八年级英语下册第四课单词详解

初中英语课堂笔记八年级下册Unit 4重点短语a big deal重要的事after-school classes课外活动课all the time一直allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气be oneself做自己call sb. up打电话给某人compete with sb. 与某人竞争copy one's homework抄袭某人的作业cut out删除family membersfight a lot经常吵架/打架get better grades取得更好的成绩get enough sleep有足够的睡眠get into a fight with sb与某人吵架/打架give one's opinion提出某人的观点give sb. pressure给某人施压hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛hang over笼罩have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架have free time有空闲时间in future 今后in the future 在未来learn exam skills学习应试技巧look through翻看make sb. angry使某人生气mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事so that以便so... that... 如此……以至于……spend time alone独自消磨时光study too much学得过多talk to sb. 与某人交谈too many rules 太多规则too much homework 太多作业work out成功地发展;解决worry about sth. 担心某事write to sb. =write sb. a letter 给某人写信词法精选1．borrow my things without returning them借我的东西不归还witho ut 是with的反义词，意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动名词。

1.reado解释：阅读，读懂o固定搭配：read a book 读书o例句：I like to read books in my free time. 我喜欢在空闲时间读书。

2.cookingo解释：烹饪，烹调o固定搭配：cooking skills 烹饪技巧o例句：She enjoys cooking Italian food. 她喜欢烹饪意大利菜。

3.novelo解释：小说o固定搭配：a novel about love 关于爱情的小说o例句：I'm writing a new novel set in the 19th century. 我正在写一部以19世纪为背景的新小说。

4.Germanyo解释：德国o固定搭配：the capital of Germany 德国的首都o例句：Berlin is the capital of Germany. 柏林是德国的首都。

5.knowledgeo解释：知识o固定搭配：acquire knowledge 获取知识o例句：Education is the key to acquiring knowledge. 教育是获取知识的关键。

6.spareo解释：空闲的；多余的o固定搭配：spare time 空闲时间o例句：Do you have any spare time for a coffee? 你有空喝杯咖啡吗？7.Frencho解释：法国（人）的o固定搭配：French fries 炸薯条o例句：I enjoy eating French fries with my burger. 我喜欢在吃汉堡时配炸薯条。

8.writero解释：作者，作家o固定搭配：a famous writer 著名作家o例句：She is a highly respected writer in the literary world. 她在文学界是一位备受尊敬的作家。

Unit4 词汇解析1.allow: v.允许；准许allow doing sth 允许做某事如：We don’t allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。

allow sb to do sth 准许某人干某事如：My parents don’t allow me go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上外出。

be allowed to do sth 被允许干某事如：I am allowed to go out at night.我被允许在晚上外出2.wrong adj.错误的；有毛病的同义词：false 反义词： true ; right 正确的3.get on 相处；上车 get on/along with sb 与某人相处 get on /along well with sb 与某人相处得好4.argue v.争吵；争论 argument n.争论 argue with sb 与某人争论 argue with sb about sth 与某人争论某事5.nervous adj.紧张的；担忧的；忧虑的同义词：worried； anxious [æŋkʃəs ]municate v.交流名词形式：communication 交流 communicate with sb 与某人交流7.cloud n. 云朵 cloudy adj. 多云的8.区别 instead 与instead of ：instead 代替;替代；反而。

作副词用，通常位于句尾。

位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。

instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲。

如：she didn't answer me, instead, she asked me another question. 她没有回答我，反而问了我另外一个问题。

instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面+名词/代词/动名词/介词短语作宾语。

Unit 4 知识点总结一、重点单词和短语（key words and important phrases ）黑体单词要求必须背过。

***特别记忆：hide—hid—hiden（隐藏；躲藏）sell—sold—sold（卖，出售）steal—stole—stolen（偷盗，窃取）little（少）—less（较少，更少）—least（最少）***短语：（注：括号里的为例句，希望您能把它记住，会用）depend on 依靠，依赖，取决于，根据（Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.）pass on 传播，前进（People pass on thier knoeledge by telling stories.）by hand 手工，用手（They write each word by hand.）keep on 继续（No matter what you have, keep on reading.）in seconds 在很短的时间内（People are able to connect and share information in seconds .）far away 遥远（His village is far away from the railways.）aside from 除此之外（Aside from her nose,she is a petty girl.）take up 占据，占用，开始从事（The Internet can be a uesfull tool,but don’t let it take up all of your time.）set up a time 约个时间（They have set up a time to meet again.）二、结构和句型1、use sth. to do sth. 用某物去做......eg: I like to use the Internet to read about sports and technology.2、chat with sb.和某人聊天eg: I like chatting with my friends online.3、plan to do sth.计划做某事eg:We are planning to organize a Donut Club.4、decide to do sth.决定做某事eg:I decided to do all of my research on the Internet.5、one of +the +形容词的最高级+可数名词复数“最......之一”eg:It’s one of the biggest holidays in many countries.6、It is + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth. “某人做......是.......的”eg：It is also possible for common people to read books.7、Sb. pays (sb.) money for sth. 某人为某物付（某人）多少钱Sth. cost (sb.) some money 某物花费某人多少钱Sb. spends some time /money in doing sth. 某人花费多少钱/时间做某事on sth某人在某事上花费了多少钱/时间做It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间8、realize one’s dream=make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想eg:I want to help my grandma realize her dream.=I want to make my grandma’s dream come true.9、sb.be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到惊奇at sth. 某人对某物感到惊奇to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是......sth. is surprising 某物令人感到惊奇（注：surprise 、interest、excite、amaze的用法一样，修饰人用以-ed结尾的形容词，修饰物用以-ing结尾的形容词）eg: I am very surprised to see you here.eg: I am very surprised at her success.eg: To my surprise the door is open.10、forget to do sth. 忘记做某事eg: Don’t forget to finish your homework on time.11. too much “太多的”修饰不可数名词too many “太多的”修饰可数名词复数形式much too “太多”修饰形容词或副词eg: He is much too fat because he eats too much meat and too mant sweets（糖果）every day.12. prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事prefer dong to doing 喜欢......胜过......prefer to do rather than（to）do宁愿做.....而不愿做.....eg:I prefer to stay at home.eg:He prefers swimming to sking.eg:He prefered to die rather than steal.三、“互联网的利弊”范文（背过）Advantages and Disadvantages of the InternetInternet is now coming into our life. It brings us not only a lot of convenience, happiness but also troubles. Some of the advantages are truly wonderful.In many ways it makes life easier and simpler.It helps us get things done more quickly.It opens up the world to us.And if a friend lives far away,the Internet makes it easy to stay in touch.On the other hand,some of the disadvantages can become real problems if we don’t take care.Spending too much time online is harmful to people’s health. It may even cause them to be less social with their family and friends.Aside from that ,some people attack the web or use the Internet to steal other’s personal information even baking information.It's very dangerous!The Internet's advantages and disadvantages are shown clearly to us. I think we should make good use of it and stay away from its disadvantages.。

Unit4 Section A 课文重难点讲解1. by asking the teacher for help 通过向老师求助。

（课本第1页1a）by 介词，通过，靠。

表示方法、手段，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

I memorize the new words by reading the text. 我通过读课文来记忆新单词。

拓展：◆by的用法：(1)by doing sth 通过…方式by studying with a group【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句，表示“怎样做”。

①I study English by _____(listen) to the tapes②Tom learns Chinese by ______(watch) Chinese movies.③—____ did you get there? —By ___ a taxi.A. How; takingB. How; takeC. How; tookD. What; taking(2) by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词）by bike by train【by短语】by the way 顺便问一下by accident= by chance 偶然地by mistake 错误地one by one 一个接一个step by step 一步一步地little by little 逐渐地by the time 到……为止by oneself 独自地by and by 不久之后by hand 用手by the end of 到….... 末尾2. How do you study for a test？你如何为考试而学习？（课文第1页1c）(1) How引导的特殊疑问句用来询问“方式”。

