2.王守仁《英国文学选读》(第二版)复习笔记

第23单元 A.S.拜厄特23.1复习笔记Antonia Susan Byatt(1936-)(A.S.拜厄特)1.Life(生平)Antonia Susan Byatt,a prominent author,was born in Sheffield,north England, in1936.She studied at Newnham College,Cambridge and Somerville College, Oxford.After graduation,she taught in London University and the Central School of Art and Design.She became a full-time lecturer in English and American Literature at University College London,1972.In1983,she resigned and devoted herself to literary creation.She has served on the judging panels for a number of literary prizes,including the Booker Prize for Fiction,and is recognised as a distinguished critic,contributing regularly to journals and newspapers.Her most successful book, Possession:A Romance,won the Booker Prize for Fiction.A.S.Byatt was appointed CBE in1990and DBE in1999.In2002she was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation,Hamburg,in recognition of her contribution to British culture.A.S.拜厄特于1936年出生于英格兰北部的谢菲尔德市，是英国当代杰出的女作家。

王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第2单元威廉第2单元威廉?莎士比亚2.1复习笔记William Shakespeare（1564-1616）（威廉·莎士比亚）1.Life（生平）Shakespeare is the most remarkable playwright and poet.He was born on April 26,1564in Stratford-upon-Avon.At the age of7,Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school where he was taught reading,writing,Latin and Greek.He was a schoolmaster in the country and became well acquainted with theatrical performances.At18he married a farmer’s daughter who was eight years older than him.After he moved to London around1586,he once worked as an actor,a playwright,and a part owner of a theater company.In1612,he went back home and bought a house called New Palace.He died on April23,the anniversary of his birth,in1616and was buried in Stratford Church.The other famous contemporary writer Ben Jonson praised that“He is not for an age,but for all times!”,indicating the prominent position of Shakespeare in world civilization and literature history.莎士比亚是世界最著名的剧作家和诗人。

第2单元威廉•莎士比亚2.1复习笔记William Shakespeare（1564-1616）（威廉·莎士比亚）1.Life（生平）Shakespeare is the most remarkable playwright and poet.He was born on April 26,1564in Stratford-upon-Avon.At the age of7,Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school where he was taught reading,writing,Latin and Greek.He was a schoolmaster in the country and became well acquainted with theatrical performances.At18he married a farmer’s daughter who was eight years older than him.After he moved to London around1586,he once worked as an actor,a playwright,and a part owner of a theater company.In1612,he went back home and bought a house called New Palace.He died on April23,the anniversary of his birth,in1616and was buried in Stratford Church.The other famous contemporary writer Ben Jonson praised that“He is not for an age,but for all times!”,indicating the prominent position of Shakespeare in world civilization and literature history.莎士比亚是世界最著名的剧作家和诗人。

第25单元格雷厄姆•斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。

第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。

他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。

他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。

乔叟知识渊博。

他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。

他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。

第3单元弗朗西斯•培根3.1复习笔记Francis Bacon（1561-1626）（弗朗西斯·培根）1.Life（生平）Bacon was an English philosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,jurist,author and the father of empiricism and modern science.Bacon was born in a noble family, son of Sir Nicholas Bacon.In1573,he entered Trinity College,Cambridge.After graduating at16he took up law.He completed his legal education and was called to the bar.At23,he became a member of the House of Commons.During the reign of James I,Bacon was appointed Lord High Chancellor,the head of the legal system of England and made a peer with the titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St Alban. But three years later,he was accused of bribery and was deprived of his office and banished from London.In his after years,he focused on philosophy and science.培根是英国著名的哲学家、政治家、科学家、律师、法官、作家，被称为“经验主义和现代科学之父”。

第5单元冒险小说作家5.1复习笔记1.Daniel Defoe（1660-1731）（丹尼尔·笛福）(1)Life（生平）Daniel Defoe was born in London,the son of a butcher named Foe,and later added the aristocratic prefix.Defoe was a kind of jack-of-all-trades.He was a merchant,soldier,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,publicist and novelist.He is also a radical nonconformist in religion.His remarkable pamphlet supporting the free churches led to an imprisonment.After his release in1704,he entered the government employed as a kind of spy or secret–service agent.At60, he turned to fiction,later gained enough fame and fortune,and retired to Newington where he lived in comfort.Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest practitioners of the novel,as he helped to popularize the form in Britain,and is even referred to as the founder of the English novel.丹尼尔·笛福生于伦敦，父亲是个姓福的肉商，后来他给自己的姓加上了贵族前缀。

