翻译技巧-2
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英语知识3. 转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。
在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。
在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
如:(1) 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
(名词转动词)(3)由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) (4) I'm all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。
(介词转动词)(5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。
(动词转名词)(6)In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。
主语的选择①名词特性②搭配合理③主题突出④注意尾重⑤注意连贯①名词特性主语必须是名词,包括名词短语,名词性从句,也包括具有名词特性的-ing分词,动词不定式to do全球发展不平衡加剧。
Imbalance in global development has widened.求和平、谋发展、促和平已经成为各国人民的普遍愿望。
To promote peace, development and cooperation has become the shared aspiration of people across the world.建设生态文明,是关系人民福祉、民族未来的长远大计。
Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the People’s well-being and China’s future. (to do 也可以)②搭配合理上海豫园的九曲桥,景随步移,美不胜收,旅游小册子中有这样一句话:每一次转折都会看到不同的景色。
Every turning can see/admire/enjoy a different view. ???转折做主语吗?中文是话题为主的,汉语看上去是主语,实际在英文中不过是时间,是地点或是状语。
唐朝出现了真正意义上的中国传统园林建筑。
园林出现了在唐朝。
Traditional Chinese architecture in a real sense first emerged/appeared in the Tang Dynasty.宋朝发明了活版印刷术。
③主题突出第四十一届世博会规模为历届之最。
The scale of the 41st World Expo is the biggest of its kind???The 41st World Expo is the biggest of its kind in scale.中国古典园林规模大小不等。