王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第17单元 现代主义小说家(2))【圣才出品】

第8单元浪漫主义诗人（2）George Gordon ByronShe Walks in Beauty1.What is the colour of the lady’s dress?How do you know?Key:The lady’s dress is black.Because“She walks in beauty,like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies”.We can see that she is dressed in black and looks like the dark night.2.What does“their dwelling place”refer to in the last line of the second stanza? Key:It refers to the lady’s face.“Or softly lightens o’er her face;/Where thoughts serenely sweet express/How pure,how dear their dwelling-place.”From these lines,we can know that“their”refers to“thoughts’”.3.Where are the lady’s winning smiles?How do they appear to the poet?Key:The winning smiles are on the lady’s face and over her brow.The poet observes the woman’s tints on the face,so he figures out the smile on it.When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home1.What should a man fight for according to the poet?Key:According to the poet,a man should fight for glories and freedom.“Let himthink of the glories of Greece and of Rome”,“Then battle for freedom wherever you can”.2.What is the difference between this man in Byron’s poem and a hero in your mind?Key:In my mind,a hero should only think about others and forget about his own life and glories.However,in this poem,the man is seeking for rewards and is thinking about being knighted if he can live through the war.“And is always as nobly requited”,“And,if not shot or hang’d,you’ll get knighted”.Percy Bysshe Shelly1.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?Key:The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind.The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation.It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere,and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring.The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.2.What is the relationship between the West Wind and the poet?Key:The poet admires and envies the West Wind very much.He admires the West Wind because it is very powerful,and he envies the West Wind because it is free from any restriction.The poet wants to be like the West Wind,which becomes the symbol of power and freedom.What’s more,the poet appeals to the West Wind to infuse him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.3.As“the trumpet of prophecy,”what does the West Wind predict in physical reality?How do you understand it symbolically?Key:The West Wind predicts that the cold winter is coming.The West Wind symbolizes a kind of revolutionary power and spirit.It destroys the old and builds up the new.It predicts the winter is nearby,thus the spring is not far behind.In a deeper sense,it predicts that the bright future is not far away.John Keats1.Describe,in your own words,the scenes on the Grecian urn.Who are they in the pictures?And what are they doing?Key:There are two scenes on the Grecian urn.The first scene describes the fair youth under the tree tying to kiss his lover,but he cannot.The second scene is that people are coming to the sacrifice on the morning of a special day.2.Who is the speaker of the last two lines in the ode?Key:I think the speaker is the urn.However,it clearly conveys the poet’s ides of beauty and truth.ment on the epigram"beauty is truth,truth beauty".Key:I agree that truth is beauty,but I cannot agree that beauty is truth.Truth is always real,charming and beautiful,so,we can say that truth is beauty.However, beauty is not always true,especially with the development of technology,some artificial beauty emerges,such as artificial flowers,artificial plants,and even artificial noses and eyes…they are also beautiful,but they are not real.。

1. Heroic Couplet:A rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often “closed”, containing a complete thought, there being a fairly heavy pause at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or antithesis within a line, or between the two lines.2. Dramatic monologue is a type of poem writing style in which a character, at some specific and critical moment, addresses an identifiable but silent audience, thereby unintentionally revealing his or her essential temperament and personality.（是一种诗的写作形式，是使一个角色在一些特殊的决定性时刻作为可辨认的但沉默的观众，由此无意的显示他或她的基本脾性。

）3. Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always iambic pentameters. It has been described as "probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the 16th century.4. Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.5. Sonnet（十四行诗）: an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, was introduced to England from Italy。

第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense,Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world,maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’tknow what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated. However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability,so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection? Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love canprotect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”, because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part, he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.。

第23单元 A.S.拜厄特23.1复习笔记Antonia Susan Byatt(1936-)(A.S.拜厄特)1.Life(生平)Antonia Susan Byatt,a prominent author,was born in Sheffield,north England, in1936.She studied at Newnham College,Cambridge and Somerville College, Oxford.After graduation,she taught in London University and the Central School of Art and Design.She became a full-time lecturer in English and American Literature at University College London,1972.In1983,she resigned and devoted herself to literary creation.She has served on the judging panels for a number of literary prizes,including the Booker Prize for Fiction,and is recognised as a distinguished critic,contributing regularly to journals and newspapers.Her most successful book, Possession:A Romance,won the Booker Prize for Fiction.A.S.Byatt was appointed CBE in1990and DBE in1999.In2002she was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation,Hamburg,in recognition of her contribution to British culture.A.S.拜厄特于1936年出生于英格兰北部的谢菲尔德市，是英国当代杰出的女作家。

