《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料

外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章一、术语制成品manufactured goods 资本货物capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income) 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation) 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟EU(European Union) 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施4.capital stock 实际资本5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率7.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业8.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神10.means of production 生产资料11.stock-taking 评估12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新一、术语：1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国mercial hub 商业活动中心3.Per capita 人均4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税6.securities 有价证券7.real estate market 房地产市场8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate 跨行业公司10.consortium 国际财团11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定1．centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济2．market economy 市场经济3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策4.deflation 通货紧缩5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率modity market 商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价9.business cycle 商业周期10.weighted average 加权平均数11.hard currencies 硬通货12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资14.market diversification 市场多元化15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策18.yield curve 收益曲线19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数）23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率22.per capita income 人均收入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24．Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物一、术语：the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles二、词语释义：1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position二、词语释义：1.jockey: move2.is bustling with: is filled with3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric4.farfetched: improbable; incredible5.clear: earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily7.rung: level8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal9.career out of control: run out of control二、词语释义：1.in a row: in succession2.easing: slowing down; decrease3.momentum: force of movement4.underlying: being at the basis of5.slackening: slowing of speedpound: worsen7.moderate inflation: ease inflation8.robust: strong and healthy9.setbacks: frustrations10.slump: depression11.edge down: move slowly down12.depreciation: devaluation13.spike: abrupt increase14.pick-up: recovery15.rein in: control16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）17.stagnat: stop; almost二、词语释义：1.tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）2.discrimination: unfair treatment3.sanctions: penalty4.escalate: develop; intensify5.frictions: conflicts6.procurement: purchase7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do8.is awake t is conscious of9.amenable to responsive to10.a ragged start: a poor start11.intolerable: unbearable12.retaliate: revenge; reprisal13.impose: exert; influence14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring15.shock: impact16. prompting: provoking17. tactical: skillful18. underpinning: foundation19. peeved: annoyed20. embrace: acceptance二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地… ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译1．During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrializatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。

第一部分导言一、内容梗概《外刊经贸知识选读》这本教材以课文为核心，选文题材包括与我国经贸研究与实际工作有关的几个主要方面：中国对外贸易与吸收外资的概况以及其改革开放的大背景，国际经贸的宏观形势，世界经济和贸易大国的贸易政策和问题，亚洲新兴经济的状况和问题，日益激烈的市场竞争，从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织，初级产品市场的前景预测和市场变化的微观报导等。

这些课程内容的表达上语言上则提供了大量的、丰富的经贸研究与实际工作经常需用的词语、句式和文体及其应用的范例。

二、课程目标学习本课程，要求学生初步掌握使用英语从西方报刊或相类的材料中直接了解并获取经贸信息的基本知识和技巧。

为了实现这一最终目的，必须在学习过程中切实达到下列目标：1、熟悉并掌握课文中出现的经常用于报刊经贸文章（或相类材料）的词、片语和句型；2、能比较熟练地运用这些语言知识并结合所学的经贸业务和背景知识正确地理解教材中的课文练习用文、补充阅读材料等，并能得其要旨。

三、课程性质《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业的必考课和英语专业的选修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者的阅读和理解西方报刊经贸文章所需的专业英语的基本知识和应用能力而设置的一门专业英语课程。

这一课程是英语阅读和理解课的一个专业分支。

其特点是：阅读材料以当代国际经贸活动为主要内容和背景；文章是用相关的英语表达的课程的设计和教材的编写着力于提示和总结这类材料的语言运用规律的启发有关经贸知识的应用。

由于课程内容的高度经贸专业化，学习本课程之前应完成经济学和其他国际贸易基础课程的学习。

四、学习方法1、首先要反复认知和记忆教材中出现的在西方经贸报刊文章（英语）中经常使用的词、片语和句型，了解其含义，掌握其用法，能够熟练地运用在阅读理解之中；2、在初步掌握了有关语言知识的基础上，在阅读中要结合所学文章的上下文和内容背景运用这些基本语言知识去正确、深入、灵活地理解。

这里所谓“灵活”，就是说一个词，片语或句型具体用在一句一段一篇里时其含义以至其用法经常有所变化，报刊文字尤其如此，而读者在理解上也要有随和应变之巧，不可一味墨守而不得其真义。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。

外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。