商务英语语言学_王立非.ppt

Unit 2Part OneI. Topic-related WordsSuggested answervegetable: bean cauliflower lettuce spinach peastarchy food: cereal pasta spaghetti bread pastryseasoning: pepper lemon onionways of preparing/cooking: mince scram poach fry bake deep fry grill boil stewconcerns for nutrition/healthy diet: antioxidant carbohydrate fat protein vitamins veggieeffect of food when served: delectable edible bland unappealing grease palatable aromaIII. Listen, Watch and DiscussKey1.the right food2.boiled potatoes, chips, semi-skimmed milk, whole milk3.water, felt stronger and didn’t get sick so often4.rice, fish, vegetables5.contradictory, the list of ingredients on the chocolate bar wrapper, need6.the benefits of each dish and drinkTranscriptWhen I was at school, our teacher told the class “You are what you eat.” My friends and I would laugh and call each other “hamburger” and “biscuits.” Our teacher was trying to show us the importance of eating the right food to stay healthy.This was a few decades ago when there were big campaigns to make British people healthier. We decided to throw out our chip pan which we had used until then to make chips every day for dinner. We replaced our chips with boiled potatoes. We also started using semiskimmed milk instead of whole milk in our cups of tea and bowls of cornflakes. At first I felt like I was eating my cornflakes in water and my potatoes had no taste at all. But after a while I started to prefer healthier food because I felt stronger and I didn’t get sick so often.Japanese people are reputed to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. The healthiest Japanese people eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or wat er when they’re thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or gingko nuts. The traditional Japanese diet is famous for helping you to live a longer and healthier life.So we have proof that you become what you eat. Can you tell what your friends eat just by looking at them? When you know the effects of different types of food, you can use your knowledge well and eat what you want to become.Food has an impact on our physical and emotional health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?Lettuce or milk can make you sleepy.To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.To keep your teeth clean you should eat apples often.Garlic helps you not to catch a cold.Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.Chocolate contains the essential minerals iron and magnesium.What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients on the chocolate bar wrapper. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?Future restaurants might be named after the physical or emotional state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus.Part TwoText IComprehension CheckI. Reading for general ideas1. Fill in the blanks to complete the outline of the text.KeyThesis statement: The value of food is closely associated with the circumstances, the sentiment of the people and their perception of the world around them, which in turn has impact on their faith, ritual, language, philosophy and so on.Heading for Paragraph 1: Identity derived from eating habitsHeading for Paragraph 2: Food as symbols in rituals and religionHeading for Paragraph 3: The symbolic value vs. nutritious valueHeading for Paragraph 4: Milk and honey in cultural circumstancesHeading for Paragraph 5: Figurative meaning of food vocabularyHeading for Paragraph 6: Antagonism and balance in food as in the worldHeading for Paragraph 7: Duality of yin and yang in Chinese cultureHeading for Paragraph 8: The hierarchy of foodHeading for Paragraph 9: Food as indicators of social relationship2. Read the text through quickly and answer the following questions.Suggested answer1)The author uses examples to show that food metaphor existed long time ago and someconcepts are shared by different cultures.2)The evidences come from a wide range of sources: customs, language, and religious writingssuch as the Bible.3)The aim of the text is to show that the use of metaphor in food is very common throughout theworld.4)The metaphors reflect the lifestyles, beliefs, and philosophy of the people who use them. Theyalso show how they are perceived by others.5)Most paragraphs start with a generalization, serving as introduction of the topic or topicsentence, after which an example is given to support the statement.II. Reading for specific informationKey1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIII. Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.The tribes use the diet differences to tease each other, for example, the rotted meat. One tribenot only eats it, but also considers it special and thus appropriate for their rituals.2.When a food is endowed with a certain symbolic meaning, it enjoys a higher status thanbefore while the nutrition it contains is of less significance.3.Food, when connected with the culture it exists in, functions more than a source ofnourishment. This can be illustrated by the widespread beli ef of “milk tie,” a life-long social connection not only between the nurse and the children who have been nursed, but also among the biologically unconnected children who have been nursed by the same woman.4.North Americans and Europeans also follow the yin-yang approach to food and they judge thevalue of food not by their nutrition; the food served in an elaborate dinner values more than that in leftovers.5.When such values are taken into consideration, an invitation to a meal and one to a snack havesubtle difference in social implications.Part ThreeText IIComprehension CheckI. Reading for specific informationKey1.While