第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。

第16单元现代主义小说家（1）James Joyce1.What is the significance of the title of the story?Key:“Araby”means bazaar,a real marketplace on the outskirt of Dublin in Joyce’s childhood.But because of the suggestion of Mangan’s sister,and that the boy promises to buy something for her,the“Araby”becomes a land of romance to the boy and arouses his great excitement and passions for going there.He takes it as an ideal land and place of heart’s desire to realize his romantic and beautiful dream.But when he arrives at the bazaar,it is all dark and almost closed,and he cannot find anything worth buying for the girl.The boy’s dream is shattered completely.In this sense,we can say that the title reveals the themes of the story.2.What are the chief qualities of the boy’s character?Key:The boy is growing up with innocence,shyness and sensitivity.He cherishes wonderful dreams towards love and beauty.However,he is not mature enough to understand what true love is and how to express his feelings to the girl he likes. Eventually,his dreams are disillusioned.He is lonely and somewhat of social withdrawal,because from some detailed descriptions in the story we can see that most of the time he likes observing rather than taking part in what the other boys do on the street.3.Is anything gained by the boy through his frustration and humiliation?Key:Yes,he gains something through his frustration and humiliation.This journey to Araby becomes a journey of his self-realization and epiphany.At the end of the story,he realizes that the reality is cruel and harsh in which his dreams can never come true.He is upset and disappointed very much.He begins to understand the world and the society in a more mature way.Virginia Woolf1.How does Woolf present Mrs.Dalloway to the reader?Key:At the very beginning of the novel,Woolf presents Mrs.Dalloway by the narrator’s reporting(转述)of her speech that“she would buy the flowers herself”.In the following passages,Woolf introduces Mrs.Dalloway by revealing her thoughts and consciousness in a very subtle way.2.What is the function of Big Ben?Key:The Big Ben is the symbol of time and it indicates the passage of time.In the novel,time is the underlying narrative clue and Woolf uses both the physical(物理的)and psychological(心理的)time to draw forth Clarissa Dalloway’s consciousness and thoughts of her experiences at different time.Time plays an important role in the unfolding of the whole novel.。

第13单元现代剧作家13.1复习笔记Oscar Wilde(1854-1900)(奥斯卡·王尔德)1.Life(生平)Oscar Wilde,a dramatist,poet,novelist and essayist,was born in Dublin, Ireland.After majoring in classical studies at Trinity College,Dublin,he won a scholarship to Oxford,where he proved a brilliant student and became a disciple of Walter Pater.In1879,he settled in London,and soon won a reputation both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of"art for art’s sake".He soon became the leader of the“aesthetic movement”.Wilde is a witty conversationalist and dandy.In1895,he was charged of a homosexual relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas;Wilde recklessly sued for libel,but lost the case and was arrested and sent to prison for two years.As a result,the public strongly detested him and the aesthetic movement suffered a severe setback.After leaving the jail,Wilde was divorced and declared bankrupt.As a ruined man,he immigrated to France and lived out his last three years under a pseudo name with the financial support from his friends.He was buried in Paris in the same cemetery as the poet Charles Baudelaire.奥斯卡·王尔德是个戏剧家、诗人、小说家和散文家。

