中考英语专项复习句子成分

句子成分专题学习目标:1.掌握不同的句子成分。

2.掌握五种基本句型结构。

3.掌握动词填空题的解题技巧。

一、句子成分概述【知识梳理】构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

除此之外还有插入语和感叹语。

批注：同位语在初中不做考查，也不需要学生掌握，有能力的学生做了解即可。

在讲解其他句子成分时可以适当让学生举例句。

【例题精讲】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1.The students got on the school bus. 主语2. He handed me the newspaper. 宾语3. I shall answer your question after class. 谓语4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 状语6. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.宾语补足语批注：这个例题主要是用来检验一下学生对句子成分的基本了解如何，让学生自己完成，判断画线的词所做的句子成分，由于同位语不需要掌握可以不设置题目。

【课堂练习】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1. The apples tasted sweet.（）2. His wish is to become a scientist.（）（）3. Tom came to ask me for advice.（）4. He found it important to learn English.（）（）5. Do you have anything else to say?（）答案：1.表语 2.主语表语 3.状语 4.形式宾语真正的宾语 5.定语二、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等定义【知识梳理】(1)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

中考英语复习之句⼦成分句⼦成分和基本句型句⼦是由词按照⼀定语法结构组成的，是能表达⼀个完整概念的语⾔单位。句⼦开头的第⼀个字母必须⼤写，结尾要有标点符号。组成句⼦的各个部分叫做句⼦的成分。主要包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补⾜语、定语和状语。句⼦依其各成分的组合⽅式可分为五种句型。这五种句型基本涵盖了英语中出现的所有句⼦形式。

典型例句：1.Birds fly. 主语+谓语2.She likes English. 主语+谓语+宾语3.They are honest. 主语+系动词+表语4.They gave Tom a present. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语5.I saw her dance. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补⾜语⼀、主语主语是在句⼦中说明全句中⼼主题的部分，⼀般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。主语⼀般位于句⾸。例句：

1. David is a musician. 名词作主语2. We study in No.1 Middle School. 代词作主语3. Swimming is good for you. 动名词作主语4. To teach them English is my job. 不定式作主语注意：1.不定式作主语时，常⽤形式主语it句型因此第4例句可变为：It’s my job to teach them English. (真正主语是to teach them English)⼆、谓语谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语是与主语密切相关的动作或状态，是对主语的叙述。谓语和主语在⼈称和数两⽅⾯必须⼀致。谓语通常在主语后⾯。例句：

1. David’s hobby is writing. (系表结构作2. We study hard. (实义动词作谓语)3. We have finished the work.(助动词和实义动词⼀起作谓语)4. He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词⼀起作谓语)三、表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，⼀般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。表语⼀般位于系动词之后。例句：

中考英语句子成分练习题20题(带答案)1. She often ______ (read) books in the library.A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read答案：B。

解析：在这个句子中，“She”是主语，表示执行动作的人；“often”是频度副词，用来修饰动词；“reads”是谓语动词，因为主语“She”是第三人称单数，一般现在时中，动词要用第三人称单数形式；“books”是宾语，是动作的对象；“in the library”是地点状语，表示动作发生的地点。

2. My mother bought me a beautiful dress. In this sentence, “a beautiful dress” is ______.A. subjectB. predicateC. objectD. attribute答案：C。

解析：在这个句子中，“My mother”是主语，是动作的执行者；“bought”是谓语动词，表示具体的动作；“me”是间接宾语；“a beautiful dress”是直接宾语，直接宾语是动作的直接承受者，在这里是“bought”这个动作的直接对象。

3. ______ is important for us to learn English well.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. He答案：A。

解析：在这个句子中，“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to learn English well”这个不定式短语。

这种结构是为了避免句子头重脚轻，英语中常用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

“for us”表示动作的执行者，在句子中作状语。

4. The boy under the tree is my brother. Here “under the tree” is ______.A. subjectB. predicateC. objectD. adverbial答案：D。

英语词性、句子成分以及句型结构一、英语词性的分类及用法词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。

1 名词noun n. stud ent 学生2 代词pronoun pron. you 你实词 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割6 数词numeral num. three 三7 冠词article art. a 一个8 介词preposition prep. at 在...虚词9 连词conjunction conj. and 和10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦实词：有实在意义，在句子中能独立承担句子成分，而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，实词有词形的变化，尤其是动词，可谓变化多端。