organic foods do you no harm, they may not turn out to be as beneficial as you think.2.To date most studies have either shown no difference between organic and conventionalproduce or found very small pluses in the organic column, such as slightly higher levels of vitamin C or other antioxidants.3.The research done by Alyson Mitchell and her team from UC Davis found that tomatoesgrown in organic fields yielded significantly higher amounts of quercetin and kaempferol (an average of 79% and 97%, respectively) than their conventional counterparts. They also found that the greater the number of seasons tomatoes are grown in organic fields, the higher the soil quality becomes and the higher the level of the flavonoids climbs.4.Firstly, the study was conducted in a highly controlled setting, so it’s not clear we’d get thesame results in the real world of organic farming, where conditions vary. Secondly, Mitchell points out that tomatoes are what is known as a botanical fruit, something that isn’t necessarily comparable to leafy greens.5.First, if you’re going to eat the peel of a fruit or vegetable, consider buying organic. Second,don’t buy organic produce shipped from overseas. Finally, don’t be seduced by organic produce included in processed foods like frozen meals and spaghetti sauce.II. Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.As demand for pesticide- and chemical-free foods has grown, the product that used to betargeting at a small group of consumers now finds itself in common markets.2.Meanwhile, scientists are not able to prove modern pesticides have a definite, long-termnegative effect on our bodies. This means that while organic foods are not harmful, they may not eventually appear as beneficial as you think.3.(Following the negative sense of the previous sentence) Not to mention the idea that organicfoods are full of vitamins that modern farming techniques have totally destroyed. These ideas all lack sufficient proof and are equally dubious.4.Although these findings are awesome, they themselves may not be impactful enough topersuade people to spend more money or drive a few miles farther to buy organic food.5.You should also pay attention to the origin of the food, because if it is shipped from overseas,some nutrition may have lost after the long journey, e.g. vitamin C is destructible and is lost over time. In that case, you may not enjoy much benefit from the organic food; instead you may benefit more from the local conventional food.Part FourText IIISuggested translation of some popular Chinese dishes:宫保鸡丁Kung Pao Chicken鱼香肉丝Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce夫妻肺片Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce蜜汁叉烧Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork脆皮春卷Crispy Spring Rolls麻婆豆腐Ma Po Tofu蚝油生菜Sautéed Lettuce with Oyster Sauce地三鲜Sautéed Potato with Green Pepper and Eggplant八宝饭Eight Delicacies Rice卤肉饭Steamed Rice with Red-Cooked PorkQuestions for group discussionSuggested answer1.Generally British food does not enjoy a good reputation, and the French often make fun ofBritish cuisine. A typical British way of cooking is stewing any food into something grey and unappealing. As long as it is accompanied with a few potatoes on top, it is fine for them. The national dish is fish and chips.2.It began with a typical English breakfast in a bed & breakfast near Bath. Most of it wasacceptable to the author, such as poached or scrambled eggs, lean bacon, fried mushrooms, boiled cauliflower, two sausages and slightly grilled tomato slices with black pepper. But the black pudding tasted terrible.3.She thought that they should have used some Chinese cooking wine. British cooking is dull,but they have passion for potatoes. She uses the word s like “rustic” and “plain.” some foods they would love and hate.Part FiveLanguage FocusI. Word familyFill in the blanks with the words above.1. reference 4. unprecedented 7. comparatively 10. unpopular2. extension 5. symbolically 8. contradict3. exceeded 6. beneficial 9. popularizeII. Idioms, phrasal verbs and fixed expressions1. in 4. on/at 7. over 10. in2. to 5. out 8. to, to3. to 6. from 9. inIII. Collocations1. staple 3. cut back on 5. scraps2. chain 4. ran out of 6. processedIV. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrases given in the box.1. traced back to 5. complement 9. niche 13. impulse2. endowed with 6. entail 10. turned out to be 14. dubious3. preceded by 7. Virtue 11. make sense 15. typical4. continuum 8. counterparts 12. renowned forComprehensive PracticeI. Translate the following into English, using the words and phrases from the texts. Suggested answer1.There is an excess of theories in today’s society which claim to be authoritative but turn out tobe self-contradictory. We should think independently before making any judgment.2.Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he wasnominate d as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature. Meanwhile he has played an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.3.Since family bonds are weakened by busy lifestyles, and families are no longer in closeproximity to each other, they can stay connected only by being intentional about maintaining important rituals and traditions.4.The concept of natural equilibrium has long been ruling ecological research and management,so the conservationists were never dubious about the idea that human intervention in it destroys the equilibrium.5.Honey contains a concentrated dose of vitamins, minerals and nutrients that nourish andrevitalize your body.II. Translate the following into Chinese.Suggested answer多样化的地理、气候、风俗和物产促成了大家所说的“四大风味”和“八大菜系”的发展演变，而由于餐饮是一门活生生的艺术，其种类还在继续增多。

