【精准解析】北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期开学分班考试英语试卷

北京市部分学校2021-2022学年高一上学期期中英语解析版试卷汇编语法填空专题北京市人民大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In the 18th and 19th centuries, most English people____11____ (eat) only two main meals each day. As a result, they often got very hungry during the long break. A Duchess came up with a clever idea to solve this problem. She invited some of her friends to join her for an afternoon meal. It included cakes and sandwiches, and tea was served to wash down the food. ____12____ (make) the afternoon meal more important, she used tea sets made from fine china and silver. Afternoon tea parties soon became popular social occasions, ____13____ is a trend that continues today.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

On the school basketball team Paul used to be nobody but a replacement____14____ skills were not recognized by the coach.Then during one match, when one player accidentally hurt his knee, Paul____15____ (put) onto the court. Paul knew it was his time____16____ (shine). He gave it his best shot and the other team couldn’t even keep up with him. Finally, Paul helped the team win thematch____17____ two points. The crowd couldn’t stop clapping and cheering.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。

首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一郊区分校分班考试试题英语首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一郊区分校分班考试试题英语2020.8一、阅读理解（共32小题，每小题2分，共64分）AIn the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools,wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another.The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.“Let’s go!We can make it back to the river we crossed today!”Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind.But Brady barked a sharp warning.Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track.They would never make it through that.The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke,and yet Steve was uneasy.It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.Suddenly,Zach cried.“Zach!”Steve shouted.“Are you OK?Where are you?”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡).At its base,Zach was rubbing his ankle.As Steve helped his friend to his feet,Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅)the smoke-laden wind.Next moment,the dog bounded away and disappeared.The boys shouted for him,but he didn’t come back.Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking.He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.Steve and Zac h hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark,and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steveand hit him with his head,pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed.But Steve didn’t get it.Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and star ted pulling.The message was clear,but Steve hesitated.Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger.Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?Nearby,a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke.Brady pulled again,urge ntly.“OK,big guy,”Steve gritted(咬紧牙关).Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees.Not far from them fire was touching underbrush.Several times the big dog stopped.Often he changed directions.Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest,but Brad y wouldn’t have it.The dog bullied both boys to go on.How long they’d walked Steve had no idea.He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!1.What happened to Steve and Zach at first?A.They got injured.B.They lost their dog.C.They were trapped.D.They became separated.2.Brady ran away to______.A.seek helpB.find a way outC.rescue ZachD.escape for life3.How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.4.The passage basically describes________.A.an adventureB.an explorationC.an escape gameD.a training programBMost groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator.In the ocean,that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者).But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.Why?John Grady,an ecologist,and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢).Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher,colder places,there isn’t actually much more food around.It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.The real explanation is simple.An animal’s speed,swiftness,and intelligence depend on its metabolism,which in turn depends on its temperature.Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions,they remain fast and attentive.By contrast,the fish they hunt become slower and duller.At some tipping point of temperature,seals,dolphins,and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物).They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.In Grady’s words,“Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow,stupid and cold.”That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator,but colder watersare the kingdom of whales and seals.By keeping food to themselves in the poles,these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey,which makes them more likely to split into separate species.The killer whales of the North Pacific,for example,include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating,year-round residents.But the world is changing.It’s likely that the surface o f the oceans will warm by2to3℃within this century.Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by12%,and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.But“predictions are hard,”Donna Hau ser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes.“Polar bears are losers of a warming world,but some populations are still doing well.Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations;others are hunting in deeper,colder waters.These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow,stupid and cold.”5.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?A.Because there is more food.B.Because there are fewer enemies.C.Because they are faster and wiser.D.Because they consume less energy.6.The author mentions the killer whales to show______.A.the benefit of biological evolutionB.food preference of different sea mammalsC.the distinction of specific types of predatorsD.the advantage of constant body temperature7.What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Sceptical.8.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?B.How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?C.Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?D.Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?CLast fall,I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course.The demands of his major,he said seriously,meant he needed to take“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”would simply have to wait.For now, employability was the most important.The students’conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education.In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation,sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction.Actually,I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course.I would have started by reminding him that,for much of America’s history,college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy,literature, political theory and history.The key role of higher education was to invite students into theconversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice.Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market.It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills,but they also look for other capabilities.As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence,machine learning and automation,the unique human qualities of creativity,imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm.All these skills are developed in humanities courses.Further,I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs,it is not the only route.Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn,Slack and Flickr,who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities,and who credit that training for their success.Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction.The ratio between average median(中位数)incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering,and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived.A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life.It fosters criticalthinking,self-reflection,empathy and tolerance,the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.By all means,students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests,but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance,or researching into modern poetry,or even taking introductory philosophy,we will all benefit.9.What do the students’conversation show?A.Students feel employment difficult.B.Students think philosophy less important.C.Students find scientific innovation amazing.D.Students consider university courses unsatisfying.10.What does the underlined part in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Highly valued.B.Equally applied.C.Strictly assessed.D.Greatly improved.11.The author may agree that humanities_____.A.discover students’artistic abilityB.prepare students for graduationC.raise awareness of social statusD.provide great insights into life12.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A BC DI:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionDFlying HighBarrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization.His message for kids:“The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination,hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.”The secret,he believes,is having a dream in the first place,and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of15in his parents’bookstore.One customer,a professional pilot,asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot.“I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough;but the next day he took me to the cockpit(驾驶舱)of the commercial airplane he flew,and just like that I was hooked.”To follow his dream,Irving turned down a football scholarshipto the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a$40flight simulator(模拟)video game.Then another dream took hold:flying alone around the world.He faced more than50rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components.He took off with no weather radar,no de-icing system, and just$30in his pocket.“I like to do things people say I can’t do.”After97days,26stops and dozens of thunderstorms,he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami.“It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.”Irving has been doing it ever since.He set up his non-profit-making organization,Experience Aviation(航空),aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers.Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,”he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides.After landing his record-breaking flight at age23,he said,“Everyone told me I was too young,that I didn’t have enough experience,strength,or knowledge.They told me it would take forever and I’d never come home.Well...guess what?”13.According to Irving,what is the most important in achieving success?A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help.B.Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish.D.Developing communication with different organizations.14.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that______.A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offerB.he was doubtful about his own abilitiesC.he knew his efforts would be rewardedD.he realized immediately how lucky he was15.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph3?A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.B.He was finally given enough money to keep going.C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.D.He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.16.Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because______.A.he hoped to become a public figureB.he expected to start a business in other fieldsC.he saw there was great interest in what he was doingD.he thought he could teach more than flight schools couldETraining the BrainPeople who can accomplish unbelievable tasks,such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour,state that they just have normal brains.Some memory superstars compete in Olympic-like World Memory Championships.These mental athletes,or MAs for short, can memorize names of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed them.Ed Cooke, a24-year-old MA,explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art of memory training.These techniques existed not to recall useless information,but to cut into the brain basic text and ideas.A study in the journal Nature examined eight people whofinished near the top of the World Memory Championships.The scientists examined whether their brains were fundamentally different from everyone else’s or whether they were simply making better use of memorizing abilities we all possess.They put the MAs and control subjects into brain scanners and had them memorize numbers and photographs.The result surprised everyone.The brains of the MAs and those of the control subjects were indistinguishable.On every test,the MAs scored in the normal range.However,when the scientists examined what part of the brain was used during a memory activity,they found the MAs relied more heavily on areas in the brain involved in spatial memory.MAs offer an explanation:anything can be fixed upon our memories and kept in order by constructing a building in the imagination and filling it with pictures of what needs to be recalled. Dating back to the fifth century,the building is called a memory palace.Even as late as the fourteenth century,when there were copies of any text,scholars needed to remember what was read to them.Reading to remember requires a different technique than speed reading.If something is made memorable,it has to be repeated.Until relatively recently,people read only a few books intensively(细致地)again and again,usually aloud.Today we read extensively,usually only once and without continuous focus.So the great difference is the ability to create impressive pictures in mind and to do it quickly. Using memory palaces,MAs create memorized pictures.For example,recombine the pictures to form unforgettable scenes such as the ways through a town.One competitor used his own body parts to help him memorize a57,000-word dictionary.Anyone who wishes to train the mind needs first to createfantastical palaces in the imagination.Then they should cut each building into cubbyholes for memories.In a short amount of time,they will notice improvement with remembering things.To keep the skill sharp,MAs deliberately empty their palaces after competitions,so they can reuse them and they recommend that beginners do the same.17.We can learn from Paragraph2that a mental athlete______.A.owns a brain that is larger in sizeB.shows a gift in mental ability testses the memorizing technique betterD.depends less on the areas that control spatial memory18.Why does the author mention“speed reading”in Paragraph3?A.To discuss the memorizing technique in the fifth century.B.To give the reason why people read only a few books carefully.C.To explain the text fourteenth century scholars had to remember.D.To compare the type of reading nowadays with that of earlier times.19.What can be inferred from Paragraph4?A.There is a variety of unforgettable scenes.B.Memory palaces can be quickly forgotten.C.Impressive pictures are in actual buildings.D.One person probably has57,000body parts.20.What does the underlined word“cubbyholes”in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Small spaces.B.Blacks holes.C.Technical skills.D.Different numbers.FEarly or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive“attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and lead to psychological problems in later life.Some peopl e have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes,and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby,a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents.If they are left without touch for a while,they will have a higher stress level.Parents’influence on their children’s well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life,when a child’s br ain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.However,there are critics.Some anthropologists(人类学家)point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone.Plato,around394B.C.,argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society.Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are moreevenly distributed among a broader group of people.Besides,studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development.They learn the benefits of being socially smart,understanding the concept of sharing and caring.They promote concentration skills,which is very important in their learning.There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness15or20years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery.The matter,then,is far from being clearly known,though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.21.The passage mainly argues whether______.A.children over three will accept school educationB.children under three should be sent to nursery schoolsC.the family relationship is different in traditional societiesD.early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies22.Which of the following supports Bowlby’s theory?A.Early day care wouldn’t be so popular if it had negative effects.B.Separation from parents for young children is common in history.C.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.D.Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children’s development.23.The author’s attitude towards early day care is that______.A.children under three should stay with their parentsB.it has potential benefits for both children and parentsC.the bad effect of it on children will disappear as they grow upD.it is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics24.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A. B.C. D.I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionGDear Dad,You are a person I do not know and would probably not recognize as I only saw an old photo of you a long time ago.I think and wonder about you often,especially when I have no oneto talk to about the Saturday fixtures(体育活动).One day when I grow up I will do an Internet search to find you,but I am not sure whether I will be successful as several attempts by the Child Support Agency have not been successful.Happy Father’s Day,Dad.Love,Andrew25.What did Miss Dalrymple ask her students to do?A.Hand out the paper and art materials.B.Make a special card for their fathers.C.Make a celebration plan for Father’s Day.D.Carry out a school activity on the weekend.26.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph2indicate?A.The students were not willing to finish the task.B.The students were eager to carry out the activity.C.The students didn’t get along well with each other.D.The students’family conditions were quite different.27.Why did Andrew have difficulty in making a special card for his father?A.Because he had never seen his father.B.Because his father was not a successful man.C.Because he forgot all the things his father did.D.Because he and his grandma didn’t like his father.28.What can we learn from Andrew’s letter?A.Andrew’s father has been dead.B.Andrew’s father can’t recognize him.C.Andrew is eager to meet his father.D.Andrew is sure of finding his father.HIf you analyze people’s actions,you will come to theconclusion that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it,even if on the surface it doesn’t look so.Happiness is always the main target.Going to the movies,eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the desire to be happy.Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations,a new car,a new house,or the ideal match?All people daydream,and some even try to make their dream a reality.And why is that?In order to be happy!Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains,entering unexplored caves, or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness.A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger,or because he desires to have quick money to spend.He is actually looking for happiness,though in a perverted way.Of course not all actions end in happiness.The motive is happiness,but the results do not always bring the desire.According to some spiritual traditions,we are spiritual beings in physical bodies.The spiritual part is always happy.Rather,it is happiness itself.But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质).There is a constant desire to find out this happiness.This isthe reason why happiness is constantly sought.However,there is no need to search for happiness or to create it,or to have all kinds of outer experiences and actions in order to feel it.On the contrary,everything has to be dropped in order to experience it.Every technique,which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of thoughts will lead to happiness.29.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that________.A.happiness is a daydreamB.it is very hard to analyze people’s actionsC.many things people do are to attain happinessD.one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose30.The underlined word“perverted”in Paragraph3most likely means______.A.illegalB.unfairC.cautiousD.difficult31.According to the author,why do people seek happiness all the time?A.All actions don’t result in the expected happiness.B.There is little awareness of the nature of happiness.C.One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part.D.People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires.32.What is the author’s attitude towards seeking happiness?A.Objective.B.Favourable.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.二、语法填空（共20小题，共40分）AOn the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I 33（voice）my biggest concern to my mother.＂How will I make friends?＂She handed me advice.＂Be yourself.＂For the past20years.I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously34（face）challenges,I know I will whisper to35（I）the two simple words＂Be yourself＂.BEarth Day,36（mark）on22April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.First celebrated371970,the Day now includes events in more than190countries and regions（地区）.No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various38（activity）on Earth Day.You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question39（suggest）that,for most students,it doesn’t.What students do at college seems to matter much more than40they go.The students benefitting most from college are those41are totally engaged（参与）in academic life,taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources （资源）.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 42（meaning）college experience.DThe polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of88°,there is evidence43they range all the wa y across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a globalpopulation of polar bears as much of the range has been44(poor)studied;however, biologists calculate that there are about20,000-25,000polar bears worldwide.Modem methods45tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive46(perform)consistently over a large area.In recentyears some Inuit people in Nunayut47(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a48(believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by49(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are50(high)than they actually are.Of51nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six52 (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.三、完型填空（共20题，共30分）A Welcome GiftDario and his mother loved their new apartment．The living room was large enough for their piano．That night，the two of them（53）side by side at the piano．They played jazz music to celebrate their new home．The loud（54）filled the room and made them feel very happy．The next morning，（55），their happiness disappeared．Someone had left a（56）under their door during the night．One of their neighbor had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano．Dario's mother asked the building superintendent（管理员）if he knew anything about it．But he said that they were all（57）people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that．Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their（58）and apologize for their playing．"Maybe we could go and（59）everyone in person．"his mother said．"What if we invited them to come here for a（60）instead？Dario asked．They both loved the（61）．Over the next few days，they sent out invitations and prepared desserts（62）their。