—How did you catch a cold？你是怎么感冒的？—By staying in the rain.；淋雨得的。

Lesson 4：Sun Is Rising太阳在升起◆课文英汉对照Sun is rising,太阳在升起，Spring is ing,春天来了，Snow is melting,雪在融化，e with me.跟我来吧。

Climb the hillside,爬上山丘，Weather is warming,天气变暖，Wind blows gentlyThrough the trees.风轻轻地吹过树林。

One by oneThe flowers blossom, 花一朵一朵地绽放，Enjoy them one by one. 一个一个地欣赏着它们。

Sun is rising,太阳在升起，Spring is ing,春天来了，See it bringThe season’s change.看它带来了季节的变化。

LET’S DO IT!In a group of three, read the song aloud as a poem. Each of you should read one part.三人一组，把这首歌当作一首诗大声地朗读，你们每个人应当读一段。

How do you know when spring is ing? Talk with your partner about things like air, flowers and birds in spring.你怎么知道春天要来了？和你的同伴谈论一下这些事情，像春天的空气、花儿和鸟儿。

◆重点难点详解1. Spring is ing 春天来了，这个句子是用现在进行时态代替将来时。

在英语中，像这样可用进行时代替将来时的移动性动词有：e, leave, go, start, begin, fly等。

●My father is flying to Benjing tomorrow. 明天我的父亲要飞往。

●The train is ing. 火车就要到了。

人教版八年级下册英语Unit 4知识点详解人教版八年级下册英语Unit 4知识点详解一、单词与词组1.mad be mad at..对•••・生气=be angry with 生•••・气be mad about…对某事生气或者生某事的气get mad at e,,..变得对…..生气2.not •••any more=no more不再….表示数量或程度，一般与非延续性动词连用；not ,•,any longer二no longer不再….表示时间或状态的“不再”，多用于一般现在时，一般与延续性动词连用。

两个句型都只用于否定句中。

She won' t come any more(any longer)She isn" t a student any more (any longer)No longer不再…用于肯定句中，放在动词之前、be动词之后。

She won' t come any more=she no longer comesShe isn' t a student any longer=she is no longer a student.3.first of all =at first 首先4.assage消息，信息4leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信或者信息give sb a message =give a message to sb 给某人个信息(口信)Here is a message for you 这里有你的口信5. pass on 传递 Would you pass it on to the next person?(注意：pass on 的宾语是代词时候要放在。

n的前面名词放在。

n的后面)6. suppose认为、假设eg; If you suppose yourself to study hard , you will pass this exam.be supposed to do sth. = should7.do well in在…某方面做的好in后面接名词或者动名词eg:She does well in singing and I do well in dancing . They do well in English .8.in good health （in表示在某种状态下,in danger在危险当中）（stayhealthy ;keep healthy 保持健康 healthy 是 health 的形容词） Eg:Wemust be in good health/She is in danger9.get report card拿到（得到）成绩单10.true表示事件本身的真实性即使真与假eg： Is the joke that she said true ?她讲的笑话是真的吗，The news is true.这个消息是真的。

人教版八年级下册英语Unit 4知识点详解一、单词与词组1. mad be mad at..对….生气=be angry with 生….气b e mad about…对某事生气或者生某事的气get mad at….. 变得对…..生气2. not…any more=no more不再…. 表示数量或程度，一般与非延续性动词连用；not…any longer=no longer 不再…. 表示时间或状态的“不再”，多用于一般现在时，一般与延续性动词连用。

两个句型都只用于否定句中。

S he won’t come any more(any longer)She isn’t a student any more (any longer)No longer 不再… 用于肯定句中，放在动词之前、be动词之后。

