暨南大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试

考试科目： 食品化学
共 4 页，第 4 页
2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
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招生专业与代码：食品科学、粮食油脂及蛋白质工程、食品工程
考试科目名称及代码：食品化学（826）
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
1 名词解释（每题3分，共15分） 1.定向酯交换 2.低甲氧基果胶 3.酶抑制剂 4.香气值 5.解吸等温线
二、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）
1. 在1~2%的食盐水溶液中，添加7~10%的蔗糖溶液，则咸味的强度会减弱，甚至消失 ,这种现象称为味的（ ）。 A 对比现象 B 相乘作用 C 消杀作用 D 变调作用
6.在150℃加热时，下列哪种物质可与天冬氨酸发生美拉德反应？（ ） A 蔗糖 B 乳糖 C 果糖 D 麦芽糖 7.关于天然脂肪酸,下列说法错误的是（ ）。 A绝大多数是直链的偶数碳 B碳链长度范围从4碳到38碳 C天然多烯酸的双键一般都是被亚甲基隔开的 D天然不饱和脂肪酸都是顺式结构 8.豆腐皮(腐竹)的制作主要体现了蛋白质的______加工性质。 A 起泡性 B 乳化性 C 组织化 D 水合性 9.畜产品的肌肉中最主要的蛋白质是（ ）。 A 肌红蛋白 B 肌原纤维蛋白 C 基质蛋白 D 胶原蛋白 10. 下列哪种酶对水果果汁有澄清作用（ ）。 A 果胶酶 B 蛋白酶 C多酚氧化酶 D 葡萄糖氧化酶
2.下列味感与其对应基准物搭配不当的一组是（ ）。 A 苦味--奎宁 B 咸味--氯化钠 C酸味--柠檬酸 D 甜味--果糖

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码：100701药物化学、100702药剂学、100704药物分析学、100705微生物与生化药学、100706药理学、1007Z1 天然药物化学100800 中药学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

本卷满分300分，由有机化学（150分）和生物化学（150分）两部分组成。

第一部分：生物化学（150分）一、名词解释（6×5＝30分）1.模序【暨仁师兄解析】：也称模体，在许多蛋白质分子中，可以发现2 到 3 个具有二级结构的肽段，在空间上互相接近，形成一个具有特殊功能的空间结构，称为蛋白质的“模序”。

一个模序总有其特异的氨基酸序列，发挥特殊的功能，例如“锌指结构”（zinc finger），此模体由一个α-螺旋和两个反平行的β-折叠三个肽段组成，形似手指，具有结合锌离子的功能。

模体的特征性空间结构使其特殊功能的结构基础。

【考点提示】：本题考点是超二级结构。

2.染色质改型【暨仁师兄解析】：染色体透过增加又改变结构，减少或增加基因与蛋质接触，从而控制基因表现。

【考点提示】：3.底物-酶的邻近效应【暨仁师兄解析】：指酶与底物结合形成中间复合物以后，使底物和底物之间，酶的催化基团与底物之间结合于同一分子而使有效浓度得以极大的升高，从而使反应速率大大增加的一种效应。

【考点提示】：本题考点是酶的作用机制。

另外了解酶的定向效应。

4.增强子【暨仁师兄解析】：DNA上一小段可与蛋白质结合的区域，与蛋白质结合之后，基因的转录作用将会加强。

增强子可能位于基因上游，也可能位于下游。

且不一定接近所要作用的基因，甚至不一定与基因位于同一染色体。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）*******************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4. Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory thatglobal forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body _________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way ____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialismsthey couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort －for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－lack of food warmth, shelter－would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clintonsigned a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use suchsystematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？　A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.　B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.　C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to　A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.　B. Identify a problem.　C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？　A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.　B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.　C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not.　D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decisionanalysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as faras possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similar meaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people.Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those。