北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020-2022学年高二上学期开学考试语文试题及答案（逐题解析）人教版高二北京首师大附中2020-2022学年度第一学期开学考试高二语文2020.9一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

材料一共享经济有助于深化我国供给侧结构性改革。

在过去产业模式更新滞后的阶段，经济增速下降，出现了供给失衡的情况：一方面市场提供的产品不符合人们的需求；另一方面部分行业存在产能过剩问题，库存得不到及时有效的解决。

这一状况的解决即供给侧结构性改革。

供给侧结构性改革的目标是优化产能，注重需求方的需求，提升合理的供给能力。

共享经济的出现带动了资源的再分配，使部分资源得以重新组合；衍生出新的商业模式。

共享经济的参与成本低，平台参与度、发展迅速，对传统商业市场造成了冲击，削弱了传统商业模式的竞争力。

以滴滴快车与出租车相比为例，滴滴快车的司机税收政策不明确、收费低、接单多。

而传统的出租车因为投入多、运营成本高，打车费用高而逐渐失去市场占有力。

这自然会引起传统出租车司机和出租车公司的不满，出租车司机抵制“专车”司机的情况屡见不鲜。

共享经济是近年来出现的新的经济模式，我国还未对共享经济颁布明确的责任追究、税收监管等相关的法律法规。

目前，共享经济大都是通过网络手段来进行认证，资质认证门槛较低，交易平台很难提供足够安全的保障，一旦出现问题，现有的法律法规很难厘清真正的责任人。

（摘编自《共享经济的发展现状及治理对策》，《国家治理》37期）材料二2012—中国互联网共享经济行业规模及增长率预测中国网民使用共享经济产品情况调查（摘编自《2018—中国共享经济行业全景研究报告》）材料三在行业成熟度比较高的共享模式中，一些现象偏离了“通过激活社会存量资源来创新经济发展”的初衷。