She won’t come any more=she no longer comesShe isn’t a student any longer=she is no longer a student.3. first of all =at first 首先4. massage 消息，信息leave a message for sb. 给某人留个口信或者信息give sb a message =give a message to sb 给某人个信息（口信）Here is a message for you 这里有你的口信5. pass on 传递Would you pass it on to the next person?(注意:pass on 的宾语是代词时候要放在on的前面名词放在on的后面)6. suppose 认为、假设eg;If you suppose yourself to study hard ,you will pass this exam.be supposed to do sth.= should7. do well in 在…某方面做的好in后面接名词或者动名词eg:She does well in singing and I do well in dancing . They do well in English .8. in good health (in 表示在某种状态下，in danger 在危险当中)(stay healthy ;keep healthy保持健康healthy 是health的形容词)Eg:We must be in good health/She is in danger9. get report card 拿到（得到）成绩单10. true表示事件本身的真实性即使真与假eg:Is the joke that she said true ?她讲的笑话是真的吗？The news is true. 这个消息是真的。

Unit 4 知识点一、单词1.cloud 云（n.名词）.--- cloudy (adj.形容词)多云的2.clear（清楚的，adj.形容词）----clearly （adv.副词）3.quick(adj.)--- quickly (adv.) 形容词作表语定语；副词修饰行为动词，作状语4.develop发展（动词v.）---development （名词n.）二、短语1.Why don’t you + V原？= Why not + V原？Why don’t you take out the rubbish ?=Why not take out the rubbish ?2.have free time to do sth 有做…的空闲时间She has free time to take care of the dog .They don’t have free time to buy snacks.3.allow sb to do sth 允许…人做….Mr Li allowed me to hand out the books at two .4.get into a fight with sb = have a fight with sb和….吵架He got into a fight with his father yesterday .5.too many +可数名词复数太多too many chorestoo much+不可数名词太多too much pollutionmuch too +形容词副词太much too surprised6.What’s wrong ?= What’s the matter ?= What’s the trouble ?怎么了？be wrong 错了You are wrong .There is something wrong with …. 出毛病了There is something wrong with my arm .7.on the phone 通过电话I said sorry to him on the phone .8.so that +从句= in order that+从句为了...We will provide books for the kids so that they can learn more. =We will provide books for the kids in order that they can learn more.9.find sb doing sth 发现...人正做...I found the dog lying on the floor when I came in .10.look through 浏览，看穿（动介型短语，宾语放最后）I am looking through the magazine.11.give sth back to sb 把....还给.... .give the notice back to her12.be angry with sb 对....人生气We are angry with the passengerbe angry at sth 对....事生气She is angry at your decision.13..get on with sb = get along with sb 和..相处和睦•You should try your best to get on with your neighbors.14．the relation between ...and .. .... 和..... 之间的关系•The relation between you and me is nice .15.say sth to sb 向....说... say something important to me16.hang over 笼罩17.refuse to do sth 拒绝做.. They refused to put off the meeting .18.instead 代替，反而（放在句首或句末）instead of 代替，反而（放在句中）He isn't good at singing .Instead he does well in swimming.=He does well in swimming instead of singing . 19.whatever任何（引导宾语从句）whatever 无论什么= no matter what (引导状语从句）I can't understand whatever he says.Whatever he says ,don't believe him.20.offer to do sth （主动）提出做... The girl offered to hand out the books .offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 主动提供...给...offer me some advice = offer some advice to me21.have time for sth 有时间做.... I don't have time for a walk .have time to do sth 有时间做... They have time to make a decision.municate with sb 和...交流communicate with my parents23.mind one's doing sth = mind +宾格+doing sth介意....人做...Do you mind my opening the door ?=Do you mind me opening the door ?He doesn't mind your sitting here .=He doesn't mind you sitting here .pete with sb 和.....竞争compete with others25.the + 姓氏复数.......一家The Wangs live next to us .The Blacks are friendly to them .26.cut out 删除（动副型短语，代词放中间）cut out the articlecut it out cut them out27.not ...until 直到....才....I didn't get off the bus until it stopped at the bus stop .28.It's time for +名词= It's time to do sth 该做.... / 做.....的时间到了It's time for a break .=It's time to take a break.29.such +a/an+adj.+单数名词= so +adj.+a/an +单数名词一个如此...的....so +adj./adv 如此such + 复数名词如此so many/much/few/little +名词such an independent girl = so independent a girlsuch unfair games so lonely so many choresso much rubbish so few communications so little trouble30.send sb to s.w. 把...送到.. send us to the museumsend sb for sth 派去取.../请... send them for a doctor31.all kinds of +复数名词各种各样的all kinds of activities /communicationsa kind of + 单数名词一种 a kind of knife /guesskind of +形容词/副词有点kind of fair / independentpare sb with sb 比较.....和..... compare my grades with theirs33.be always doing sth 总是做.....(批评，表扬）They are always putting off the plans.34.be good for ... 对...有益Independence is good for kids.be bad for ... 对....有害X- ray is bad for our eyes.35.cause a lot of stress 引起很多压力cause a lot of problems 引起很多问题36.even / a little / a lot /much +比较级甚至更.../有点..../......得多even stronger even more nervous much more typical a lot better。