考试科目： 光 学
共 2 页，第 1
页
8、 将波长为 λ 的单色平行光垂直透射于一个宽度为 a 的狭缝，若对应于夫琅禾费单缝衍射
的 第二级暗斑最小值位置的衍射角 θ 为 π/6, 则缝宽 a 的大小为：
A. λ/2 B. λ C. 2λ D. 4λ
9、 在牛顿环实验装置中，曲率半径为 R 的平凸透镜与平玻璃板在中心恰好接触，它们之间
5. 单色光垂直入射到两块平板玻璃形成的空气劈尖上，当劈尖角度逐渐减小时，干涉条纹如
何变化：
A. 干涉条纹朝向劈尖方向移动，不同条纹的移动速度不同
么这条光路的光程的改变量是多少?
A. 2nd B. 2(n-1)d C. nd D. (n-1)d
二、计算简答题（请给出解答或分析过程，本大题共 100 分，第 1 题 25 分，第 2 题 15 分， 第 3 题 20 分，第 4 题 20 分，第 5 题 20 分）
1. （1）真空中，波长为 600 nm 的光波所对应的频率是多少？（2）此波长附近，一个波 长带宽为 0.1 nm 的信号所对应的的频率带宽是多少？（3）用此光源用于杨氏双缝干涉 实验，狭缝间距为 5 mm， 双缝到屏幕的距离 L=2 m，试计算条纹间距? （4）折射率 为 1.6，厚度 t 为 3 μm 的透光片覆盖在其中一个狭缝上，那么此干涉条纹将移动多少个 条纹间距 （真空中，C=3x108 m/s）
A. 反射光的 s 分量为零
B. 反射光的 p 分量为零
C. 透射光为线偏振光
D. 反射光与入射光夹角为 90 度
2. 一对偏振片前后放置，其起偏方向呈 45 度角，当光强为 I 的自然光通过这对偏振片后，光
强可能变为：
A. I/12 B. I/8 C. I/4 D. I/2

请根据数据资料回答以下问题：
（1）2016 年至 2018 年广东省年均总人口数是多少？（3 分）
（2）2018 年广东省年末总人口数的定基发展速度（以 2015 年为基期）和
环比增长速度是多少？（6 分）
（3）根据 2015 年至 2018 年资料，运用水平法计算广东省年末总人口数的
平均增长速度，并依此预测 2020 年的年末总人口数。（6 分）
（3）计算该企业第三季度的月平均劳动生产率。
2.某养殖场共有成年绵羊 1000 只，现从中随机不放回抽选 100 只测量其体重，经过 分组后发现其体重数据分布如下：
体重
绵羊数量
40kg 以下
10
40-45kg
20
45-50kg
40
50-55kg
20
55kg 及以上
10
合计
100
根据上述资料：
（1）请在 95.45%的置信度下，估计该养殖场 1000 只绵羊平均体重的区间范围。 （2）若上述条件不变，将抽样极限误差放宽到 2kg，在 95.45%的置信度下再做一 次抽样调查，需要抽取多少只羊？
3.某市场销售甲、乙、丙三种产品销售情况如下表（价格均为元/单位）：
1.某企业 2018 年部分月份的总产值和职工人数相关资料如下：
月份
7 8 9 10 11 12
总产值(万元)
300 310 350 380 370 400
月初职工人数(人) 102 106 108 110 108 109
要求：
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
（1）计算该企业第四季度的总产值月平均增长速度；
（2）计算该企业第三季度的月平均总产值；
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

2020年暨南大学硕士研究生入学考试349药学综合考试大纲A. <<生物化学>>部分目录I．考察目标II．考试形式和试卷结构III．考查范围IV．试题示例I．考查目标要求考生比较系统地掌握生物化学课程的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法，能够运用所学的基本原理和方法分析、判断和解决有关理论和实际问题。

II．考试形式和试卷结构一、《生物化学》部分分数“药学综合”试卷满分300分（其中<<生物化学>>部分150分），考试时间共180分钟。

二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试，考生独立完成考试内容。

三、试卷内容结构生物化学基本概念、基本原理、实验技能120分生物化学综合应用30分四、试卷题型结构名词解释20分是非判断题20分选择题30分简答题50分综合题30分Ⅲ.考查范围生物化学【考查目标】1.掌握生物化学课程的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法2.能够运用所学的基本原理和方法分析、判断和解决有关理论和实际问题。