名曰共享经济，其实是资本市场的包装，往往多于盈利模式的创新；个性化服务的提升，也可能多于社会公共成本的节省。

北京市朝阳区首都师范大学附属中学朝阳学校2024-2025学年度高三年级第一学期9月统考化学试卷（考试时间：70分钟 满分：100分）班级：姓名：考号：考生须知1．本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时长70分钟。

2．在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名、考号。

3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

一、选择题本部分共14题，每题3分，共42分。

在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1．（3分）书法是中华文化之瑰宝，“无色而具画图的灿烂，无声而有音乐的和谐”，书法之美尽在笔墨纸砚之间。

下列关于传统文房四宝的相关说法正确的是（ ）A ．墨汁是一种水溶液B ．宣纸是合成高分子材料C ．砚石的成分与水晶相同D ．制笔用的狼毫主要成分是蛋白质2．（3分）下列化学用语或模型正确的是（）A ．的电子式：B ．的空间结构：C ．的结构示意图：D ．的空间填充模型3．（3分）下列说法不正确的是（）A ．通过X 射线衍射可测定青蒿素晶体的结构B ．利用盐析的方法可将蛋白质从溶液中分离C ．苯酚与甲醛通过加聚反应得到酚醛树脂D ．可用新制氢氧化铜悬浊液鉴别苯、乙醛和醋酸溶液4．（3分）为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列叙述正确的是（）A ．0.50mol分子中共价键的数目为2B ．标准状况下，2.24L 中电子的数目为4.002CO :O:C :O :4P 3Al3CH CHO A N AN 3SO ANC ．pH=2的溶液中的数目为0.02D ．常温常压下，28g CO 和的混合气体原子数目为25．（3分）2022年诺贝尔化学奖授予研究“点击化学”的科学家。

如图所示化合物是“点击化学”研究中的常用分子。

关于该化合物，说法不正确的是（）A ．能发生加成反应B ．最多能与等物质的量的NaOH 反应C ．能使溴水和酸性溶液褪色D ．能与氨基酸和蛋白质中的氨基反应6．（3分）下列反应的离子方程式正确的是（）A ．碘化亚铁溶液与等物质的量的氯气：B ．向次氯酸钙溶液通入足量二氧化碳：C ．铜与稀硝酸：D ．向硫化钠溶液通入足量二氧化硫：7．（3分）化学烫发巧妙利用了头发中蛋白质发生化学反应实现对头发的“定型”，其变化过程示意图如图。

首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一入学考试试题物理2020.8一、本题共13小题，每小题3分，共39分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

把答案用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上。

1. 下列物理量中属于标量的是（ ） A. 时间 B. 位移C. 速度D. 加速度【答案】A 【解析】【详解】A ．时间是只有大小，没有方向的标量，故A 正确；BCD ．位移、速度、加速度都是既有大小，又有方向的矢量，故BCD 错误。

故选A 。

2. 如图所示，甲同学从操场上A 点出发，先向东走了一段距离到达B 点，然后又向北走了一段距离到达C 点；乙同学从A 点出发沿直线到达C 点．甲、乙两位同学的（ ）A. 路程相同，位移相同B. 路程相同，位移不同 C 路程不同，位移相同 D. 路程不同，位移不同 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】甲同学从A 出发，经过B 点到达C 点，路程等于AB 段长度与BC 段长度之和，位移等于AC 段长度，方向从A 指向C ；乙同学的路程与位移均等于AC 段长度，方向从A 指向C ，故C 正确，ABD 错误。

3. 如图所示，力F 1、F 2是两个相互垂直共点力，其中13N F =，24N F =。

则F 1、F 2的合力大小为A. 1NB. 2NC. 5ND. 7N【答案】C 【解析】【详解】根据力的平行四边形定则，可知质点所受F 1和F 2的合力大小为：222212=345N F F F +=+=合故C 正确，ABD 错误； 故选C 。

4. 将实验和逻辑推理（包括数学演算）和谐地结合起来，从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是： A. 笛卡尔 B. 牛顿C. 伽利略D. 亚里士多德 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】将实验和逻辑推理（包括数学演算）和谐地结合起来，从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是伽利略，故选项B 正确，选项ACD 错误．【点睛】本题考查物理学史，是常识性问题，对于物理学上重大发现、发明、著名理论要加强记忆，这也是考试内容之一．5. 如图所示，电灯吊在天花板上。

首师大附中2024级高一学业诊断（一）数学（成达部）2024年10月12月第I 卷（共40分）一､选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分.在每小题所列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的）1.设集合，则（ ）A. B.⫋ C.⫋ D.2.函数的定义域是（ ）A. B. C. D.3.下列函数既是奇函数又在区间上是增函数的是（ ）A. B.C. D.4.为了得到函数的图象，只需把函数的图象上的所有点（）A.向左平移2个单位长度，再向上平移2个单位长度B.向右平移2个单位长度，再向下平移2个单位长度C.向左平移1个单位长度，再向上平移1个单位长度D.向右平移1个单位长度，再向上平移1个单位长度5.下列结论正确的个数是（ ）①若，则； ②若，则；③不全为零； ④A.0个 B.1个 C.2个 D.3个6.函数的大致图像是（ ）11,,,3663kkM x x k N x x k ⎧⎫⎧⎫==+∈==+∈⎨⎬⎨⎬⎩⎭⎩⎭Z Z M N =M N N M M N ⋂=∅y =3,2∞⎡⎫+⎪⎢⎣⎭()3,22,2∞⎡⎫⋃+⎪⎢⎣⎭()3,22,2∞⎛⎫⋃+ ⎪⎝⎭()(),22,∞∞-⋃+()0,113y x -=ln y x=1y x x =-222,02,0x x x y x x x ⎧-≤=⎨-->⎩()2log 22y x =-2log y x =a b >22a b >a b >11a b <22(,a b ab a b +>)()2221a b a b +≥--()(1)ln |1|f x x x =+-A. B.C. D.7.若“”是“”的充分不必要条件，则实数的取值范围是（ ）A. B. C. D.8.已知关于的不等式的解集是，则下列结论中错误的是（）A.B.C. D.9.已知函数若对于任意正数，关于的方程都恰有两个不相等的实数根，则满足条件的实数的个数为（）A.0B.1C.2D.无数10.设A ，B 为两个非空有限集合，定义其中表示集合S 的元素个数.某学校甲､乙､丙､丁四名同学从思想政治､历史､地理､物理､化学､生物这6门高中学业水平等级性考试科目中自主选择3门参加考试，设这四名同学的选考科目组成的集合分别为，，，.已知{物理，化学，生物}，{地理，物理，化学}，{思想政治，历史，地理}，给出下列四个结论：①若，则{思想政治，历史，生物}；②若，则{地理，物理，化学}；③若{思想政治，物理，生物}，则；④若，则{思想政治，地理，化学}.其中正确结论的个数是（ ）12x <<21x m -<m 1,12⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭1,12⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭x ()()1320a x x -++>()12,x x 1220x x ++=1231x x -<<<124x x ->1230x x +<()22,,,.x ax x a f x x a x a ⎧-+≥⎪=⎨+<⎪⎩k x ()f x k =a (),1A B J A B A B⋂=-⋃S 1S 2S 3S 4S 1S =2S =3S =()24,1J S S =4S =()()1214,,J S S J S S =4S =4S =()()()142434,,,J S S J S S J S S <=()()()142434,,,J S S J S S J S S >=4S =A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个第II 卷（共60分）二､填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，其32分）11.函数的值域为__________.12.已知函数，若对于任意的正实数都满足，则__________.13.已知函数是定义在上的偶函数，当时，，则当时，__________.14.已知关于的方程的两根为，满足，则实数的取值范围为__________.15.若函数有4个零点，则实数的取值范围是__________.16.设关于的方程和的实根分别为，若，则实数的取值范围是__________.17.李明经营一家网店，售卖商品，每售出一件获利8元.现计划在“十一”期间对商品进行广告促销，假设售出品的件数（单位：万件）与广告费用（单位：万元）符合函数模型.若要使这次促销活动获利最多，则广告费用应为__________.万元.（注：利润销售额—广告费用）18.已知函数，对于任意实数，当时，记的最大值为.①若，则__________；②若则的取值范围是__________.三､解答题（本大题共2小题，共28分.解答应写出文字说明､证明过程或演算步骤）19.（本小题13分）解关于的方程：20.（本小题15分）已知函数.（1）证明：函数是奇函数；212,,22y x x x ⎡⎫=-+∈⎪⎢⎣⎭()f x ,x y ()()()(),21f xy f x f y f =+=()8f =()f x (),∞∞-+(),0x ∞∈-()2f x x x =-()0,x ∞∈+()f x =x 220x bx b +-=12,x x 1211x x -<<<b ()24f x x x a =-+a x 10ax a --=21102x x a +--=123,,x x x 213x x x <<a A A A m x 231m x =-+x =()f x [],x a b ∈0a x b ≤≤()()0f x f x -[]()0,a b D x ()2(1)f x x =-[]()0,32D =()22,0,21,0,x x x f x x x ⎧--≤⎪=⎨-->⎪⎩[](),21a a D +-x ()112a x x -≥-()31x f x x x =++()f x（2）用定义证明：函数在上是增函数；（3）若关于的不等式对于任意实数恒成立，求实数的取值范围.()f x ()0,∞+x ()()2310f ax x f ax α++-≥x a。