第20单元多丽丝•莱辛20.1复习笔记Doris Lessing（1919-2013）（多丽斯·莱辛）1.Life（生平）Doris May Lessing,English novelist and short-story writer,was born in1919in Iran,where his father was a captain in the English army.In1925,when she was five years old,her family moved to a farm in Rhodesia(now Zimbabwe)of Africa.Her childhood was spent in isolation and loneliness,to overcome which she read the great novels of19th-century European literature.She actively participated in the struggle against racial discrimination and white men’s oppression of the black people.Lessing won the Nobel Prize for Literature in2007.多丽丝·莱辛，英国小说家和短篇故事作家，于1919年生于伊朗，父亲在英国军队里是上尉。

1925年，他们举家迁往非洲的罗德西亚（现津巴布韦）。

莱辛在那里的生活是孤独的，为了避免孤独，她开始读19世纪英国小说。

她积极参加反对种族歧视和白人镇压黑人的斗争。

莱辛于2007年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

2.Major Works（主要作品）The Grass is Singing（1950）《野草在歌唱》This Was the Old Chief’s Country（1951）《这原是老酋长的国度》Children of Violence（1952-1969）《暴力的儿女》The Golden Notebook（1962）《金色笔记》The Summer Before the Dark（1973）《黑暗前的夏天》Canopus in Argos:Archives（1979-1983）《南船星系中的老人星座：档案》The Good Terrorist（1985）《好恐怖分子》The Fifth Child（1988）《第五个孩子》3.Selected works（选读作品）◆A Woman on a Roof《屋顶丽人》The story happens in London:a woman,who is taking sun bath,comes into notice of the three men who are mending the house not far from her.The men try to strike up a conversation with her,but no matter what they do,the woman pays no attention to them.The plot of the story is very simple,but it has very profound meanings.The woman,who is lying on the roof,becomes the gazing object of the men. And it reveals that female becomes gazing objects of male in the modern society. This story also reveals the conflicts between classes in England.The woman represents the relatively upper class,while the three working men represent the lower hard-working class.《屋顶丽人》故事发生在伦敦，一个女人在屋顶晒日光浴，引起近处三个修房工人的注意。

第18单元爱德华•摩根•福斯特18.1 复习笔记E.M. Forster （1879-1970）（爱德华·摩根·福斯特）1. Life （生平）Edward Morgan Forster, novelist, essayist, critic, was born in a middle-class family of London. His father was an architect and died when he was only a boy. He was brought up by his aunts. Forster studied at Cambridge University, where he enjoyed a sense of liberation. On leaving Cambridge, Forster decided to devote his life to writing. He traveled in Europe, lived in Italy and Egypt, and spent a few years in India.爱德华·摩根·福斯特是小说家，散文家和评论家。