目　录第1单元　杰弗里·乔叟1.1　复习笔记1.2　课后习题详解1.3　考研真题与典型题详解第2单元　威廉·莎士比亚2.1　复习笔记2.2　课后习题详解2.3　考研真题与典型题详解第3单元　弗朗西斯·培根3.1　复习笔记3.2　课后习题详解3.3　考研真题与典型题详解第4单元　17世纪英国诗人4.1　复习笔记4.2　课后习题详解4.3　考研真题与典型题详解第5单元　冒险小说作家5.1　复习笔记5.2　课后习题详解5.3　考研真题与典型题详解第6单元　浪漫主义诗人(1)6.1　复习笔记6.2　课后习题详解6.3　考研真题与典型题详解第7单元　简·奥斯汀7.1　复习笔记7.2　课后习题详解7.3　考研真题与典型题详解第8单元　浪漫主义诗人(2)8.1　复习笔记8.2　课后习题详解8.3　考研真题与典型题详解第9单元　夏洛蒂·勃朗特9.1　复习笔记9.2　课后习题详解9.3　考研真题与典型题详解第10单元　查尔斯·狄更斯10.1　复习笔记10.2　课后习题详解10.3　考研真题与典型题详解第11单元　维多利亚时代的诗人11.1　复习笔记11.2　课后习题详解11.3　考研真题与典型题详解第12单元　托马斯·哈代12.1　复习笔记12.2　课后习题详解12.3　考研真题与典型题详解第13单元　现代剧作家13.1　复习笔记13.2　课后习题详解13.3　考研真题与典型题详解第14单元　约瑟夫·康拉德14.1　复习笔记14.2　课后习题详解14.3　考研真题与典型题详解第15单元　20世纪英国诗人(1) 15.1　复习笔记15.2　课后习题详解15.3　考研真题与典型题详解第16单元　现代主义小说家(1)16.1　复习笔记16.2　课后习题详解16.3　考研真题与典型题详解第17单元　现代主义小说家(2) 17.1　复习笔记17.2　课后习题详解17.3　考研真题与典型题详解第18单元　E. M. 福斯特18.1　复习笔记18.2　课后习题详解18.3　考研真题与典型题详解第19单元　威廉·戈尔丁19.1　复习笔记19.2　课后习题详解19.3　考研真题与典型题详解第20单元　多丽斯·莱辛20.1　复习笔记20.2　课后习题详解20.3　考研真题与典型题详解第21单元　约翰·福尔斯21.1　复习笔记21.2　课后习题详解21.3　考研真题与典型题详解第22单元　20世纪英国诗人(2) 22.1　复习笔记22.2　课后习题详解22.3　考研真题与典型题详解第23单元　A. S. 拜厄特23.1　复习笔记23.2　课后习题详解23.3　考研真题与典型题详解第24单元　V. S. 奈保尔24.1　复习笔记24.2　课后习题详解24.3　考研真题与典型题详解第25单元　格雷厄姆·斯维夫特25.1　复习笔记25.2　课后习题详解25.3　考研真题与典型题详解第26单元　石黑一雄26.1　复习笔记26.2　课后习题详解26.3　考研真题与典型题详解第27单元　伊恩·麦克尤恩27.1　复习笔记27.2　课后习题详解27.3　考研真题与典型题详解第28单元　朱利安·巴恩斯28.1　复习笔记28.2　课后习题详解28.3　考研真题与典型题详解第1单元　杰弗里·乔叟1.1　复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1. Life (生平)Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in W estminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。