2020年北京市首师大附中2020级高一新生入学分班考试试题注意事项：1.请在试卷和答题卡上写清学校、姓名、考号等个人信息2.请将答案全部作答在答题卡上，考试结束后，将答题卡与试卷、草稿纸全部收回3.在答题卡中选择题用2B铅笔作答，画图题用2B铅笔作答，其余非选择题全用0.5mm黑色碳素笔作答，否则答题无效一、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，共30分）AHere are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to celebrate the Chinese New Year.LondonAlthough it may not be as large or as long-built as others, having only become a center for the Chinese community during the 1950s, London’s Chinatown is perfectly formed little firework (烟花) that knows how to see in the year with a bang. Decorated (装饰) with red lanterns, previous years have seen shows with acrobatics, martial arts, dance and opera nearby.San FranciscoSan Francisco’s Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the USA. The city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Stockton Street, this historic area is a local treasure, attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.BangkokWith an about 100-year-old history, the Thai capital’s Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty food, clothes, and toys. Sunday market days are such a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood. The area is also famous for its gold dealers, and there are lots of gold shops along the road.MauritiusFound in Port Louis, this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nation’s rich multicultural diversity. Built in the early years of the 20th century by settlers from China, its tiny shops and restaurants serve locals and visitors. During the Chinese Spring Festival, the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional lion dances through the streets.1. Which of the following has the longest history?A. London’s Chinatown.B. San Francisco’s Chinatown.C. Mauritius’s Chinatown.D. Bangkok’s Chinatown.2. What’s special about Bangkok’s Chinatown?A. It is crowded with Chinese restaurants.B. It is the major entrance for the Chinese.C. It is well-known for its gold business.D. You can enjoy fireworks there.3. If you want to enjoy the Dragon Dances, you can go to ________.A. Rue Royale in Port Louis, MauritiusB. the Sunday market in BangkokC. the Grant Avenue in San FranciscoD. the Chinese community in London【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2019 年首师大附中新高一新生入学分班考试数学试题一、选择题1. 某旅行团到森林游乐区参观，如表为两种参观方式与所需的缆车费用．已知旅行团的每个人皆从这 两种方式中选择一种，且去程有 15 人搭乘缆车，回程有 10 人搭乘缆车．若他们缆车费用的总花费 为 4100 元，则此旅行团共有多少人？ ( )A. 16B. 19C. 22D. 252. 如图，坐标平面上有一顶点为 A 的抛物线，此抛物线与方程式 = 2的图形交于 B 、C 两点， △ 为正三角形．若 A 点坐标为(−3,0)，则此抛物线与 y 轴的交点坐标为何？ ( )A. (0, 9)B. (0, 27)C. (0,9)D. (0,19)第 2 题图 第 3 题图 第 4 题图3. 如图的七边形 ABCDEFG 中， AB 、ED 的延长线相交于 O 点．若图中∠1、∠2、∠3 、∠4的外角的角度 和为220°，则∠ 的度数为何？ ( )A. 40°B. 45°C. 50°D. 60°4. 如图，菱形 ABCD 的边长为 10，圆 O 分别与 AB 、AD 相切于 E 、F 两点， 且与 BG 相切于 G 点．若= 5，且圆 O 的半径为 3，则 BG 的长度为( )A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 75. 桌面上有甲、乙、丙三个杯子，三杯内原本均装有一些水．先将甲杯的水全部倒入丙杯，此时丙杯 的水量为原本甲杯内水量的 2 倍多40 毫升；再将乙杯的水全部倒入丙杯，此时丙杯的水量为原本乙 杯内水量的 3 倍少 180 毫升．若过程中水没有溢出，则原本甲、乙两杯内的水量相差多少毫升？ ( )参观方式去程及回程均搭乘缆车单程搭乘缆车，单程步行 缆车费用 300 元 200 元 2 2A. 80B. 110C. 140D. 2206. 如图，坐标平面上，二次函数 = − 2 + 4 − 的图形与 x 轴交于 A 、B 两点， 与 y 轴交于 C 点，其顶点为 D ，且 > 0.若△ 与△ 的面积比为 1： 4，则 k 值为何？ ( )A. 1B. 1C. 4D. 42 3 5第 6 题图 第 8 题图 第 9 题图7. 已知 = (− 1 )67， = (− 1 )68， = (− 1 )69 ，判断 a 、b 、c 三数的大小关系为下列何者？ ( )2.78 2.78 2.78A. > >B. > >C. > >D. > >8. 如图的△ 中有一正方形 DEFG ，其中 D 在 AC 上， E 、F 在 AB 上，直线 AG 分别交 DE 、BC 于M 、N 两点． 若∠ = 90°， = 4， = ， = 1， 则 BN 的长度为何？ ( )A.4 B. 3 C 3． 8 D. 12 3 25 79. 如图，有一平行四边形 ABCD 与一正方形 CEFG ， 其中 E 点在 AD 上．若∠ = 35， ∠ = °15 ，则∠ 的度数为何？ ( )°A. 50B. 55C. 70D. 7510. 小昱和阿帆均从同一本书的第 1 页开始，逐页依顺序在每一页上写一个数．小昱在第 1 页写 1，且之后每一页写的数均为他在前一页写的数加 2；阿帆在第 1 页写 1，且之后每一页写的数均为他在前一 页写的数加7.若小昱在某页写的数为 101，则阿帆在该页写的数为何？ ( )A. 350B. 351C. 356D. 35811. 坐标平面上有一个二元一次方程式的图形，此图形通过 (−3,0)、(0, −5 两点．判断此图形与下列哪 )一个方程式的图形的交点在第三象限？ ( )A. − 4 = 0B. + 4 = 0C. − 4 = 0D. + 4 = 012. 如图，圆 O 通过五边形 OABCD 的四个顶点．若⏜ = 150 ， ∠ = 65 ， ∠ = 60°，则 的度数为 ° °( ) ⏜A. 25 C. 50B. 40 D. 5513. 如图的六边形是由甲、乙两个长方形和丙、丁两个等腰直角三角形所组成，其中甲、乙的面积和等于丙、丁的面积和．若丙的一股长为 2，且丁的面积比丙的面积小，则丁的一股长为何？ ( )A. 21B. 53C. − √32 D. 4 − √3 2第 13 题图 第 14 题图 第 1 题图514. 如图的矩形 ABCD 中， E 点在 CD 上，且 < .若 P 、Q 两点分别在 AD 、AE 上， AP ： = 4：1， AQ ： = 4： 1，直线 PQ 交 AC 于 R 点，且 Q 、R 两点到 CD 的距离分别为q 、r ，则下列关系何 者正确？ ( )A. < ， =B. < ， <C. = ， =D. = ， <15 如图，有一内部装有水的直圆柱形水桶，桶高 20 公分；另有一直圆柱形的实心铁柱，柱高 30 公 .分，直立放置于水桶底面上，水桶内的水面高度为 12 公分，且水桶与铁柱的底面半径比为 2： 1.今 小贤将铁柱移至水桶外部，过程中水桶内的水量未改变，若不计水桶厚度，则水桶内的水面高度变 为多少公分？ ( )A. 4.B. 6C. 8D. 9516. 下表为小洁打算在某电信公司购买一支 MAT 手机与搭配一个号码的两种方案．