他出生于伦敦中产家庭。

父亲是一位建筑师，福斯特还小时就离世。

福斯特由姑姑养大。

他先在一所公立学校接受教育，后进入剑桥。

离开剑桥后他决定投身写作事业。

他游历了欧洲，在意大利和埃及居住过，并在印度度过几年时光。

2. Major Works of Forster （福斯特主要作品）Where Angels Fear to Tread （1905）《天使不敢涉足的地方》The Longest Journey （1907）《最长的旅行》A Room with a View（1908）《一间看得见风景的房间》Howards End （1910）《霍华兹别墅》A Passage to India （1924）《印度之行》Aspects of the Novel（1927）《小说面面观》3. Selected works （选读作品）◆The Road from Colonus《离开科罗诺斯之路》Mr. Lucas, an old Englishman, he always dreamt of visiting Greece. As in declining health, he decided to go there with his daughter. Occasionally, Mr. Lucas found a mysterious great old hollow tree. He decides not to leave, and says he plans to stay at an inn near the old tree, but the others are horrified, and force him to leave with them. Back in England, sometime later, Ethel is now about to be married. Mr. Lucas has become a perpetually disgruntled old man, complaining about everything. Then a gift arrives from a friend in Greece, wrapped in a Greek newspaper. In it Ethel reads the news that on the night they left, the old tree was blown down, and fell on the family who kept the inn nearby, killing them all. Ethel is upset, and says how lucky it was that they hadn’t stayed there that night, calling it a “marvellous deliverance,” but Mr. Lucas dismisses the story without interest. He no longer cares.The Road from Colonus reveals the relationships between different generations and has a vivid description of the loneliness and helplessness of the old people.故事主人公卢卡斯先生与女儿埃塞尔去希腊路行途中，偶然在科罗诺斯发现一处树穴，让他领悟到前所未有的生活真谛，因此他很想在大树附近的小旅店住下，不肯与其他英国游客一起离开。

王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第25单元格雷厄姆第25单元格雷厄姆?斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。

第13单元现代剧作家13.1复习笔记1.Oscar Wilde（1854-1900）（奥斯卡·王尔德）(1)Life（生平）Oscar Wilde,a dramatist,poet,novelist and essayist,was born in Dublin, Ireland.His father was an eminent surgeon and his mother was a clever woman with intellectual pretentions.He proved a brilliant student at Trinity College,Oxford, where he became a disciple of Walter Pater.In1879,he settled in London,and soon won a reputation both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of“art for art’s sake”.He soon became the leader of the Aesthetic movement.奥斯卡·王尔德是个戏剧家、诗人、小说家和散文家。

他出生在爱尔兰的都柏林。

他的父亲十一位出色的外科医生，他的母亲也是个聪明的人。

他是牛津大学一名优秀的学生，师从沃特·佩特。

1879年他定居伦敦。

并成为一名有名的作家和“为艺术而艺术”学派的代言人，紧接着成为美学运动的领导者。

(2)Major Works（主要作品）The Picture of Dorian Gray（1891）《道林·格雷的画像》Lady Windermere’s Fan（1892）《温德米尔夫人的扇子》A Woman of No Importance（1893）《一个无足轻重的女人》An Ideal Husband（1895）《理想的丈夫》The Importance of Being Earnest（1895）《认真的重要性》(3)Selected Works（选读作品）◆The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff both pretend to be called Ernest in order to secure the affections of Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew.The girls are led to think first that they are engaged to the same man and then that neither is really Ernest.The ensuing confusions are resolved when it is discovered that Jack was indeed so named.The play derives force from a brilliant fabric of epigram and paradox.In the last scene,Jake said“I’ve now realised for the first time in my life the Vital Importance of Being Earnest”.两个花花公子杰克和阿尔杰农都化名“欧内斯特”向各自喜欢的女孩求爱。

王守仁《英国⽂学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第10单元查尔斯第10单元查尔斯?狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens（1812-1870）（查尔斯·狄更斯）1.Life（⽣平）Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realism.In 1812,he was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire.When he was11, the family was put in prison for reason of debt.Dickens was forced to work ten-hour days at Warren’s Blacking Warehouse.The suffering childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1896,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,Pickwick Papers appeared in front of the readers. This novel brought him great fame.The rest of his life was a succession of works without rest.查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批评现实主义最杰出的代表。

查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出⽣于朴茨茅斯的⼀个⼩职员家庭。

11岁时，由于⽗亲⽋债，⼀家⼈都被关进了债务监狱。

⽽狄更斯也不得不在⼀家⽪鞋油作坊做童⼯，每天⼯作⼗个⼩时。

童年的苦难⽣活为他以后的创作提供了素材。

1896年，他的第⼀部书《博兹随笔》出版，同年《匹克威克外传》⾯世。

第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens（1812-1870）（查尔斯·狄更斯）1.Life（生平）Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realism.In 1812,he was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire.When he was11, the family was put in prison for reason of debt.Dickens was forced to work ten-hour days at Warren’s Blacking Warehouse.The suffering childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1896,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,Pickwick Papers appeared in front of the readers. This novel brought him great fame.The rest of his life was a succession of works without rest.查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批评现实主义最杰出的代表。