一、蛋白质的结构与功能（一）蛋白质的分子组成（二）蛋白质的分子结构（三）蛋白质结构与功能的关系（四）蛋白质的理化性质及其分离纯化二、核酸的结构与功能（一）核酸的化学组成（二）核酸的一级结构（三）DNA的空同结构与功能（四）RNA的空间结构与功能（五）核酸的理化性质及其应用三、酶（一）酶的分子结构与功能（二）酶促反应的特点与机制（三）酶促反应动力学（四）酶的调节（五）酶的命名与分类四、糖代谢（一）糖类概念及其功能（二）糖的无氧分解（三）糖的有氧氧化（四）磷酸戊糖途径（五）糖原的合成与分解（六）糖异生（七）血糖及其调节五、脂类代谢（一）脂类的消化和吸收（二）甘油三酯代谢（三）磷脂的代谢（四）胆固醇代谢六、生物氧化（一）生成ATP的氧化体系（二）其他氧化体系七、氨基酸代谢（一）蛋白质的营养作用（二）蛋白质的消化、吸收与腐败（三）氨基酸的一般代谢（四）氨的代谢（五）个别氨基酸的代谢八、核苷酸代谢（一）嘌呤核苷酸代谢（二）嘧啶棱苷酸代谢九、物质代谢的联系与调节（一）物质代谢的特点（二）物质代谢的相互联系（三）组织、器官的代谢特点及联系（四）代谢调节十、DNA的生物合成(复制)（一）半保留复制（二）DNA复制的酶学（三）DNA生物台成过程（四）DNA损伤(突变)与修复（五）逆转录现象和逆转录酶十一、RNA的生物合成(转录)（一）模板和酶（二）转录过程（三）真核生物的转录后修饰十二、蛋白质的生物合成(翻译)（一）参与蛋白质生物合成的物质（二）蛋白质的生物合成过程（三）翻译后加工（四）蛋白质生物合成的干扰和抑制十三、基因表达调控（一）基因表达调控基本概念与原理（二）原核基因转录调节（三）真核基因转录调节IV．试题示例一、名词解释（5×4＝20分）1. 蛋白质构象……5. 操纵子二、是非判断题（20×1＝20分）1.从热力学上讲蛋白质分子最稳定的构象是自由能最低时的构象。

D. p=p->prev; p->next=p->next->next; p->next->prev=p;
15. 在一个具有 V 个顶点的有向连通图中，若所有顶点的入度数之和为 N，所有顶点的出度
之和为 M，则以下说法正确的是（ ）。
A．V=(M+N)/2
B．M>V
C．M=N
D．N>V
二、填空题(每空 2 分，共 20 分)
A. 64WS3
B. 4W36S
C. 6W34S
D. WS436
6. 在管理城市道路交通网络据时，最适合采用（ ）数据结构来对其进行存储。
A．有向图
B．无向图
C．树
D．矩阵
7. 具有 k 个顶点的完全有向图的边数为( )。
A. k(k-1)
B. k(k-1)/2
C. k2-1
D. k2+1
8. 若线性表最常用的操作是增加或者删除某个元素, 则采用( )存储方式节省时间.
D. 采用更好的地址冲突解决方法
11. 以下数据结构中哪一个是非线性结构？( )
A. 队列
B. 栈
C. 线性表
D. 二叉树
12. 对于一个整数集合{11，37，29，55，80，46，73，17}进行散列存储时，若选用函数
H（K）= K %9 作为散列(哈希)函数，则散列地址为 1 的元素有（ ）个。
A. 2h
B. 2h-1
C. 2h+1
D. 2h-1
3. 用单向链表来实现容量为 n 的堆栈时，链表头指针指向堆栈顶部元素，链表尾指针指向堆
栈底部元素，则以下说法错误的是( )
A. 入栈操作的复杂度为 O(1)

2020年暨南大学723基础医学综合考研真题
2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码：
基础医学综合723
【暨南大学简介】
暨南大学（Jinan University），简称“暨大”，本部位于广东省广州市，是直属中央统战部领导，教育部、统战部、广东省三方共建大学；是国家“双一流”，国家“211工程”建设高校；入选国家“985平台”、“111计划”、“2011计划”、卓越医生教育培养计划、卓越法律人才教育培养计划、国家大学生创新性实验计划、国家级大学生创新创业训练计划、教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地、国家大学生文化素质教育基地、国家对外汉语教学基地、国务院侨办华文教育基地、国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、新工科研究与实践项目、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校、全国首批深化创新创业教育改革示范高校；为粤港澳大湾区物流与供应链创新联盟理事单位；是全国首批试行学分制的高校。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
********************************************************************************************
学科、专业名称：政治经济学、西方经济学、世界经济、人口资源与环境经济学、国民经济学、区域经济学、财政学、金融学、国际贸易学、劳动经济学、数量经济学、统计学、产业
经济学、劳动经济学
研究方向：
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、选择题（共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）
1. 某人消费若干数量的商品，如果他对该商品的需求收入弹性为3，需求价格弹性为-2，那么当价格下降5%且同时收入也下降3%时，他对该商品的需求量将（）
A. 不变
B. 增加
C. 减少
D. 以上情况皆有可能
2. 无差异曲线为一条斜率为负的直线，说明（）
A. 商品是完全替代的
B. 边际效用递减
C. 偏好是非凸的
D. 偏好不满足传递性
3. 一个垄断企业以12美元的价格可销售8单位产品，以13美元的价格可销售7单位产品，则与第8单位产品对应的边际收益是（）
A. 5美元
B. 12美元
C. 1美元
D. 6美元
4. 适合采取“薄利多销”定价策略的商品是（）
A. 农产品
B. 生活必需品
C. 富有弹性的商品
D. 单位弹性商品
5. 当生产函数Q=F(L)的AP（平均产出）为正且递减时，MP（边际产出）可以是（）
A. 递减且大于AP
B. 递减且小于AP
C. 递增且大于AP。