此公司每个月收取通话费与月租费的方式如下：若通话费超过月租费，只收通话费；若通话费不超过月租费，只收月租 费．若小洁每个月的通话费均为 x 元， x 为 400 到 600 之间的整数，则在不考虑其他费用并使用两年 的情况下， x 至少为多少才会使得选择乙方案的总花费比甲方案便宜？( )A. 500B. 516C. 517D. 600乙方案 600 13000注意事项：以上方案两年内不可变更月租费号码的月租费(元)MAT 手机价格(元) 甲方案400 1500017. 如图，以矩形 ABCD 的 A 为圆心， AD 长为半径画弧，交 AB 于 F 点；再以 C 为圆心， CD 长为半径画弧，交 AB 于 E 点．若 = 5， = 17，则 EF 的长度为何？ ( )3A. 2B. 3C. 2D. 73 3第 1 题图第 18 题图第 2 题图7 018. 坐标平面上某二次函数图形的顶点为(2 −1)，此函数图形与 x 轴相交于 P 、Q 两点，且 = 6.若此,函数图形通过(1, )、(3 )、(−1, ) 、(−3 )四点，则 a， b， c， d 中是正数的是( ), ,A. aB. bC. cD. d19. 如图的矩形 ABCD 中， E 为. 的中点，有一圆过 C、D、E 三点，且此圆分别与. 、. 相交于 P 、Q两点．甲、乙两人想找到此圆的圆心 O，其作法如下：(甲)作∠ 的角平分线 L，作. 的中垂线，交 L 于 O 点，则 O 即为所求；(乙) 连接. 、. ，两线段交于一点 O，则 O 即为所求对于甲、乙两人的作法，下列判断何者正确？ ( )A. 两人皆正确B. 两人皆错误C. 甲正确，乙错误D. 甲错误，乙正确20 如图，正六边形 ABCDEF 中， P 、Q 两点分别为△ 、△ 的内心．若 = ，则 PQ 的长度为.何？ ( ) 2A. 1B. 2C. √ −D. 4 −√21 如图(一)， OP 为一条拉直的细线， 2A、3 B 点在 OP 上，且 OA2：3 = 1： 3， OB： = ： 5.若先.固定 B 点，将 OB 折向 BP，使得 OB 重迭在 BP 上，如图(二)，再从图(二) 的 A 点及与 A 3点重迭处一起剪开，使得细线分成三段，则此三段细线由小到大的长度比为 ( )A. 1： 1： 1B. 1： 1： 2C. 1： 2： 2D. 1： 2： 522. 如图，矩形 ABCD 中， M、E、F 三点在. 上， N 是矩形两对角线的交点．若. = 24，. = 32，. = 16，. = 8，. = 7，则下列哪一条直线是 A、C 两点的对称轴？ ( )A. 直线 MNB. 直线 ENC. 直线 FND. 直线 DN二、解答题(本大题共2小题，共16.0分)23. 在公园有两座垂直于水平地面且高度不一的图柱，两座圆柱后面有一堵与地面互相垂直的墙，且圆柱与墙的距离皆为 120 公分．敏敏观察到高度 90 公分矮圆柱的影子落在地面上，其影长为 60 公分；而高圆柱的部分影子落在墙上，如图所示．已知落在地面上的影子皆与墙面互相重直，并视太阳光为平行光，在不计圆柱厚度与影子宽度的情况下，请回答下列问题：(1)若敏敏的身高为 150 公分，且此刻她的影子完全落在地面上，则影长为多少公分？(2)若同一时间量得高圆柱落在墙上的影长为 150 公分，则高图柱的高度为多少公分？请详细解释或完整写出你的解题过程，并求出答案．24. 如图，正方形 ABCD 是一张边长为 12 公分的皮革．皮雕师傅想在此皮革两相邻的角落分别切下△与△ 后得到一个五边形 PQABR，其中 = 2 ， = ，且 P 、Q、R 三点分别在 CD 、AD 、BC 上，如图所示．(1)当皮雕师傅切下△时，若 DQ 长度为 x 公分，请你以x 表示此时△ 的面积．(2)承(1)，当 x 的值为多少时，五边形 PQABR 的面积最大？请完整说明你的理由并求出答案．答案和解析1. 【答案】 A【解析】 解：设此旅行团有 x 人单程搭乘缆车，单程步行，其中去程及回程均搭乘缆车的有 y 人，根据题意得， {1050−+ 30(1 0=0= ，解得，则总人数为7 + 9 =) 16(人)故选： A ．设此旅行团有 x 人单程搭乘缆车，单程步行，其中去程及回程均搭乘缆车的有 y 人，根据题意列出二元一 次方程，求出其解．本题是二元一次方程组的应用，主要考查了列二元一次方程组解应用题，关键是读懂题意，找出等量关 系，列出方程组．2. 【答案】 B【解析】 解：设 − , 2)， (−3 + , 2)， ( > 0)(−3∵ 点坐标为(−3,0)，∴ = 2 ， ∵△ 为正三角形， ∴ = 2 ， ∠ = 60°，2√3∴ =3∴ (−3 + √3, 2)设抛物线解析式 = ( + 3)2，2 3(−3 + + 3)2 = 2，3 ∴ = ，2∴ = 3 ( + 3)2，2当 = 0时， = 27；2故选： B ．2√3 3设− , 2)，(−3 + , 2)， ( > 0)，可知 = 2 ，再由等边三角形的性质可知(−3 + 2 √3, 2)，(−3 3设抛物线解析式 = ( + 3)2 ，将点 C 代入解析式即可求 a，进而求解；本题考查二次函数的图象及性质，等边三角形的性质；结合函数图象将等边三角形的边长转化为点的坐标是解题的关键．3. 【答案】A【解析】解：在 DO 延长线上找一点 M，如图所示．∵多边形的外角和为360°，∴ ∠ = 360° − 220° = 140°．∵ ∠ + ∠ =180°，∴ ∠ = 180° − ∠ = 180° − 140° = 40°．故选： A．在 DO 延长线上找一点 M，根据多边形的外角和为360°可得出∠= 140°，再根据邻补角互补即可得出结论．本题考查了多边形的内角与外角以及邻补角，解题的关键是根据多边形的外角和为360°找出∠ = 140°．4. 【答案】C【解析】解：连接 OE，∵⊙ 与 AB 相切于 E，∴ ∠ = 90°，∵ = 5， = 3，∴ = √ 2 − 2 = 4，∵ = 10，∴ = 6，∵与⊙ 相切于 G，∴ = = 6，故选 C．连接 OE，由⊙ 与 AB 相切于 E，得到∠ = 90°，根据勾股定理得到= √ 2 − 2 = 4，根据切线长定理即可得到结论．本题考查了切线的性质，勾股定理，熟练掌握切线的性质是解题的关键．5. 【答案】 B【解析】 解：设甲杯中原有水 a 毫升，乙杯中原有水 b 毫升，丙杯中原有水 c 毫升，{② − ①，得 − = 110， 故选 B ．① ②根据题意可以分别设出甲、乙、丙三个杯子内原有水的体积，然后根据题意可以列出方程组，然后作差 即可得到原本甲、乙两杯内的水量相差多少毫升，本题得以解决．本题考查三元一次方程组的应用，解题的关键是明确题目中的等量关系，列出相应的方程组，巧妙变 形，得到所求问题的答案．6. 【答案】 D【解析】 解： ∵ = − 2 + 4 − = −( − 2)2 + 4 − ， ∴顶点( − )， (0, − )，∴ = ，∵△的面积= 12⋅= ⋅ ， △的面积= 12− )， △ 与△ 的面积比为 1： 4， ∴ = (4 − )，解得： = 4．5故选： D ．求出顶点和 C 的坐标，由三角形的面积关系得出关于 k 的方程，解方程即可．本题考查了抛物线与 x 轴的交点、抛物线的顶点式；根据三角形的面积关系得出方程是解决问题的关键．7. 【答案】 C2,4 (41 41 2【解析】解：因为= (− 1 )67，= (− 1 )68，= (− 1 )69，2.78 2.78 2.78所以 > > ，故选 C．根据乘方的定义与性质判断的大小即可．本题主要考查了有理数的大小比较，关键是根据乘方的定义、性质及幂的乘方的性质解答．8. 【答案】 D【解析】 解： ∵四边形 DEFG 是正方形， ∴ ， ，且 // // ∴△ ， △ ∴ ∽①， +∽=△由①可得，= 1，解得：将 = 4代入②，得：=1 ，4解得： = ，7故选： D ．由 //可得 =求 出 AE 的长，由//可得+ =， 将 AE 的长代入可求得 BN ．本题主要考查正方形的性质及相似三角形的判定与性质，根据相似三角形的性质得出 AE 的长是解题的关 键．9. 【答案】 C【解析】 解： ∵四边形 CEFG 是正方形， ∴ ∠ = 90°，∵ ∠ = 180° − ∠ − ∠ = 180° − 15° − 90° = 75 ，°∴ ∠ = 180° − ∠ − ∠ = 180° − 75 − 35 = 70 ，° ° °∵四边形 ABCD 为平行四边形，∴ ∠ = ∠ = 70° 平行四边形对角相等)．(4 =，②，= 1，= =4 312 ，3故选： C．由平角的定义求出∠ 的度数，由三角形内角和定理求出∠ 的度数，再由平行四边形的对角相等即可得出结果．本题考查了正方形的性质、平行四边形的性质、三角形内角和定理等知识；熟练掌握平行四边形和正方形的性质，由三角形内角和定理求出∠ 的度数是解决问题的关键．10. 【答案】B【解析】解：小昱所写的数为1，3，5，7，…，101，… ；阿帆所写的数为1，8，15，22，…，设小昱所写的第n 个数为101，根据题意得：101 = 1 + ( − 1) × 2，整理得：2( − 1) = 100，即− 1 = 50，解得：= 51，则阿帆所写的第51 个数为1 + (51 − 1) × 7 = 1 + 50 × 7 = 1 + 350 = 351．故选：B．根据题意确定出小昱和阿帆所写的数字，设小昱所写的第n 个数为101，根据规律确定出n 的值，即可确定出阿帆在该页写的数．此题考查了有理数的混合运算，弄清题中的规律是解本题的关键．11. 【答案】D【解析】解：作出选项中− 4 = 0，+ 4 = 0，− 4 = 0，+ 4 = 0的图象，以及通过(−3,0) 、(0, −5)两点直线方程，根据图象得：通过(−3,0) 、(0, −5)两点直线与+ 4 = 0的交点在第三象限，故选D分别作出各选项中的直线，以及通过(−3,0) 、(0, −5)两点的直线，根据图象即可确定出此图形与下列方程式的图形的交点在第三象限的直线方程．此题考查了坐标与图形性质，作出相应的图象是解本题的关键．12. 【答案】B【解析】【分析】此题考查了圆心角、弧、弦的关系，弄清圆心角、弧、弦的关系是解本题的关键．连接OB，OC，由半径相等得到△ ，△ ，△ 都为等腰三角形，根据∠ = 65°，∠ = 60°，求出∠1与∠2的度数，根据⏜的度数确定出∠ 度数，进而求出∠3的度数，即可确定出的度数．