第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.How is the setting of the tales described?With such a setting,could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?Key:(1)Chaucer sets the tales in the spring,describing both the natural world and people—the natural world shows a kind of renewal and rebirth,and people begin to stir after the long sleep of winter.Chaucer’s description of the landscape is lively(欢快的)and fresh(清新的),since he speaks of budding flowers,growing crops and singing birds.(2)According to such a setting,we can predict that the general tone of the tales will be light,sprightly(活泼的、愉快的)and humorous.2.In your own words,summarize the character of the Knight from the brief introduction in this excerpt.Key:According to the excerpt,we can see that the Knight has followed chivalry—truth,honor,freedom and courtesy. He had fought many battles for the faith of people.He is a brave,wise,modest and“truly perfect gentle-knight”.3.Without comparison with the translated version,are there words still recognizable to you in the original Middle English version?Key:Yes,there are many words can be recognized.Because many words only contain few different letters compared with the modern words.What’s more,sometimes,we can recognize the words by guess or by the sense-group.第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense, Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world, maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated.However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability, so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action. Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other,they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love can protect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”,because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part,he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.第3单元弗朗西斯•培根Of Marriage and Single Life1.Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?Key:Sometimes,marriage can be an impediment,and sometimes,it can help one develop his or her career as well, because it depends on the quality of the marriage.As the saying goes“A peaceful family will prosper”,so we can say that husbands and wives can benefit a lot from good marriages,while a terrible marriage will ruin both sides.In a good marriage,husband and wife will be happier,and they will help and encourage each other,which will be good for their careers.On the contrary,in an unhappy marriage,husband and wife usually quarrel a lot and things tend to be worse.2.In what sense are wife and children“a kind of discipline of humanity”?Key:A single man has no others to think about,so he is likely to think of himself and spend a lot of money on himself. What’s more,he tends to take any risk if he wants to,for he does not need to be responsible for anyone.However,a married man cannot be so go-as-you-please,because he has wife and children,and he must be responsible for them. Furthermore,he has to work hard to fulfill his wife and children’s expectation.He becomes a loving man,who not only loves his wife and children,but also loves others.A loving husband and a qualified father can contribute the greatest merit to the public to a large extent.In this sense,we can say that wife and children are“a kind of discipline of humanity”.3.Bacon prefers marriage to single life.Do you find his arguments convincing?Key:Yes,I think Bacon’s arguments are convincing.He proves his points by comparison.He clearly points out the disadvantages of single life and the advantages of marriage.For instance,a single person only cares about himself,and does not pay attention to the future;a married man tends to become responsible,tender,enthusiastic and warm-hearted. As the sentence goes“wives are young men’s mistresses,companions for middle age,and old men’s nurses”which means that when a man is young,his wife can make many decisions and arrangements for the family;when he comes to middle age,wife always stays with him as a companion;when he becomes old,wife will take care of him till the end of life.Even though a woman marries a bad husband,marriage offers a chance for husband to correct themselves. These points all are reasonable,which make Bacon’s arguments very convincing.Of Study1.We are now living in the age of“information explosion”.What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s“Of Studies”in our access to information?Key:According to Bacon’s opinion:“studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience”.We should combine theory and practice together.That is,practicing what we have learned is quite important.Bacon’s idea that“some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.”also teaches us to use different methods of reading in terms of the quality and content of the book.When we face information,we should do some selections rather than easily trust them all.More importantly,we should have an independent mind.2.In what sense does reading make a full man?Key:As Bacon says“Histories make men wise,poets,witty;the mathematics,subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral, grave;logic and rhetoric,able to contend”,we can know that different books and subjects have their different influences on people.Some books can make people wiser and make fewer mistakes;some books can make people wittier and more sensible to beauty;some books can make people think in a more scientific and accurate way…So reading can cultivate and better a man.In this sense,reading makes a full man.第4单元17世纪英国诗人The Flea1.Why does the poet say that"this cannot be said a sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead"?Key:Because it is the flea that sucked their blood and made them mingled together,they are not sinful or shameful, and the man’s beloved does not loss her maidenhead.The flea has joined them together in a way that“alas,is more than we would do”.2.What do you think is the addressee’s parents’attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Key:The addressee’s parents’attitude is against the poet’s wooing.3.What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea"thou"are actually killing three lives?Key:The poet compares the killing of the flea to murder.He thinks that if his beloved kills the flea,he and she would be killed within the flea.He even states that the act of killing the flea would be“sacrilege”.If the lover denies the fact that their blood and therefore their lives are contained within the flea,it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to acknowledge that their closeness within the flea is allowable.The importunate lover wishes his mistress to understand that she should accept his wooing because there is nothing wrong with the unity of two people. Holy Sonnet101.Why does the poet say that death is the“slave to fate,chance,kings and desperate men”?Key:Because for the most part,fate,chance,kings and desperate men can threaten some people with Death when they like to,and by this way,Death is exploited and may be forced to do what it does not want to.In this sense,death is a slave.2.What does the poet mean when he says“we wake eternally”after one short sleep?Key:The poet was a priest and he believed that the soul of men would never die.After death,men would enter another world and lived forever.In this sense,after death,men“wake eternally”.John Milton1.Where are the serpent(“the”in line51)and his followers condemned after their defeat?Key:The serpent and his followers are condemned into the hell by God.2.What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines59-74?Key:Those rebellious angels are sent into the horrible dungeon filled with flames,darkness,floods and whirlwinds,in which there is no peace,rest or hope,but full of sorrow and torture.3.What is considered by Satan as“ignominy”and“shame”(line ll5)?Key:Satan considers that“To bow and sue for grace/With suppliant knee,and deify his power/Who from the terror of this arm so late/Doubted his empire-that were low indeed”is“ignominy and shame”.That is,he thinks that it is shameful to bow to God to ask for grace and forgiveness.4.What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?Key:Satan advices the serpent and his followers to fight against God.