重修班复习资料_阅读1
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Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies(双重等级): there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal(上诉), and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping(重叠), in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States. Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court--a court of general jurisdiction(审判权)-- in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties which the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause may appeal to the next higher court 26. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) Civil and criminal trial courts. B) Trial court cases. C) The court system in the United States. D) The appeal court process. 27. According to the passage district courts are known as ________. A) circuit courts B) supreme courts C) intermediate courts D) trial courts 28. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase "engaged in" could best be replaced ________. A) committed to B) involved in C) attentive to D) engrossed in 29. The passage indicates that litigants who lost their cases in the state trial court may take them to a ________. A) different trial court in the same state B) court in a different geographic region C) federal trial court D) state supreme court 30. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are ________.学院: ________________ 姓名: ________________ 学号: ________________ 任课教师: ______________ 考试科目: ________________- ------------------- ------------ ----------------------密封线-------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A) always appealedB) usually resolved in the district courtsC) always overlappingD) usually settled by the supreme courtPassage TwoQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Learning how to write is like taking a course in public speaking. I'd ask whether anyone in class had ever taken such a course. Invariably a few hands would go up."What did you learn in that course?" I'd ask."Well, the main thing was learning how to face an audience ... not to be inhibited(拘谨) ... not to be nervous ..."Exactly, when you take a course in public speaking nowadays, you don't hear much about grammar and vocabulary. Instead, you’re taught how not to be afraid or embarrassed, how to speak without a prepared script, how to read out to the live audience before you. Public speaking is a matter of overcoming your long-standing nervous inhibitions.The same is true of writing. The point of the whole thing is to overcome your nervous inhibitions, to break through the invisible barrier t hat separates you from the person who’ll read what you wrote. You must learn to sit in front of your typewriter or dictating machine and read out to the person at the other end of the line.Of course, in public speaking, with the audience right in front of you, the problem is easier. You can look at them and talk to them directly. In writing, you’re alone. It needs an effort of your experience or imagination to take hold of that other person and talk to him or her. But that effort is necessary--or at least it's necessary until you've reached the point when you quite naturally and unconsciously "talk on paper".31. The topic of the passage is ________.A) how to be a good writerB) how to be a good speakerC) how to express yourself with your wordsD) how to get rid of nervousness in public speaking32. The public speech course mainly teaches students ________.A) how to make an attractive speech using perfect grammar and vocabularyB) how to express themselves exactly and vividlyC) how to collect data needed and organize itD) how to get over their nervousness when making a speech.33. The similarity between making a public speech and writing is that ________.A) you have to do a lot of preparation work beforehandB) you should get over your nervous inhibitionsC) you should know grammar and vocabulary well to accomplish themD) both of them have audience34. In the opinion of the author, public speaking is much easier than writing because ________.A) public speaking requires less effort than writingB) it's unnecessary for you to write a lot for speech and you can say anything as you likeC) you face the audience directly in public speaking; while writing is otherwiseD) in public speaking, the audience has to listen to you whether they like it or not35. The author of this passage probably is a ________.A) boss B) politician C) writer D) professorPassage ThreeQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature - and - energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.36. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A) he is a lazy personB) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is lowD) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening37. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of the energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member's energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.38. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ________.A) change his energy cycleB) overcome his lazinessC) get up earlier than usualD) go to bed earlier39. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.A) help to keep your energy for the day's workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day.40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hour of day.C) Habit helps one adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record can apply for a credit card.If you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank that sponsors(经办) the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves you trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $ 16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit card companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their member annual dues(费用). The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company--a percentage of the purchase price of the merchandise or service. In turn, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments. However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting undue payments from unreliable customers. Also the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit(伪造的) credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers' account.41. The main purpose of this passage is ________.A) to promote the sale of credit cardsB) to persuade you not to buy credit cardsC) to explain credit card economyD) to give you some instructions on how to use the credit card42. Why are more and more people using credit cards?A) Because they are becoming richer and richer.B) Because everyone can apply for the credit card.C) Because it is cheap to buy goods by using a credit card.D) Because it is convenient for them to buy goods.43. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) With a credit card you can pay for purchases two months later.B) With a credit card you can charge the cost to your account.C) With a credit card you don't have to be worried about a thief.D) With the credit card you don’t have to worry about your final bill.44. In the passage, "Credit cards are big business" means thatA) credit card banks earn a lot of moneyB) credit cards are sold at a high priceC) every customer has bought a credit cardD) customers must pay a lot of money to the credit card companies45. The credit card companies have difficulties in ________.A) charging goods and services to their customers' accountB) gathering overdue paymentsC) finding the owners of lost credit cardsD) selling their cards。