查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。

11岁时，由于父亲欠债，一家人都被关进了债务监狱。

而狄更斯也不得不在一家皮鞋油作坊做童工，每天工作十个小时。

童年的苦难生活为他以后的创作提供了素材。

1896年，他的第一部书《博兹随笔》出版，同年《匹克威克外传》面世。

这本书使他一举成名。

在之后的人生里，狄更斯笔耕不辍。

第24单元V.S.奈保尔24.1复习笔记Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul(1932-)(V.S.奈保尔)1.Life(生平)Naipaul was born in Chaguanas,Trinidad and Tobago,to parents of Indian descent.He was educated at Queen’s Royal College,Trinidad.In1950,he won a government scholarship to University College,Oxford to study literature.After graduation,he worked briefly for the BBC as an editor for the“Caribbean Voices”program.His first three books are comic portraits of Trinidadian society.The Mystic Masseur won the Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize in1958.His Miguel Street,a collection of short stories,won a Somerset Maugham Award.Subsequent novels developed more political themes and he began to write about colonial and post-colonial societies in the process of decolonization.In1989,he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth.Naipaul won Nobel Prize for Literature in2001“for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”.奈保尔出生于岛国特里尼达和多巴哥的查瓜那斯，是印度婆罗门的后裔。

第9单元夏洛蒂•勃朗特9.1复习笔记Charlotte Brontë（1816-1855）（夏洛蒂·勃朗特）1.Life（生平）Charlotte Brontëwas born in Thornton in1816,Yorkshire.Her mother died when she was only5years old.When she was8years old,she and her sisters were sent to the Clergy Daughters school.Bad food and poor living conditions aggravated the ill-health of the two eldest girls,then Emily and Charlotte were removed from school and spent their childhood in Yorkshire.At the age of15, Charlotte went away once more to school,to Roe Head for a year,and became a teacher in some schools.In1842,her aunt provided her and Emily with money to go to Brussels t study French and German.Her experience in Italy encouraged her to express herself,which helped her to write.夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个乡村牧师家庭。

母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进柯文桥女子寄宿学校。

在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐玛丽亚和伊丽莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。

第15单元20世纪英国诗人（1）15.1 复习笔记1. T. S. Eliot （1888-1965）（T. S. 艾略特）(1) Life （生平）Thomas Stearns Eliot, poet, dramatist and critic, was born in Saint Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. He studied at Harvard. He went to Europe and studied at Oxford and the Sorbonne in Paris, where he made himself familiar with the Symbolist poets. During his studies, he mastered French, Italian and English literatures, as well as the ancient India philosophy and literature. After settling in England, Eliot worked as a school teacher, and then as a bank clerk. He associated with Yeats and Ezra Pound, who encouraged him to write poetry. In 1927 he became a British subject and joined the Church of England.托马斯·史登斯·艾略特，诗人、剧作家兼评论家，出生于美国密苏里州圣路易斯，就学于哈弗大学。

后去欧洲，先后在牛津大学和巴黎大学深造，结交了象征主义诗人。

学习期间，研读了法国、意大利和英国文学以及古印度哲学与文学。

定居英国后，他当过教师和银行职员，同时与叶芝和庞德交往，他们鼓励艾略特进行诗歌创作。

第11单元维多利亚时代的诗人11.1复习笔记1.Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生）(1)Life（生平）Alfred Tennyson,the most important poet of the Victorian Age,was born in 1809,the fourth son of a clergyman.The boy showed an early interest and talent in poetic composition.In1827he went to Cambridge.He and his brother published Poems by Two Brothers,which attracted the attention of“apostles”,a group of undergraduate literary club led by Arthur Henry Hallam,who later became Tennyson’s closest friend.His Poems in1842won Tennyson first critical success.In 1850,with the publication of In Memoriam A.H.H.,which is a tribute to Hallam,he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth and remained in this position until he died at83years old.In1884he was awarded a baronetcy.In1892 he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey.阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生是维多利亚时期最重要的诗人。