英语冀教版八年级下册第四课知识点全文共3篇示例，供读者参考英语冀教版八年级下册第四课知识点(一)第一单元1. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事2. between...and... 在...和...之间3. would like to do =want to do 想要做某事4. write down 写下记下5. go for walks=go for a walk：去散步6. get out of bed = get up起床7. go ahead 说吧，请吧8. think of 想出/认为/考虑think about 考虑/思考9. one...the other 一个...另一个...10. agree with sb.同意某人agree to do 同意做… 11. it's fun to do sth. 做某事很有趣12. encourage sb to do sth：鼓励某人做某13. to one’s surprise 让某人感到惊奇地是，14. stop to do sth. 停下来去做…stop doing sth. 停止做…15. play the violin/ piano 拉小提琴/弹钢琴16. two more questions= another two questions另两个问题17. be up to … 由… 而定18. be ready to do sth. = get ready to do sth. 准备做某事19. introduce … to sb. 把……介绍给某人20. have been a…for + 一段时间成为…有一段时间了21. a girl named mary 一个名叫玛丽的女孩22. see a movie = see a film = watch a movie看电影23. get to know 逐渐认识24. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物25. wear clothes = be in clothes 穿着衣服put on clothes 穿上衣服26. dress up 打扮，装扮27. feel lucky to do sth. 做某事感到幸运28. have the pleasure of doing… 很高兴做… 29. make a deal 达成协议30. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事英语冀教版八年级下册第四课知识点(二)第二单元1. do well in = be good at 在……做得好2. have a cough 咳嗽3. be late for：...迟到4. have a math exan：进行一次数学考试5. not… at all 一点也不…6. learn about：学会了解7. in two minutes 两分钟后(将来时) 8. too much sth. 太多的某物(事) 9. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事10. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事11. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最佳方式12. lots of = a lot of 许多的13. help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事14. turn off/ on the light 关掉/打开灯turn down 把…调小turn up 把…调大15. half an hour 半小时half past ten 十点半a quarter = fifteen minutes 一刻钟a quarter to three 差一刻三点three thirty 三点三十分= half past three 三点半a quarter past three 三点一刻= a quarter after three 16. on time 准时;按时(时间点) in time 及时(时间范围内)17. look for：寻找(强调动作) find 找到(强调结果) 18. may be =maybe = perhaps 可能(是),大概;或许; 19. children's day 儿童节mother's day 母亲节father's day 父亲节teachers' day 教师节20. give sb. a talk = give a talk to sb. 给某人做报告21. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起…22. has been to 去过某地has gone to 去了某地has been in 呆在某地23. in the future 在将来24. be convenient for… 对…方便英语冀教版八年级下册第四课知识点(三)第三单元1. national day 国庆节mid-autumn festival 中秋节thanksgiving day = thanksgiving 感恩节2. make a wish 许愿3. such as / for example 比如，例如4. be the same as：与...一样5. blow out：吹灭6. get together：聚在一起7. around the world=all over the world：全世界8. be in fashion：流行9. in early october 十月上旬in late november 十一月下旬10. try (it/ them) on 试穿(它/它们) 11. add… to… 把… 加入… 12. face to face 面对面13. give sb a big hug = hug sb. 拥抱某人14. stay in touch with… 与… 保持联系15. as usual 像往常一样16. find out (通过各种途径)找出;找到17. send sth. to sb. 把某物寄/送给某人18. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人19. best wishes to sb. 向某人致以最美好的祝愿20. on one's thirteenth birthday 在某人十三岁生日之际21. on the top of 在……的上面22. a seven-day holiday 一个七天的假期23. have no luck 不走运24. many thanks for sth. 非常感谢你的某物thanks a lot for doing sth. 非常感谢你做了某事give thanks to... for ... 为... 感谢… 25. fit sb. very well 非常合某人身26. send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth. 给某人邮寄某物27. have to = must 必须;不得不;not have to = needn't 不必28. have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心29.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事30. take a deep breath 做一个深呼吸。