4. 增强子
5. 必需脂肪酸
6. 翻译起始复合物
二、是非判断题（正确打√，错误打×，10×2＝20 分） 1. 盐析法可使蛋白质沉淀，但不引起变性，所以盐析法常用于蛋白质的分离制备。
（） 2. DNA 和 RNA 的合成方向都是 5’到 3’。（ ） 3. 核糖体上负责与空载 tRNA 结合的位点是 E 位点。（ ） 4. DNA 变性的实质是多核苷酸链解聚。（ ）
A. T 的 C2 上有氨基，U 的 C2 上有氧
B. T 的 C5 上有甲基，U 的 C5 上无甲基
C. T 的 C2 上有氧，U 的 C2 上无氧
D. T 的 C4 上有氧，U 的 C4 上无氧
3. 某一符合米氏方程的酶，当[S]=2Km 时，其反应速度 V 等于：（ ）
A. Vmax
B. 2/3Vmax
9、下列化合物酸性最强的是 ( )
A. 对甲氧基苯酚； B. 对硝基苯酚； C. 邻甲氧基苯酚； D. 邻硝基苯酚
10、D(+)-甘油醛经温和氧化生成甘油酸，实验证实其为左旋，新化合物的名称为（ ）
A. D(+)-甘油酸 B. L(+)-甘油酸 C. D(-)-甘油酸 D. L(-)-甘油酸
11、下列化合物，含手性碳原子的化合物是（ ）
第二部分：有机化学（150 分） 五、选择题，可能不只一个答案（20 小题，每小题 3 分，共 60 分） 1、三萜类化合物含有几个异戊二烯单元?（ ） A. 1.5 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12 2、下列化合物中，具有芳香性的是（ ）
3、下列化合物中最不易进行亲电加成反应的是？（ ）
A. CH3CH=CHCHO B. CH3CH=CHCH3 C. CH2=CHCl 4、用于鉴别糖是否具有还原性的化学试剂是（ ）

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码：政治学0302考试科目名称及代码：国际关系史 B 805考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、简答题（每题20分，共80分）1. 简述《门罗宣言》的主要内容和影响。

2. 简述第一次世界大战爆发的原因。

3. 简述朝鲜战争对国际关系的影响。

4. 简述不结盟运动的形成及其影响。

二、论述题（每题35分，共70分）1. 论述冷战终结的原因。

2. 论述东盟成立的原因、发展过程及影响。

考试科目：国际关系史 B 共 1 页，第 1 页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码：政治学0302考试科目名称及代码：国际关系史 A 805考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、简答题（每题20分，共80分）1. 简述19世纪大陆联盟体系的解体及影响。

2. 简述1954年日内瓦会议召开的背景、过程及意义。

3. 简述非洲联盟的建立及影响。

4. 简述恐怖主义的概念与类型。

二、论述题（每题35分，共70分）1. 分析美国“门户开放”政策提出的背景、主要内容及影响。

2. 试析经济全球化对国际政治格局的影响。

考试科目：国际关系史 A 共 1 页，第 1 页。

ITY
2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
*******************************今*今**************************************************今*****今*
招生专业与代码：071300生态学
1、物种多样性有哪些梯度特征？
2、简述调控群落结构的生物因素。
3、解释热带地区物种多样性高于温带和极地的学说有哪些？
4、根据栖息环境和进化对策，可将生物分成哪两种生殖对策类型，各自有何特征？
5、简述指数种群增长模型和逻辑斯谛种群增长模型的区别，并说明逻辑斯谛模型中参数的生物学意义。
三、论述题（3小题X20分/小题，共60分）
1、试分析全球气候变暖的主要人为因素，并阐述气候变暖对水生态系统会产生哪些深远影响。
2、分别阐述影响陆地生态系统和水生态系统初级生产的主要因子有哪些？
3、人类活动可造成水生态系统不同程度退化。针对不同退化程度的水生态系统，谈谈该如何保护。
考试科目名称及代码：714基础生态学
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、名词解释（10小题X4分/小题，共40分）
1、生物圈；2、限制因子；3、优势种；4、种间竞争；5、演替；6、生态系统7、
异养生态系统；8、捕食作用；9、净初级生产量；10、耐受性定律
二、简答题（5小题X10分/小题，共50分）