虚词：没有多少实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分，而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化。

前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。

1.名词(表示人或物名称的词)名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.专有名词是某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称，如Beijing, China, the United States,等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如: gun2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如: group注：(以上两类属于可数名词)3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如: work 注：(以上两类属于不可数名词)2.代词(代替名词的词)代词可以分为下列九类：1）人称代词：They are my school mates.2）物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other.3）反身代词：Take good care of yourselves.4）相互代词：We shoul d help each other.5）指示代词：Who are these peopl e?6）疑问代词：What are you d oing?7）关系代词：She married Li Lei, who is a stud ent too.8）连接代词：Do you know who did it?9）不定代词：Do you know anything about it?代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。

中考英语复习——句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

中考英语句子成分专项练习班级考号姓名总分基础巩固单项选择。

( ) 1.I visited the zoo last Sunday.A.主语B.谓语C.状语D.宾语( ) 2.I go to the movies once a week.A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语( ) 3.The food in the restaurant is delicious.A.表语B.宾语C.主语D.谓语( ) 4.It was raining hard when we arriveD.A.谓语B.表语C.主语D.宾语( ) 5.There are some volunteers in the park.A.表语B.宾语C.主语D.定语( ) 6.Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs.A.谓语B.宾语C.表语D.宾语补足语( ) 7.You should take an umbrella with you when you go out.A.谓语B.表语C.宾语D.定语( ) 8.There will be more forests for pandas to live in.A.定语B.表语C.主语D.宾语( ) 9.It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.A.形式主语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.真正主语( ) 10.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother's Day.A.直接宾语B.间接宾语C.表语D.状语( ) 11.The accident____on the morning of last Monday.A.was happenedB.was taken placeC.took placeD.happening( )12.Going hiking with a group of people makes me___.A.relaxingB.to relaxC.relaxD.have relaxed( ) 13.The house belongs to Mr Smith, but he__here any more.A.hasn't livedB.didn't liveC.wasn't livingD.doesn't live( ) 14.-I'm thirsty now.Could I have___hot water?-OK.Here you are.A.anyB.someC.littleD.no( )15.-When is the speech contest?-Oh.___Friday, September 29th.A.They'reB.It'sC.I'mD.She's难点突破一、单项选择。

中考英语语法总复习：九大句子成分（主谓宾定状补）构成篇章的基本单位是句子，每个句子是由词或短语构成的，这些词或短语便是句子成分。

不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。

句子成分、基本句型、句子种类、句子结构时英语句法的基础。

组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。

句子成分包括：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语（object complement）、主语补足语（subject complement）、定语（attribute）和状语（adverbial）等。

主语和谓语是句子的主题部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。

一、主语名词、代词，数词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。

1）名词或名词短语作主语例句：The instinct of a man is to pursue everything that flies from him,and to fly from all that pursue him.人的本能是追逐从他身边飞走的所有东西，却逃离追逐的东西。

例句：The Lord prefers common-looking people.That is the reason he makes so many of them.上帝喜欢长相平凡的人，所以他创造了这么多普通的人。

例句：A light wind woke among the trees.微风从林间掠过。

2）代词作主语例句：This is all I want.Nothing else.这就是我想要的全部，没别的。

例句：Who teaches you folk music ?谁教你们民间音乐？例句：We do not remember days;we remember moments.我们并不记得每一天；但我们记得某些时刻。

中考英语句子成分分析练习题20题(答案解析)1.I love apples.A.I（主语）B.love（谓语）C.apples（宾语）答案解析：A 选项“I”是句子的主语，表示动作的执行者；B 选项“love”是谓语动词，表示主语的动作；C 选项“apples”是宾语，是谓语动词的对象。

2.She is beautiful.A.She（主语）B.is（系动词）C.beautiful（表语）答案解析：A 选项“She”是主语；B 选项“is”是系动词；C 选项“beautiful”是表语，用来描述主语的状态。

3.We study English.A.We（主语）B.study（谓语）C.English（宾语）答案解析：A 选项“We”是主语；B 选项“study”是谓语动词；C 选项“English”是宾语，是动作的对象。

