面用am,第三人称后面用is,其余的后面都用are. (2)谓语是实意动词,即:当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词后面要加上s或es,其余的用原形。
(3)谓语是情态动词must,may, need ,have to, can等加动词原形。
4)动词第三人称单数的构成,a,)以s ,x ,sh,ch,o结尾的动词后加es.如,guss,fix ,teach,wash,go,do,等后面加es.b)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词改y为i再加es,如,fly,carry,study等c)注意发音:清清(/s/)浊浊/z/,ts发/ts/ds/dz/,es结尾的发/is/,原音和o后面的s 发/z/./ p / / t / / k / / f / / s / / / / / / / / / / // b/ / d / / g / /v / z / / / / / / / / / / / /练习(一).请用be动词的适当形式填空1.I___ ___a girl .My name__ ____Li Wei.2.Kate’s father______a worker.3.What ____ its name?4,What _____these? 5.How old _____you?6.____you good at soccer?7.____your brother in the classroom?8.Mike and Liu Tao ______at shool.(二),选择填空1,Joe_____an apple every day . A,does B do C eat D eats2,My mother often ____basketball game on Tv.A watchB seeC watchesD watchs3 .We ____a walk in the park on weekends.A haveB hasC takesD are.4.My brother _____his homework after shool every day.A doB doesC didD dos5. I ___eating ice cream . A likes B like C am D am like(三)翻译下列句子.1.我们现在踢足球吧, (let) ————————————————2.你喜欢吃鸡肉吗?(like)3,请把这些书拿到教室里去。
(take)4.这个女孩每天喝牛奶。
(drink)5你能帮我照看孩子吗?(can)6.刘翔是我最喜欢的跑步运动员。
(favorite)二.一般过去时。
结构:主语+v.ed+其他。
否定句:主语+didn’t+动原+其他。
疑问句:Did+主语+动原+其他。
2,一般过去时主要表示一个过去发生的动作或存在的状态,与之连用的时间状语有a week ago(即….ago形式),yesterday,just now ,then ,the day before yesterday,in 1995,last year(last….).in those days等2,一般过去时的谓语动词是动词的过去式,它的构成有规则与不规则两种变化。
(1)规则动词过去式的构成:a,)一般在动词后加ed,want-wanted; b) 以e结尾的动词加d 如,hope-hoped ,like-liked .c)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词先双写这个辅音再加如ed,如stop-stopped ; d)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先改y为i再加ed.如study—studied.cry-cried.(2)不规则变化动词的过去式参照不规则表,请写出下列不规则动词的过去式am/is-- are--- come-- begin---buy--- grow- go-- make- -give—run- tell-- put--stand-- take-- do - eat--练习用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
There____(be)some bread on the table a few minutes ago.My uncle _____(go)to Beijing two days ago.I____ ____(buy) three books in the bookstore yesterday.The film ________(not begin) at night.Tom and John_____(be) here just now.My mother ________(make) me clean my bedroom last Sunday.Lily _______(give) me a nice pen on my last birthday.I ______(eat) lunch late yesterday.Tom _____(be) born in 1998.Mary______(tell) us a funny story the day before yesterday.系动词be的用法。
Be动词有三种形式(一般现在时am,is are),(一搬过去时was ,were)作判断动词“是”。
如I am a student. He is a teacher. You are boys.与形容词连用:My mother is young. The girls are very smart.用在进行时态中:be+doing 如we are studying English now.用在被动语态中:be+p.p(过去分词) The books are taken to the classroom.改错1. I am like to swim.2. They are read books in the room.3.It raining now.4.The girl beautiful.三.现在进行时态一)结构:主语+be+v.ing+其他。
否定句:主语+be+not+v.ing+其他。
疑问句:Be+主语+v.ing+其他。
二)时间状语:now. right now. at this moment. at present. Look. listen.Eg. Look!Tom is playing basketball.三)v-ing的构成:1.直接在动词后加ing. Study-studying2.以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加e-coming.take-taking3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词双写辅音字母再加ing.eg.stop-stopping. Sit-sitting. put-putting. hit-hitting用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_________you__________(do)?2.I_____________(sing) an English song.3.What________he____________(mend)?4.He______________(mend) a car.5.______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.6.______she___________(sit) in the boat?7.Look!______he_____________(ask) questions?8.We_______________(play) games now.9.Listen!the girl__________(sing) in the room.10.I _____________(come) right now.四.过去进行时概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作。
基本结构:主语+was/were +doing + 其它+ 时状。
否定句:主语+was/were not +doing + 其它。
一般疑问句:was/were + 主语+doing + 其它?回答:Yes, 主语was/were ;No, 主语was/were not.(一):动词加ing变化规则:参考现在分词变化。
(二):时间状语:过去进行时常用时间状语this morning,the whole morning,all dayyesterday,last eveing,while,when等。
与一般过去时时间状语相同,但更具体,更精确。
Eg:Iwas watching TV when when he came to me.1.What you (do) at 9:00 yesterday evening.I (make) a kite.五,一般将来时表示在将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(一)(二)、基本结构:主语+ will + 动原+ 其它+ 时状。
/主语+ be going to + 动原+ 其它+ 时状eg : I will go to Beijing tomorrow. She is going to fly a kite this Sunday. (三)、时间状语有:1, tomorrow类。
2, next + 时间类。
3, …… later类。
eg; three days later. 4, in/on + 将来时间。
Eg ; in 2008. on May 1st 2006. 5,soon, right away.练习:1.I _____ ___ ( drink )some milk tomorrow .2.The students ______ _____(climb ) the hill two weeks later .3.We Chinese _______ __________ ( hold ) the Olympic Games in 2008. 4.Ann ______ _ _____ __( give ) a talk about English names next month .5. Lucy __ _ ___ ____ __ ( play ) basketball tomorrow morning.6. My parents ____ _ __ ___( fly ) to Shanghai the day after tomorrow.7. Jack _____ ___ _____ __ ( be ) eight years old two years later.8. They ____ _ __ ( sing ) an English song on the evening party of May 4th this year.六,过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态,过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。