【解答】⏜解：连接OB 、OC，∵ = = = ，∴△ 、△ 、△ ，皆为等腰三角形，∵ ∠ = 65°， ∠ = 60°，∴ ∠1 = 180° − 2∠ = 180° − 2 × 65° = 50°， ∠2 = 180° − 2∠ = 180° − 2 × 60° = 60°， ∵ ∴ ∠ = 150°，= 150°，∴ ∠3 = ∠ − ∠1 − ∠2 = 150° − 50° − 60° = 40°，则⏜ = 40°．故选 B ．13. 【答案】 D【解析】 解：设丁的一股长为 a ，且 < 2，∵甲面积+乙面积=丙面积+丁面积，∴ 2 + 2 = 1 × 22 + 1 × 2，∴ 4 = 2 + 1 2，∴ 2 − 8 + 4 = 0，∴ = = = 4 ± 2 3，∵ 4 + 2 3 > 2 ，不合题意舍， √4 − 2 3√< 2 ，合题意，∴ =√4 − 2 3．故选 D ． √2 22设出丁的一股为a ，表示出其它，再用面积建立方程即可．此题是一元二次方程的应用题，主要考查了一元二次方程的解，解本题的关键是列出一元二次方程．14. 【答案】D∴ ，//∴== 4，∵平行线间的距离相等，∴ = ，∵== 4，∴ = = ，5∵ ∴ <<故选： D ．根据矩形的性质得到 ，根据已知条件得到 = ，根据平行线分线段成比例定理得到// //= = 4，根据平行线间的距离相等，得到 = ，证得 = = 1 ，于是得到结论．5本题考查了平行线分线段成比例定理，矩形的性质，熟练掌握平行线分线段成比例定理是解题的关键． 15. 【答案】 D【解析】 解： ∵水桶底面半径：铁柱底面半径 = 2： 1，∴水桶底面积：铁柱底面积 = 22： 12 = 4： 1，设铁柱底面积为 a ，水桶底面积为 4a ，则水桶底面扣除铁柱部分的环形区域面积为 4 − = 3 ，∵原有的水量为3 × 12 = 36 ，∴水桶内的水面高度变为 36 = 9(公分)．【解析】 解： ∵在矩形 ABCD 中， ，//∵ ： = 4： 1， AQ ： = 4： 1，， 1 ． ，4故选D．由水桶底面半径：铁柱底面半径= 2：1，得到水桶底面积：铁柱底面积= 22：12 = 4：1，设铁柱底面积为a，水桶底面积为4a，于是得到水桶底面扣除铁柱部分的环形区域面积为4 − = 3 ，根据原有的水量为3 × 12 = 36 ，即可得到结论．本题考查了圆柱的计算，正确的理解题意是解题的关键．16. 【答案】 C【解析】 解： ∵ 为 400 到 600 之间的整数，∴若小洁选择甲方案，需以通话费计算，若小洁选择乙方案，需以月租费计算，甲方案使用两年总花费 = 24 + 15000；乙方案使用两年总花费 = 24 × 600 + 13000 = 27400． 由已知得： 24 + 15000 > 27400，解得： > 516 2， 即 x 至少为 517．3 故选 C ．由 x 的取值范围，结合题意找出甲、乙两种方案下两年的总花费各是多少，再由乙方案比甲方案便宜得出 关于 x 的一元一次不等式，解不等式即可得出结论．本题考查了一元一次不等式的应用以及一次函数的应用，解题的关键是结合题意找出关于 x 的一元一次不 等式．本题属于基础题，难度不大，解决该题型题目时，根据数量关系列出不等式 (方程或方程组)是关 键．17. 【答案】 A【解析】【分析】连接 CE ，可得出 = ，由矩形的性质得到 = ，在直角三角形 BCE 中， 利用勾股定理求出 BE 的长， 由 − 求出 BF 的长， 由 − 求出 EF 的长即可．此题考查了矩形的性质，以及勾股定理，熟练掌握矩形的性质是解本题的关键．【解答】解：连接 CE ，则 = = ， = = 5， 3∵△ 为直角三角形，∴ = √ ( 317)2 − 52 = 38， 又 ∵ = − = 17 − 5 = 2，3 317∴ = − = 8 −2 = 2．3 3故选A18. 【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据抛物线顶点及对称轴可得抛物线与 x 轴的交点，从而根据交点及顶点画出抛物线草图，根据图形易知 a 、b 、c 、d 的大小．本题主要考查抛物线与 x 轴的交点，根据抛物线的对称性由对称轴及交点距离得出 两交点坐标是解题的关键．【解答】解： ∵二次函数图形的顶点为(2, −1)，∴对称轴为 = 2，∵ × 2 = × 6 = 3， 2∴图形与 x 轴的交点为(2 − 3,0) = (−1,0)，和(2 + 3,0) = (5,0)，已知图形通过(2, −1) 、(−1,0) 、(5,0)三点，如图， 由图形可知： = < 0， = 0， > 0．故选： D ．19. 【答案】 A【解析】【分析】11本题考查的是确定圆的条件，掌握线段垂直平分线的性质、圆周角定理是解题的关键．根据线段垂直平分线的性质判断甲，根据90°的圆周角所对的弦是直径判断乙．【解答】解：甲，∵. = . ，∴△为等腰三角形，∴ 为 .之中垂线，∴ 为两中垂线之交点，即 O 为△ 的外心，∴ 为此圆圆心．乙， ∵ ∠ = 90°， ∠ = 90°，∴ . 、 . 为此圆直径，∴ . 与 . 的交点 O 为此圆圆心，因此甲、乙两人皆正确．故选 A ． 20. 【答案】 C【解析】 解：如图，连接 PF ， QF ， PC ， QC ，∵ 、Q 两点分别为△ 、△ 的内心，∴ 是∠ 的角平分线， FQ 是∠ 的角平分线， = 1 ∠ 2= ∠ 同理， ∠ = ∠∴ ⊥ ，∴△ 是等边三角形，∴ = 2 ；易得△ ，且内角是30°， 60°， 90°的三角形， ∴ =≌△√3， = ， = 2 = 4，= 30°， ∠ = 30°， ∴ ∠∴ ∠ = 1 ∠ = 30°，∴△ 2=21× 2=21× × √3 = √3，过点P 作⊥ ，⊥ 2 ，2PQ 交2CF 于G，∵点P 是△ 的内心，∴ = = ，∴ △1= 21 = ×2 × △ + △ 1+ 1 + × 2√3× 1 + ×4 ×= 2√3，= 2√3 − 2．故选： C ．先判断出 ⊥ ，再求出 PG ，然后计算出 PQ 即可．= (1 + √3 + 2) = (3 + √3)∴ == √3 − 1 ∴ = 2= 2(√3 − 1)= 2√3， = 2， = 2 = 4，利用△ 的面积的两种算法即可求出 此题是三角形的内切圆与内心，主要考查了三角形的内心的特点，三角形的全等，解本题的关键是知道 三角形的内心的意义．21. 【答案】 B【解析】 解： 设 OP 的长度为 8a ，∵ ： = 1： 3， OB ： = 3： 5，∴ = 2 ， = 6 ， = ， = 3 ， = 5 ，+ △ + × × × 2 2 21 = 2√3 3 + √32 2又∵先固定 B 点，将 OB 折向 BP，使得 OB 重迭在BP 上，如图(二)，再从图(二) 的 A 点及与 A 点重迭处一起剪开，使得细线分成三段，∴这三段从小到大的长度分别是： 2a 、2a 、4a，∴此三段细线由小到大的长度比为： 2a： 2a： 4 = 1： 1： 2，故选： B．根据题意可以设出线段 OP 的长度，从而根据比值可以得到图 (一)中各线段的长，根据题意可以求出折叠后，再剪开各线段的长度，从而可以求得三段细线由小到大的长度比，本题得以解决．本题考查比较线段的长短，解题的关键是理解题意，求出各线段的长度．22. 【答案】C∴ = 20，∵ ∠ = ∠ ， ∠ = ∠ ，∴△ ，∴ ∽ ，即20 = ，32 40解得， = 25，∵ 、E 、F 三点在 AD 上， = 32， = 16， = 8， = 7，∴ = − = 32 − 7 = 25，∴点 P 与点 F 重合．故选 C ．根据题意可知 A 、C 两点的对称轴是线段 AC 的垂直平分线，画出合适的辅助线，然后根据题意可以求得 AC 和 AN 的长，然后根据三角形相似的知识可以求得 AP 的长，从而可以得到 P 与哪一个点重合，本题 得以解决．本题考查轴对称的性质、矩形的性质，解题的关键是明确题意，作出合适的辅助线，找出所求问题需要的条件．(2)如图，连接 AE ， 作 ． //23. 【答案】 解： (1)设敏敏的影长为 x 公分．由题意： 150 90 60解得 = 100(公分)，经检验： = 100是分式方程的解．∴敏敏的影长为 100 公分．= ， 【解析】 解： ∵ 、C 两点的对称轴是线段 AC 的垂直平分线， ∴连接 AC ，过点 N 作 AC 的垂直平分线 PN 交 AD 于点 P ，∵ = 24， = 32，∴ = √242 + 322 = 40，∵，//∴四边形 ABFE 是平行四边形，∴ = = 150公分，设 = 公分，由题意 BC 落在地面上的影从为 120 公分．∴ = ，120 60∴ = 180 公分)，(∴ = + = 15 + 18 = 330 公分)，0 0 (答：高图柱的高度为 330 公分．【解析】 (1)根据同一时刻，物长与影从成正比，构建方程即可解决问题．(2 如图，连接 AE ， 作 分别求出 AB ， BC 的长即可解决问题．) //本题考查相似三角形的.应用，平行投影，平行四边形的判定和性质等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用所学 知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型．解： (1)设 = 公分，= 2 公分， × 2 = 2 (平方公分)，(2 ∵)∴ =∴ 五边形= 1 2 −2= 144 −= 144 − = 2 公分， = 1 公分， 2 = 1 − 2 (公分)， 2 = 正方形 − △ − △ 2 − (1 − 2 )2 2 22 − (144 − 48 + 4 2)2 2 − 7 + 24 − 2 22= −3 2 + 24 + 7 =224. 【答案】 ∴ = 2∴ △ = 2 90 11 1−3( 2 − 8 + 42) + 7 + 3 × 12 6= −3( − 4)2 + 12 ，故当 = 4时，五边形 PQABR 有最大面积为 120 平方公分．【解析】(1)根据条件表示出 PD，从而得到△(2 分别求出正方形 ABCD 的面积，△ ，△)值时的 x 值．的面积；的面积，再作差求出五边形的面积，最后确定出取极此题是四边形综合题，主要考查了三角形面积的计算，五边形面积的计算方法，解本题的关键是三角形的面积的计算．。