第5单元冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing?Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?Key:Yes,I think it is convincing.Crusoe takes everything into his consideration and makes sure his shelter is comfortable and safe.He takes advantage of the natural resources.Perhaps,there is no way to build a better one than his.2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time?Why is it important for him to keep track of time?Key:I think it’s a good way.The reason is that Crusoe is a civilized man and time is very valuable to him.In fact,he represents the hard-working middle class,and has the sense of working hard and cherishing time.3.From this excerpt,what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Key:From this excerpt,we can find many admirable characteristics in Robinson Crusoe.He is adventurous,practical, thoughtful,hard-working,brave,shrewd,energetic,optimistic,strong-minded and kind-hearted…Under the special circumstance,Crusoe shows many good and valuable qualities of human beings.Jonathan Swift1.In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliver’s Travels?Comment on the Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings.Key:Both human beings and Yahoos are warlike,greedy,jealous,gluttonous and filthy…What’s more,they eat everything that they can find no matter the food is good or bad for them;they would be sick because of nastiness and greediness;they would suffer from depression because of their idleness;the female Yahoos have nasty qualities,such as lewdness,coquetry,censure and scandal.Yahoos and human beings have many features in common.The Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings is critical,malicious and objective.They are not slandering,for human beings indeed have all the defects that the Houyhnhnms have mentioned.It seems that they know about human beings clearly and they compare Yahoos and humankind in a very elaborative way.Their points of view are very convincing.2.What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?Key:Yahoos and Houyhnhnms represent the evil human nature and good qualities of humankind respectively.第6单元浪漫主义诗人（1）William BlakeThe Lamb1.Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb?What is the relation of the lamb and the child to God?Key:The poem describes the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb by which shows the gentleness and tenderness of the lamb.The lamb is the symbol of the child to the God.It shows the love of God that he creates the lamb and Jesus is often called the lamb of the God.So,the poem not only appreciates the kindness of the lamb but also praise the mysterious power which creates the lamb.In this sense,God,Jesus and the lamb combine together.2.What does the Lamb stand for?Key:The Lamb stands for Jesus Christ,who was offered by God as the final sacrifice for the sins of humankind.The Lamb and Jesus have virtues in common:gentleness,tenderness,kindness and compassion.So,the Lamb also stands for these good attributes.The Tiger1.Why does the poet mention the Lamb?Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?Key:The Tiger is corresponding to The Lamb.Both the poems show the poet’s exploration,understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation.In this poem,the poet implies that the Tiger as well as the Lamb are both created by God. So the Tiger and the Lamb share the same creator and have some kind of relationship.Yes,I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other.The lamb represents the kind and gentle humanities,but it lacks the motivation to make progress.While the tiger will cause the social misery,unrest or even disruption,but it can stimulate people’s creativity.So the tiger becomes the symbol of strength and courage.In this sense,the Tiger and the Lamb can illuminate each other.2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger?What idea does the poet want to express?Key:The tiger symbolizes the God’s power in creation and it becomes the embodiment of beauty,strength,vitality and complexity.The poet’s idea is that God not only create the kind lamb but also create the tough tiger.So God is mysterious and complicated and nobody can indeed know about God.The Sick Rose1.In what sense do you think the rose is“sick”?Key:On a superficial and literal level,the rose is invaded by the worm and become sick.On a deeper level,the“sick”rose has several symbolic meanings:a)the rose symbolizes young girls,and the worm refers to impure love of men, which defiles the girls’chastity.Thus,the girls are destroyed.b)The rose symbolizes the toiling masses that are under the exploitation and oppression of the capitalism represented by the worm.It means that there is something wrong with the whole social system.c)The rose symbolizes the soul and spirit of man,while the worm symbolizes the ugly and evil aspects of humanity.The rose is“sick”,because that innocence is replaced by experience,and the virtues are replaced by the evil as well.2.Should there be any symbolic meanings for the night and the storm?If so,what meanings would you suggest? Key:Yes,there are some symbolic meanings for the night and the storm.Based on the symbolic meanings of the rose and the worm,we can find that the night and the storm symbolize the deceit and impure love of men,the progress of capitalism and the process of gaining experience.Robert Burns。

第17单元现代主义小说家(2)17.1复习笔记wrence(1885-1930)(D.H.劳伦斯)1.Life(生平)Born in Eastwood Nottinghamshire,David Herbert Lawrence was a prolific writer.His output includes poems,stories,novelettes,novels,plays,literary criticism, essays and travel books.His father was a coal-miner.His mother was a middle-class woman and a school teacher,who had a deep influence upon his life.He studied for two years at Nottingham University College,where he acquired his teacher’s certificate in1908.From1908to1912,he taught in a school.In1914,Lawrence married Frieda von Richthofen,a German noblewoman and the ex-wife of a professor at Nottingham University.During the World WarⅠ,Frieda’s German origin and Lawrence’s objection to the war cause them trouble with the authorities. Frustrated,Lawrence sought refuge in many wrence died of tuberculosis in France,at44.戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯是个多产的作家。