Unit1BY淘宝店铺：HS的英语学科中心Part OneIII.Listen,Watch and DiscussSuggested answer1.While Andrea works for a fashion magazine,she doesn’t have a strong sense of fashion andwears wrong clothes.2.No.She thinks it is pointless to change herself just because of a job.3.Yes.When Miranda is choosing a belt,Andrea laughs and refers to fashion as“stuff.”4.Miranda criticizes Andrea’s clothes by illustrating the application of the cerulean color in thefashion world.Miranda is a professional woman with a great influence in the fashion world, but she is fastidious about her subordinates.5.Here are some suggestions for a newcomer:•Get familiar with the job and working process;•Learn from other excellent colleagues;•Try his or her best to meet bosses’high requirement;•Do more and talk less.TranscriptAndrea:Miranda?Miranda:Are you there?Andrea:I’m about to walk in.I’ll call you as soon as…Hello?Emily:While you’re out...Andrea:Hi.Emily:Miranda needs you to go to Hermes to pick up25scarves we ordered for her.... Andrea:Okay.Emily:Cassidy forgot her homework at Dalton.Pick that up.Miranda went out to meet with Meisel,and she will want more Starbucks when she gets back.Hot Starbucks. Andrea:Can you just repeat that first...Hello?Emily:Oh,my God.What took you so long?I have to pee!Andrea:What?You haven’t peed since I left?Emily:No,I haven’t.I’ve been manning the desk,haven’t I?I’m bursting.Andrea:Oh,hi.Emily:You do coat.Do the coat!Andrea:Okay.Emily:Now,be prepared.The runthrough is at12:30.People are panicking,so the phone is going to be ringing off the hook.Andrea:The ru...The run-through.Right.Emily:Yes.Editors bring in options for the shoot,and Miranda chooses.She chooses every single thing in every single issue.Run-throughs are a huge deal.I don’tknow why you don’t know that,Andrea.Serena:Okay.Are you ready?Emily:Oh,hi,hi.Right.Well,after the loo,Serena and I are going to lunch.This is her...the new me.Andrea:Hi.Emily:Told you.Serena:I thought you were kidding.Emily:No,quite serious,yeah.I get20minutes for lunch,and you get15.When I come back,you can go.Andrea:Okay.Serena:What exactly is she wearing?Emily:Her grandmother’s skirt.Nigel:Hmm.Corn chowder.That’s an interesting choice.You do know that cellulite is one of the main ingredients in corn chowder.Andrea:So none of the girls here eat anything?Nigel:Not since two became the new four and zero became the new two.Andrea:Well,I’m a six.Nigel:Which is the new14.Andrea:Oh.Shoot.Nigel:Oh,never mind.I’m sure you have plenty more polyblend where that came from. Andrea:Okay.You think my clothes are hideous.I get it.But,you know,I’m not going to be in fashion forever...so I don’t see the point of changing everything about myselfjust because I have this job.Nigel:Yes,that’s true.That’s really what this multibillion-dollar industry is all about anyway,isn’t it?Inner e on.Miranda’s pushed therunthrough up a half an hour.Andrea:Mmm!Nigel:She’s always15minutes early.Andrea:Which means?Nigel:You’re already e.Andrea:Shoot!Nigel:Excuse me.Mr.Ravitz.Ravitz:Nigel.Issue going well?Nigel:Oh,yes.Our best September ever.Ravitz:Great.Heard Miranda killed autumn jackets and pulled up the Sedona shoot.What’s that costing me?Nigel:About300,000.Ravitz:Must have been some lousy jackets.Irv Ravitz.Nigel:Oh,I’m sorry.This is Andrea Sachs,Miranda’s new assistant.Ravitz:Congratulations,young lady.A million girls would kill for that job.Nigel:Bye-bye.Andrea:Hmm?Nigel:Chairman of Elias-Clarke,Irv Ravitz.You know what they say?Tiny man,huge ego.Miranda:No.And I’ve seen all this before.Woman:Theyskens is trying to reinvent the drop waist,so actually it’s...Miranda:Where are all the other dresses?Woman:We have some right here.Nigel:Stand,watch and listen.Woman:And I think it can be very interesting...Miranda:No,no,I just...It’s just baffling to me.Why is it so impossible to put together a decent run-through?You people have had hours and hours to prepare.It’s just soconfusing to me.Where are the advertisers?Woman:Oh,we have some pieces from Banana Republic.Miranda:No,we need more,don’t we?Oh.This is...This might be...What do you think of...Nigel:Yeah.Well,you know me.Give me a full ballerina skirt and a hint of saloon and I’m on board.Miranda:Hmm.But do you think it’s too much like...Nigel:Like the Lacroix from July?I thought that,but no,not with the right accessories.It should work.Miranda:Where are the belts for this dre...Why is no one ready?Woman:Here.It’s