北京市首都师范大学附属中学2024--2025学年上学期10月月考数学试卷一、单选题1．下列图案中，点O 为正方形的中心，阴影部分的两个三角形全等，则阴影部分的两个三角形关于点O 对称的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．2．若关于x 的一元二次方程2240x x a ++-=的一个根是0x =，则a 的值为（ ） A ．2 B ．2- C ．2或2- D ．123．如图，将ABC V 绕点A 顺时针旋转60︒得到AED △，若5AB =，4AC =，2BC =，则BE 的长为（ ）A ．5B ．4C ．3D ．2 4．将一元二次方程28100x x -+=通过配方转化为()2x a b +=的形式，下列结果中正确的是（ ）A ．()246x -=B ．()286x -=C ．()246x -=-D ．()2854x -= 5．如图，A ，B ，C ，D 是O e 上的点，12∠=∠，下列结论中错误的是（ ）A ．»»AB CD = B ．AC BD = C ．21COB ∠=∠ D ．»»AC BD= 6．如图，在55⨯正方形网格中，一条圆弧经过A 、B 、C 三点，那么»AC 所对的圆心角的大小是（ ）A ．60︒B ．75︒C ．80︒D ．90︒7．运动员将足球沿与地面成一定角度的方向踢出，足球飞行的路线可以看作是一条抛物线．不考虑空气阻力，足球距离地面的高度y （单位：m ）与足球被踢出后经过的时间x （单位：s ）近似满足函数关系()20y ax bx c a =++≠．下表记录了3个时刻的数据，其中17m <．可推断出足球飞行到最高点时，下列数据中最接近的时刻x 是（ ）A ．4.4B ．4.6C ．7.4D ．7.68．如图，ABC V 中，90C ∠=︒，CA CB =，将ABC V 绕AB 的中点O 倾时针旋转α︒得到()045DFE DF α<<V ，交AC 于点M EF ，交AB 于点N ，给出下面三个结论：①CM EN =；②点A ，C ，E ，B 四点共圆；③连接AD AE ，，则45DAE α∠=︒-︒．上述结论中所有正确结论的序号是（ ）A ．①②B ．①③C ．②③D ．①②③二、填空题9．点(3,2)-关于原点对称的点的坐标为．10．将抛物线23y x =向左平移1个单位长度得到的抛物线的解析式为 ．11．如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，A e 过原点O ，交y 轴，x 轴分别于点B C ，．若点B 的坐标为()0,65AB =，，则点C 的坐标为．12．如图，在ABC ∆中，65BAC ∠=︒，将ABC ∆绕点A 逆时针旋转，得到△AB C ''，连接C C '．若'CC A B ∥，则BAB '∠=︒．13．如图，点A B C D ，，，在圆上，90C ∠=︒，点D 为»AB 的中点，12AC DB BC ==，，的值为．14．已知直角三角形的直角边为a ，b ，斜边为c ．若4a b +=，则c 的最小值为．15．已知ABC V 内接于半径为3的O e ，若3BC =，则A ∠=．16．已知点()()121,,3,A y B y -在抛物线()25y x h =--+上． （1）若12,y y h <的取值范围是；（2）将抛物线上A ，B 两点之间（含A ，B 两点）的图象设为G ，若直线y k =与图象G 有两个交点，则k 的取值范围是．三、解答题17．解方程：2220x x --=．18．如图，在边长为1的正方形网格中，ABC V 的顶点都在格点上，将ABC V 绕点O 逆时针旋转一定角度后，点C 落在格点C '处．(1)旋转角为________°；(2)在图中画出旋转后的A B C '''V ，其中A B ''，分别是A B ，的对应点．19．关于x 的方程()24330x m x m -+++=．(1)求证：不论m 取何值，方程总有两个实数根；(2)若该方程有两个实数根12x x ，，且121x x -=，求m 的值．20．已知：如图，ABC V 为锐角三角形．求作：以BC 为一边的Rt MBC V ，使90MBC M A ∠=︒∠=∠，．作法：①作AC 边的垂直平分线DE ；②作BC 边的垂直平分线FG ，与直线DE 交于点O ；③以O 为圆心，OA 为半径作O e ；④连接CO 并延长，交O e 于点M ，连接BM ，MBC △即为所求作的三角形．(1)使用直尺和圆规，依作法补全图形（保留作图痕迹）；(2)完成下面的证明．证明：DE Q 是AC 的垂直平分线，FG 是BC 的垂直平分线，DE 与FG 交于点OOA OB OC ∴==∴点A ，B ，C 都在O e 上CM Q 为O e 的直径MBC ∴∠=①________°（②________）»»BCBC =Q M A ∴∠=∠（③________）MBC ∴V 即为所求作的三角形．注：②③请填写推理依据．21．如图，点A B C P ，，，在O e 上，120APB ∠=︒，PC 平分APB ∠．判断ABC V 的形状，并证明你的结论．22．如图，ABC V 中，45A B ∠=∠=︒．点D 在射线AB 上，31AB BD ==，．连接CD 分别过点C ，B 作CD AD ，的垂线，交于点E ，连接ED ，求ED 的长．23．已知抛物线2y ax bx =+（a ，b 是常数，0a ≠）的自变量x 与函数值y 的部分对应值如下表：(1)求抛物线的解析式和m 的值；(2)在给出的平面直角坐标系中画出函数图象，直接写出当12x -≤≤时，y 的取值范围． 24．如图，AB 为O e 的直径，弦CD 与AB 交于点E ，连接AC 、BD ，75C ∠=︒，45D ∠=︒．(1)求AEC ∠的度数；(2)若AC =CD 的长．25．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知抛物线()220y ax ax c a =-+≠．(1)若点()0,M x c 在抛物线上，直接写出0x 的值； (2)已知()()122,1,A a y B a y -+，和()3,C m y 是抛物线上的三点．当23m <<时，都有123y y y >>，求a 的取值范围．26．在ABC V 中，90AC BC ACB N =∠=︒，，为线段AB 的中点．P 为ABC V 外一点，45APB ∠=°．(1)如图1，当AP BP =时，求证：C N P ，，三点共线；(2)如图2，连接CP ，将其绕点C 顺时针旋转90︒得到线段CQ ，连接PQ PN ，． ①补全图形；②请用等式表示线段PQ 与PN 之间的数量关系，并证明．27．对于平面直角坐标系xOy 中的图形W ，直线l 和点G ，给出如下定义：先将图形W 沿直线l 对称后再将其绕点G 顺时针旋转60︒，称该变换为Ⅰ类变换；先将图形W 绕点G 顺时针旋转60︒再沿直线l 对称，称该变换为Ⅱ类变换；其中，称直线l 为“变换直线”，称点G 为“变换点”．(1)如图1，若“变换直线”为y 轴，“变换点”为 0,1 ，已知点()()0,1M N ，，则点)()()1230,10,0P P P -，，中，在线段MN 作Ⅰ类变换后得到的图形上的点有________； (2)若“变换直线”为y x =，点()1,0A -作Ⅰ类变换后与自身重合，求“变换点”的坐标；(3)若“变换直线”为y =，“变换点”为 2,0 ，以点(),0C t 为圆心作半径为2的C e ，已知x轴上存在点作Ⅰ类变换和Ⅱ变换后所得点都在C e 内，直接写出t 的取值范围．。