A Teaching Plan for words and phrasesUnit4 why don’t you talk to your parents? Teaching Content: Words and phrasesTeacher: Zou KailanDate：April 1, 2017Class: Class___,___ , Grade EightI. Preparation:Read the new words of this unit.II. The main of developing abilitiesMaster and use the words and phrases of this unitIII. The main points: Master and use the words and phrases of this unitThe difficult points: Use the words and phrases of this unitIV. Teaching Aids: PPT and a tape recorder.V. Teaching Procedures:Teaching Procedures Students’ activities Teacher’s activities PurposesKnow the learning content. Read the title and look throughthe studying aims. Show the title and studyingaims.Let Ss know the aims ofthis lesson.Check the preparations Read the words and phrases ofthis unit. 1.Show the words.2.Check by asking some Ssto read.Remember the newwords and prepare forthe following the usingof words and phrasesLead-inToday we will study the wordsand phrases of unit 4 Arouse Ss’ interest andunderstandSelf-study guidance 1:Task1:Read these sentences Task2:summarize the using of the words and phrasesTask3:share the answers to the studentsTask 4 : write down the key language pionts. Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using ofthe words and phrasesTask3:share the answers to thestudentsTask 4 : write down the keylanguage pionts.Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using ofthe words and phrasesTask3:share the answers to thestudentsTask 4 : write down the keylanguage pionts.1. Help studentsmaster the keylanguage pointsSelf- study guidance 2 1.Give necessary helpSelf-study guidance 2: Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using of the words and phrasesTask3:share the answers to the students Task 4 : write down the key language pionts. Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using of thewords and phrasesTask3:share the answers to the studentsTask 4 : write down the key languagepionts.1.Walk around theclassroom and give Ss somehelp.2. Give some indicationsand requirements beforelistening3. Play the tape recorder &check the answers.to Ss.2.Prepare for thefollowing listeningtasks.3.Training Ss’listeningabilities.Self-study guidance 3:Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using of the words and phrasesTask3:share the answers to the students Task 4 : write down the key language pionts. Task1:Read these sentencesTask2:summarize the using of thewords and phrasesTask3:share the answers to the studentsTask 4 : write down the key languagepionts.1.Walk around theclassroom and give Ss somehelp.2. Correct the answers.3.Give ss some advice.1.Give necessary help toSs.2.Let student make newconversation.Learn for practice 1. Do some exercise for key points. 1.Walk around theclassroom and give Ss somehelp.2.Show the ideas forstudentsConsolidate the usage ofthe sentence pattern“whydon’t you do?=why not do?You could /should do….”Summary Try to have a summary. Guide Ss to have asummary and give somehelp. Review the target language.The next preparations. 1.Read and memorize the words inthe next lesson.2.Read the article in 3a. Show Ssthe next preparations.Prepare the next lesson.VI. Blackboard LayoutTitle: Unit4 why don’t you talk to your parents?Words and phrasesTeaching Content:1.relate---(名词）municate---(名词）3.argue---(名词）4.cloud---(形容词）5.second---(副词）6.explain---(名词7.clear---(副词）pete--(名词）9.press--(名词）10.quick--(副词）11.develop--(名词）ual--(反义词）。