a tough call.They’re so different.Miranda:Hmm.Something funny?Andrea:No.No,no,no.Nothing’s...You know,it’s just that both those belts look exactly the same to me.You know,I’m still learning about this stuff and,uh... Miranda:This...stuff?Oh.Okay.I see.You think this has nothing to do with you.You go to your closet and you select...I don’t know...that lumpy blue sweater,for instance,because you’re trying to tell the world that you take yourself too seriously to careabout what you put on your back.But what you don’t know is that that sweater isnot just blue.It’s not turquoise.It’s not lapis.It’s actually cerulean.And you’realso blithely unaware of the fact...that in2002,Oscar de la Renta did a collectionof cerulean gowns.And then I think it was Yves Saint Laurent wasn’t it...whoshowed cerulean military jackets?I think we need a jacket here.Nigel:Mmm.Miranda:And then cerulean quickly showed up in the collections of eight different designers.And then it,uh,filtered down through the department stores and then trickled ondown into some tragic Casual Corner where you,no doubt,fished it out of someclearance bin.However,that blue represents millions of dollars and countless jobs...and it’s sort of comical how you think you’ve made a choice that exempts youfrom the fashion industry when,in fact,you’re wearing a sweater that was selectedfor you by the people in this room...from a pile of stuff.Part TwoWarm-up Activities1.What do you know about Hillary Clinton?Early life and education:Born on October26,1947in Chicago,Illinois.She graduated from Wellesley College in May1969and earn her J.D.from Yale Law School in1973.Marriage and family:Moved to Arkansas,marrying Bill Clinton in1975.In February1980,she gave birth to their daughter Chelsea.Political orientation:Republican before1968.Democratic from1968.Roles in politics:First Lady of Arkansas(January11,1983—December12,1992),First Lady of the United States(January20,1993—January20,2001),United States Senator from New York (January3,2001—January21,2009),67th United States Secretary of State(January21, 2009—February1,2013).Electoral history:Running in the2008Democratic presidential primaries,Hillary Clinton won far more primaries and delegates than any other female candidate in American history,but narrowly lost the nomination to Obama.On April12,2015,Clinton formally announced her presidential candidacy via email.However,she was defeated by Donald Trump in the November8, 2016presidential election.e one sentence to explain the following terms.Secretary of State:The Secretary of State,appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate,is the President’s chief foreign affairs adviser.The Senate:The U.S.Senate is the upper legislative chamber in the federal government,with just 100members,two senators from each state.The House of Representatives:One of Congress’s two chambers,proportionally representing the population of the50states,to pass federal laws by introducing bills and resolutions,offering amendments and so on.PR:Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.Text IComprehension CheckI.Reading for general ideas1.Fill in the blanks to complete the outline of the text.Thesis statement:The negative and unfair commentary on Hillary’s dressing style results from the huge disparity between how men and women are judged according to how they dress. Heading for Part I(Paragraphs1to2):Introduction of the topic:the commentary on Hillary’s wardrobe.Heading for Part II(Paragraphs3to6):Different views towards men and women’s dressing,and power dressing.Heading for Part III(Paragraphs7to8):Conclusion:the root cause of dress prejudice against women.2.Read the text through quickly and answer the following questions.1)The author uses cause-and-effect method focusing on the causal analysis of causes or reasons.2)The author uses the method of contrast to present different views towards men and women toexplain the political fashion.3)The author is opposed to the commentary that Hillary wears more power suits and is lessfeminine.4)The author wants to illustrate popular criticisms against Hillary’s wardrobe.5)If a female politician doesn’t know how to dress like a lady,she’s lampooned,shamed,andher ideas are ignored.However,if she wears“distracting clothing”or spends too much money,she’s seen as silly.II.Reading for specific informationKey1.F2.F3.T4.F5.TIII.Reading and making interpretationsSuggested answer1.People