2020-2021北京高中校历作为一名高中生，掌握学校的校历对于我们规划学习和生活至关重要。

在这里，我将为大家详细解读2020-2021北京高中校历，以便同学们更好地安排自己的时间，提高学习效率。

首先，让我们了解一下2020-2021学年的学期安排。

根据校历，本学年共分为两个学期，分别为秋季学期和春季学期。

秋季学期起始时间为2020年9月初，结束时间为2021年1月底；春季学期起始时间为2021年2月底，结束时间为2021年7月初。

同学们可以根据学期时间安排自己的学习计划，确保在学业上取得优异成绩。

在节假日方面，根据我国法定节假日规定，2020-2021学年的主要节假日安排如下：国庆假期（10月1日至7日）、春节假期（农历新年前后）、寒假（2021年1月底至2月底）、端午节（农历五月初五）等。

此外，学校还会根据实际情况调整作息时间，同学们需关注学校通知，确保不错过重要节日。

接下来，我们来看看重要考试的时间表。

本学年期末考试将于2021年1月底进行，高二和高三年级的学生还需参加模拟考试。

具体考试时间和科目将根据学校安排公布，同学们需提前做好复习计划，迎接考试挑战。

此外，学校还会举办各类课外活动，如社团活动、文化节、运动会等。

这些活动将丰富同学们的校园生活，提升综合素质。

具体活动时间和内容请关注学校通知。

最后，请大家务必遵循校历安排，合理安排学习、生活和娱乐，确保在高中时光里不断提升自己。

祝愿各位同学学业有成，前程似锦！以上就是2020-2021北京高中校历的详细解读。

希望同学们能够充分利用这份校历，为自己的学习和生活制定合理规划，为实现梦想努力拼搏。

在校期间，同学们还需关注学校通知，随时调整自己的计划，确保高中生活充实、有意义。