4.He runs fast.A.He（主语）B.runs（谓语）C.fast（状语）答案解析：A 选项“He”是主语；B 选项“runs”是谓语动词；C 选项“fast”是状语，修饰谓语动词。

5.They play basketball.A.They（主语）B.play（谓语）C.basketball（宾语）答案解析：A 选项“They”是主语；B 选项“play”是谓语动词；C 选项“basketball”是宾语。

6.I am a student.A.I（主语）B.am（系动词）C.a student（表语）答案解析：A 选项“I”是主语；B 选项“am”是系动词；C 选项“a student”是表语，描述主语的身份。

7.She sings well.A.She（主语）B.sings（谓语）C.well（状语）答案解析：A 选项“She”是主语；B 选项“sings”是谓语动词；C 选项“well”是状语，修饰谓语动词。

8.We read books.A.We（主语）B.read（谓语）C.books（宾语）答案解析：A 选项“We”是主语；B 选项“read”是谓语动词；C 选项“books”是宾语。

句子成分分析讲解--2013-5-1英语中，句子分为简单句和复合句【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它一般在句首。

如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它一般在主语后面。

如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。

句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的重要组成部分，定语和状语是次要组成部分。 主语 表示说明的对象，“是什么”或“是谁”，或动作的发出者，通常用名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任，一般放在句首，如： 1. The girl made some mistakes in the exam. 2. Who was on duty yesterday? 3. The post office is next to the bookstore. 4. To say is easier than to do. 5. Swimming is my favorite sport. 6. What he said made us surprised. 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、特征或状态，必须用动词表示（含助动词在内），通常放在主语后面，与主语在人称和数两个方面要保持一致，动词类型较多，如连系动词、实义动词、感官动词、情态动词等，如： 7. The performance has already begun. 8. He felt so happy that he laughed loudly. 9. Her father is a zoo keeper. 10. What are they doing in the park? 11. My mother can look after the baby well. 表语 表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，表语主要放在连系动词后, 如： 12. Mr Smith is a lawyer. 13. The rice got burned. 14. The trees turn yellow in autumn. 15. The fish soup smells delicious. 16. My job is cleaning / to clean the house. 17. The trouble is that we need more food and drink. 宾语 宾语是及物动词所表示动作的对象或介词的对象。名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语及从句都可以作宾语。宾语一般放在谓语动词或介词之后。 18. I prefer tea to coffee. 19. Let’s cheer him up. 20. She didn’t know what to do next. 21. The foreigner enjoys living in China. 22. Mary showed us a few photos. 23. Do you know who Father Christmas is? 24. Jerry kept me waiting for a long time. 状语 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，位置一般放在句末，但也可以放在句首或句中，如： 25. The drunk man drove the car fast. 26. Beihai Park is very beautiful. 27. There is a house at the foot of the hill. 28. To save the boy, the soldier died. 29. Seeing his mother, the baby stops crying. 30. Unfortunately, it was raining heavily when he was leaving for work. 定语 定语用于修饰名词或代词，可充当定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及定语从句等等，位置很灵活，如： 31. The blue car is Jeff’s. 32. Is this your bike? 33. I made him a model plane. 34. The man in a black suit is Jim’s father. 35. I have a lot of homework to do today. 36. The girl (who is) singing on the stage is my sister. 简单句 简单句有五种基本句型（S: subject 主语; V: verb 谓语, 分为及物动词和不及物动词; O: object 宾语; P: predicative 表语; OC: object complement 宾补; IO: indirect object 间接宾语; DO: direct object 直接宾语），如： 1. The bear is sleeping in a tree. 2. The train arrived late. 3. The rain stopped later in the afternoon. 4. The meeting will begin at eight. 5. May I turn up the radio? 6. I enjoy listening to the classical music. 7. The girl wants to ask a question. 8. He said he couldn’t come to my party. 9. My friends gave me many presents. 10. She gave me a ticket for that film. 11. Please pass the dictionary to me. 12. I will bring you the book next time. 13. It takes me an hour to get there. 14. She is a doctor. 15. The soup tastes delicious. 16. The weather is getting colder. 17. Mr Green became a volunteer last year. 18. Your idea sounded reasonable. 19. Your job is to help the old. 20. The songs which the Beatles sang are very popular nowadays. 21. They named the girl Sara. 22. I found the students confused. 23. I saw them performing on the stage. 24. He was seen to enter the room.