usually don’t talk about dress fashion of male politicians although they outnumbertheir female counterparts,except once when Obama showed up in light yellowish-brown in a news conference.2.People seldom focus their attention on male politicians’dressing since they usually wear theformal suit,symbolizing power and advantage in politics,which help their thoughts receive more attention and thus be likely to be more acceptable.However,the first ladies’trivial matters such as dressing will draw much attention because they don’t need to deal with important issues like their husbands.3.Although the first ladies are expected to be in fashion clothes,they had better not go shoppingby themselves,which is believed improper for their status.4.However,male politicians only need to wear the suit in order to display the power given bythe society.5.Different criteria for evaluating male and female politicians’dress represent a type of genderdiscrimination against women,which is firmly established in our society.Part ThreeText IIComprehension CheckI.Reading for specific informationKey1.It is difficult to specify clear business casual standard to enforce professionalism withouthurting productivity.2.In part business casual causes confusing attire standard.Also the situation gets out of controlwhen business casual is allowed and the quality of work is not as good as expected.3.They trust employees to use good judgment,inspire them to think more openly,andencourage camaraderie.4.The author presents different attitudes towards business casual by contrasting some strict ruleswith some more lenient ones.5.Dress policies may provoke racial and gender discrimination.6.The dress style may lead to stereotypes.Impression management is important in companies. II.Reading and making interpretationsKey1.When it is hotter and hotter in the summer,employees’attire is more and more casual.Employers are striving to set a standard of dress which can ensure that employees work athigh efficiency,and that they display professional qualities.2.It is more likely that the younger employees,mostly millennials,violate the attire rules,whichwould offend the older traditionalists who grew up during WW II.The latter always wear formal attire with ties and skirts in companies.3.Because different companies have different dress codes,a considerable amount ofinappropriateness and embarrassment in dressing style will occur in social situations.4.Job interviewees will be more and more perplexed by the uncertainty about the dress code.They find that they seem to be more serious and boring if they attend an interview in a more casual workplace,wearing the traditional suit.Part FourText IIIQuestions for group discussionSuggested answer1.Culture and fashion have a strong connection and both keep influencing each other.Theauthor uses some examples in Chinese history to explain it.For example,during the Song and Ming dynasties because of the intensity of the feudal ideology,the patterns of dress and adornment gradually became conservative whereas by influence from western cultures,the designs were more fitting and practical from late Ming.2.One of the Chinese dresses getting attention from the fashion community is the cheongsam.3.More information can be found below from People’s Daily Online.How Should Chinese Culture“Go Out”?Chinese culture’s“going out”has become an important national cultural strategy.However, according to Annual Report of China’s Foreign Trade in Culture2012,export of Chinese cultural products only accounts for30percent of the import of cultural products.How should Chinese culture go out?NPC deputies and CPPCC members gave their answers.What is the core competitiveness of Chinese cultural products?Chen Zhilin,a deputy to the National People’s Congress,President of Sichuan Dramatists Association,talked about his experience:“Two years ago,I led my art troupe to visit Europe.We had more than70stages in four months.Chinese culture is welcomed and loved by local people not by chance.It is the uniqueness and connotation of Chinese culture that wins respect from foreigners.Performance that embodies our values and cultural system is of top priority.”Prof.Liu Yuening,a member of the CPPCC,vice-chairman of Overseas Returned Scholars Association,and a noted Dulcimer player with Central Conservatory of Music,shared his ideas as to what cultural products China needs.First of all,they ought to show the spirit of the Chinese people and connotation of Chinese culture vividly.Secondly,the products need to conform to human values and universal aesthetic standards.It would be better if the products cater for foreign viewers’habit and taste.