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************招生专业及代码：080501 材料物理与化学、080502材料学、080503 材料加工工程、0805Z1生物材料、085204材料工程（专业学位）考试科目级代码：821材料综合考生请注意：《材料综合》满分150分，考卷包括A《基础化学》、B《材料科学基础》两项内容。

请根据自己的专业背景和未来拟从事的专业研究方向，只能从A、B两项中任选其中一项作答，如果两项都做，仅记A项的成绩。

A、基础化学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、是非题（判断下列叙述是否正确，正确的在括号中画√，错误的画×）（共10小题，每小题1分，共计10分）（）1．参比电极的内充液叫参比溶液。

（）2．将氨水的浓度加水稀释一倍，则溶液中的OH-浓度减小到原来的二分之一。

（）3．拉乌尔定律只适用于非电解质溶液，对电解质溶液毫无意义。

（）4．状态函数的变化值仅与过程的始、终态有关，而与途径无关。

（）5．1 L水中加入0.01 mol·L-1 HAc和0.01 mol·L-1 NaAc各一滴可使溶液具有缓冲作用。

（）6．H2和O2在绝热密封钢筒中反应生成水的反应焓变为零。

（）7．只有金属离子才能作为配合物的中心原子。

（）8．电子云是高速运动的电子在原子核外所形成的云。

>0，该反应是不能自发进行的。

（）9．反应的Δr Gm（）10．sp3杂化是指1个s电子与3个p电子的杂化。

二、 填空题（共10小题，每空1分，共20分）1．某弱酸HA ，当浓度为0.015 mol·L -1时解离度为0.80%，浓度为0.10 mol·L -1时解离度为 。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：世界史060300考试科目名称及代码：世界史基础729考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

满分300分，考试时间180分钟一、名词解释（共8小题，每小题10分，共80分）1. 罗塞达石碑2. 三一区3. 李锡尼-绥克斯图法案4. 《人权宣言》5. “普鲁士道路”6. 新经济政策7. 啤酒馆暴动8. “新东方政策”二、简答题（共3小题，每小题20分，共60分）1. 简述罗马帝国的“3世纪危机”表现在哪些方面。

2. 简述彼得一世行政改革的主要措施。

3. 简述罗斯福新政的主要内容。

三、材料分析题（共2小题，每小题30分，共60分）1. 阅读下列材料，并结合所学知识回答问题：“踏上去圣墓的征途吧；从邪恶的民族手中夺回那片土地，使它为你们所有。

……那片土地比其他任何地方都物产丰富，就像人间的欢乐天堂。

”“凡动身前往的人，假如在途中，不论在陆地或海上，或在反异教徒的战争中失去生命的，他们的罪愆将在那一瞬间获得赦免，并得到天国永不朽灭的荣耀。

”——教宗乌尔班二世的演说问题：（1）材料中所说的“圣墓”指的是哪里？（3分）“邪恶的民族”指的是哪个民族？（3）（2）上述材料直接体现了十字军东征哪些方面的动因？（12分）除此以外，十字军东征还有哪些原因？（12分）2. 阅读下列材料，并结合所学知识回答问题：“第六，在纳粹暴政被最后消灭之后，他们希望建立和平，使所有国家能够在它们境内安然自存，并保障所有地方的所有人在免于恐惧和不虞匮乏的自由中，安度他们的一生”。

“第八，他们相信，世界上所有国家，为了现实的和精神上的理由，必须放弃使用武力。

如果那些在国境外从事或可能以侵略相威胁的国家继续使用陆海空武器装备，则未来的和平将无法维持；所以他们相信，在一个更普遍和更持久的全面安全体系建立之前，解除这些国家的武装是必要的。