“We have been in the new era when the need for systematic research of our own culture is pressing,”said NPC deputy Ling Jiefang,“In addition,we would borrow ideas from the West,which helps promote our own culture.”Dilemma:tradition and modernityMany Chinese and foreign polls have shown that elements of traditional Chinese culture,for example Confucius,Kung Fu and porcelain are regarded as symbols of Chinese culture for quite a long time.How to let the world know more about Chinese culture in modern times has become a dilemma of the current Chinese culture’s going out.Liu Yuening said:“The understanding and exchange of any form of culture is not done overnight.A long-term mechanism for disseminating Chinese culture is needed,at the same time innovation with a modern perspective is encouraged as well.Chinese culture is a treasure rather than a burden to Chinese people in modern times.”The TV drama Legend of Zhenhuan’s landing on the U.S.sparked heated debate.“The exploration needs a period of time,during which all kinds of culture products can express freely,”said Ling Jiefang,“No cultural brand is established yet for Chinese culture’s going out.An overall and systematic research is urgently needed.”People-to-people exchange boostsInnovation is mentioned by almost every NPC deputy and CPPCC member when talking about Chinese culture’s going out.Liu Yuening has just finished her Chinese Spring Festival Concert held in Switzerland.She said,“The concert was a commercial operation that won positive good response.Tickets were sold to local people who are interested in Chinese music.”She appeals to set up a fund aiming to support those musicians going out and people-to-people cultural exchanges.Chen Zhilin believes that with the help of local directors,local scene designers and local service departments,traditional Chinese stories and traditional opera would be better understood by local people.The way of blending the West and East helps improve the effect of Chinese culture’s going out.(source:/pc/12_1/2013—03/13/content_1782175.htm)Part FiveLanguage FocusI.Word familyNoun Verb Adjective Adverb identity/identification identify identifiable/ access/accessibility access accessible accessibly Conception conceive conceivable conceivably Discrimination discriminate discriminatory/Coordination coordinate coordinated/Fill in the blanks with the words above.1.conceived 4.access7.accessible10.coordinated2.identifiable 5.discrimination8.inconceivable3.coordination 6.identification9.discriminateII.Idioms,phrasal verbs and fixed expressions1.for 4.out7.in10.out2.for 5.off8.with3.to 6.down9.throughIII.Collocations1.introduced 3.rules 5.enforce2.concrete/solid; 4.ensure 6.evidenceaboutplete the following sentences with the words and phrases given in the box.1.embarked 5.when it comes to9.overall13.motif2.look the part es to mind10.rendered14.wrestling3.chill prises11.push the envelope15.requisite4.permeated8.encompasses12.run the gamutComprehensive PracticeI.Translate the following into English,using the words and phrases from the texts. Suggested answer1.Friends,family and neighbors are often baffled about who to call for help in the event of suchan emergency.2.The Republican and Democratic parties have the same objectives in anti-terrorist issues,butreached by different pathways.Great odds are that they have become two sides of the same coin,opposing and compromising with each other.3.The ratings of occupations are based,in part,on levels of education.Therefore,it is likely theconnection between educational difficulties experienced by adolescents with disabilities and occupational aspirations play an important role in understanding the research results.4.It is no secret that financial crises in Asia undercut demand for oil so rapidly that pricesplunged for a time below$10a barrel,prompting production cuts and the cancellation of several exploration projects.5.Following some early negative media coverage and social media backlash,Zara’s parentcompany Inditex—the ninth largest retailer in the world,and the biggest apparel company, issued an apology.II.Translate the following into Chinese.Suggested answer约翰·莫利在著作《穿出成功》中没有断言何为穿着品位的优劣。

论商务英语语言学的理论体系作为我国英语语言教育教学体系中的重要组成部分，商务英语在新的时代背景之下备受关注，这一专业英语教学能够实现人才培养策略与时代发展需求之间的紧密对接，保障所培养出来的人才能够更好地满足时代发展的需求。

但是与其他的专业学科相比，商务英语所涉及的内容比较复杂，其中语言学最为关键。

本文站在宏观的角度着眼于商务英语的教育教学现状，对语言学的理论体系进行进一步的探讨，以期为丰富商务英语教学模式、提升这一专业教学的质量及水平提供一定的借鉴。

标签：商务英语;语言学;理论体系一、商务英语语言学理论体系在对商务英语语言学进行分析和研究时，首先需要了解这一专门用途语言学的具体内涵，任何语言学理论体系的构建都必须要以专业语言的形式分析为依据，站在语言学的角度，着眼于商务英语的双重性特征来进行有效的表现。

从微观的角度上来看，商务英语的形式比较复杂，外部特征主要以商務语境为依据，专业人士需要在具体的商务语境之中实现双向交流以及互动，商务英语的应用则显得非常关键。

内部特征则侧重于商务专业领域在内容上的分析及研究，只能够以商务专业领域的具体分析为依据，通过专业话语的使用来实现有效交流。

因此学术界在对商务英语进行分析时明确提出，这种语言形式主要以具体的商务语境为依据，属于一种特殊的语言种类，其中英语语言规律以及特征的分析是基础，只有结合这两点来实现语言学理论体系的有效构建，才可以呈现这种语言本身的内部体系以及内部特征。

在构建商务英语语言学理论体系之前，参与工作者需要注重语言词汇在广度和深度上的分析，了解句法的具体结构以及语体特征，结合专业知识与认知规律来构建完善的理论研究框架以及体系，充分展现语言学的研究作用及优势，促进跨文化商务交流活动的顺利开展。

二、商务英语语言学的理论体系结合上文的相关论述可以发现，商务英语语言学的理论体系具有明显的系统性以及一致性，与其他的语言形式相比，商务英语语言学必须要以具体的商务语境为依据，了解英语语言学的核心内涵以及外在表现，只有这样才能够保障整个理论体系的完整性以及多元化。

论商务英语语言学的理论体系王立非　陈香兰　葛海玲（对外经济贸易大学，北京，１０００２９）摘要：在论述商务英语语言学的理论体系、定位与内涵以及学术重点的基础上，本文首次提出，商务英语语言学理论由１３个部分组成：商务英语词汇学、商务功能语言学、商务认知语言学、商务语用学、商务话语分析、商务翻译学、跨文化商务交际学、商务社会语言学、商务对比语言学、商务语料库语言学、商务英语教育学、英语经济学、商务英语研究方法。

这一发现对创新语言学研究、明确商务英语跨学科研究方向和方法、指导商务英语应用实践具有重要启示。

关键词：商务英语语言学，商务英语，理论体系［中图分类号］Ｈ３１９ ［文献标识码］Ａ ［文章编号］１６７４－８９２１－（２０１３）０５－００２５－０７１．引言２１世纪经济全球化和信息技术快速发展，推动跨学科融合和发展。

在语言学领域，专门用途语言的发展势头迅猛，出现了传媒语言学（Ｍｅｄｉａ　Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｄｏｂｒｏｓｋｌｏｎｓｋａｙａ　２００８）、政治语言学（ＰｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌＬｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｃｈｕｄｉｎｏｖ　２００８）、法律语言学（ＦｏｒｅｎｓｉｃＬｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｇｉｂｂｏｎｓ　２００３；Ｍａｔｔｉａ　２００６）、民族语言学（Ｅｔｈｎｏ－Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｋｉｎｄｅｌｌ　＆Ｌｅｗｉｓ　２０００）、环境语言学（Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｗａｎｇ　２００８）、医学语言学（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｂｒｕｚｚｉ　２００６；Ａｒｏｎｓｏｎ　２００７）、军事语言学（Ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ　Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｋｒｕｚｅｌ　２００８）以及体育语言学（Ｓｐｏｒｔｓ　Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ）（Ｓｏｃｃｅｒｌｉｎｇｕａ　２００５）等多个变体。

语言学从本体向跨学科的特殊用途领域发展，商务语言学的理论体系构建就日趋重要，本文将论述商务英语语言学的理论体系和学术重点。