9．缓冲溶液的缓冲比为____时，缓冲能力最强。
10．[Pt(NH3)2Cl4]命名为_____________，配体是__________，配位数是________。
三、 单项选择题（选择正确答案的序号填入括号内）（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分）
（ ）1. 在乙醇的水溶液中，所含有的分子间作用力包括
（ ）8．电子云是高速运动的电子在原子核外所形成的云。
（
）9．反应的
ΔrG
m
>0，该反应是不能自发进行的。
（ ）10．sp3 杂化是指 1 个 s 电子与 3 个 p 电子的杂化。
考试科目：材料综合
共 8 页，第 1 页
二、 填空题（共 10 小题，每空 1 分，共 20 分）
1．某弱酸 HA，当浓度为 0.015 mol·L-1 时解离度为 0.80%，浓度为 0.10 mol·L-1 时解离度为
（ ）6. 电解食盐水，在阴、阳电极上产生的分别是
考试科目：材料综合
共 8 页，第 2 页
A. 金属钠、氯气 C. 氢氧化钠、氯气
B. 氢气、氯气 D. 氢氧化钠、氧气
（ ）7. 下列说法正确的是 A. 重复测定能够发现和减少系统误差 B. 对照实验是检查偶然误差的最有效的方法 C. 随着测定次数增加，偶然误差将会趋于零 D. 作空白实验，可消除试剂、蒸馏水等造成的误差
（ ）4．状态函数的变化值仅与过程的始、终态有关，而与途径无关。 （ ）5．1 L 水中加入 0.01 mol·L-1 HAc 和 0.01 mol·L-1 NaAc 各一滴可使溶液具有缓冲作用。
（ ）6．H2 和 O2 在绝热密封钢筒中反应生成水的反应焓变为零。 （ ）7．只有金属离子才能作为配合物的中心原子。

有关。
5.在哈希查找方法中，要解决两方面的问题，它们是
和
6. 循环队列中，Q.rear == Q.front表示循环队列空，表示循环队列满的条件是
。 。
三、 简答题（共 3 小题，每题 7 分，共 21 分） 1. 将下面的森林转换为二叉树（3 分），并给出该二叉树的中序线索链表（4 分）。
A
C
G
B
不付韶华 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
四、 编写算法（共 2 小题，每题 10 分，共 20 分） 1. 试编写一个算法完成下面的功能：对于输入的任意一个非负十进制整数，输出与其等值的 八进制数。（10 分）
2. 试编写一个算法，在有向图 G 中，判定从顶点 Vi 到顶点 Vj 是否有通路。（10 分）
081203、电子信息(专业学位) 085400
考试科目名称及代码：计算机基础综合 848
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
第一部分 数据结构（75 分）
一、 单项选择题(每题 2 分，共 20 分)
1. 含有 m 个结点的二叉树链式存储结构中空指针的个数为 ( )。
二、 填空题(每空 2 分，共 14 分)
1. 已知一棵二叉树的中序遍历序列为GDHBAECIF，后序遍历序列为GHDBEIFCA，那么先序遍历序
列为
。
2. 若某记录的关键字序列是（491，77，572，16，996，101，863，258，689，325），以第一
个关键字为枢轴，写出采用快速排序算法第一趟排序的结果
E
F
D
H
2. 设 Huffman 编码的长度不超过 4，若已对两个字符编码为 01 和 11，则最多还可以对多少个

4. （12 分）证明：对 x 0, 函数 f (x) x (t t2 )sin2n tdt 有一个上界为
1
.
0
(2n 3)(2n 2)
5. （12 分）非极值点的稳定点称为鞍点. 证明：二元函数 f (x, y) x y sin x 的全体鞍点组
成的集合与整数集 可建立一一映射.
********************************************************************************* 题目结束
2
y2
,(x, y) (0,0)
，其中 m 为正整数， a 为实数.
设
f (x, y) 在
a, (x, y) (0,0)
(0,0) 点处的方向导数的个数为 n ，试讨论 n 与 m 和 a 的关系.
四、证明题（共 5 小题，共 55 分）
1. （10 分）证明：函数项级数 x enx2 在 上连续.
3. 用含参量积分计算 2 0
2 tan x
dx .
三、讨论分析题（共 2 小题，每小题 10 分，共 20 分）
考试科目： 709 数学分析
共 2 页，第 1 页
1. 设 k ，试问 k 为何值时，方程 arctan x kx 0无正实根.
2xm y
2. 已知函数
f (x, y)
x
x 0
(1
1)t t
e
dt
.
x
ln x
4. 求积分 arctan x dx .
x (1 x)
5. 用三重积分求椭球体V (x, y, z)
3
x2 a2
y2 b2
z2 c2