高中英语语法讲练一句子成分;简单句并列句和复合句--高中英语

语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）To swim/swimming in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式/动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

高中英语句子成分分析(简单句与复合句)简单句概述:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)即只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。

也就是说，各个句子成分均由单词或短语充当的句子叫简单句。

如：More and more Chinese people are learning English now.现在越来越多的中国人在学英语。

My father and mother go to work at7am and come back home at 6pm.我的父亲和母亲每天早上七点去上班，下午六点才回家。

六种基本句子结构句子的基本结构有下列六种：1).主语+系动词+表语如：All the students are on the playground.The problem is who can really repair the machine.问题是谁能真正修理这台机器。

2).There be句型（又叫存在句）（可用不同的时态和情态动词）如：There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years.在过去六十年里，广告有过一些重大的变化。

There must have been great achievements made.Otherwise they wouldn’t have been so pleased.他们一定取得了巨大的成就，要不然他们不会这么高兴的。

If there were no examinations,we should have a much happier time at school.如果没有考试，我们在学校读书会更为快乐。

3).主语+谓语（不及物动词）如：We work hard at English.我们努力学习英语。

He doesn’t work here any longer.他已不在这儿工作了。

语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

高中英语语法之句子成分句子成分（概述）一、主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句（名词性从句里会细讲主语从句）等均可作主语。

*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water. 微风使水面泛起涟漪（名词短语作主语）*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。

（代词作主语）*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。

（数词做主语）*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。

（名词化的形容词作主语，注意the+形容词表一类人，谓语用复数。

主谓一致会详细讲解）*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。

（不定式短语作主语，“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念，谓语用单数。

）*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。

（动词-ing形式短语作主语）*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。

（从句作主语）二、谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

（详细参考“主语与动词”笔记）*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.三、宾语：1. 定义：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。

高中英语语法专题知识点梳理总结与练习（并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）简单句/并列句/复合句根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

一、简单句：简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。

在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。

简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。

1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）这一句型中的的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有宾语，但常带有状语。

The train will leave soon.2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语这一句型中谓语动词是及物动词，它必须带有自己的宾语。

They want to have a rest.As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. 作为一名外向女孩，我和同学们相处的很好。

3.主语+系动词+表语This machine is in good condition.这台机器状况良好The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。

一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。

该句型中常见谓语动词有：give, bring(带给某人某物）, tell, send(送给某人某物），pass(递给某人某物），show(给某人看某物），etc.She brought me a shirt.Pass him the dictionary, please.5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语该句型中谓语动词为及物动词，它后面跟了个复合宾语结构（即宾语+宾语补足语），宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况，直接跟在宾语后面。

在这一结构中，宾补与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。

简单句：英语的五大基本句型！一、基本句型汉译英练习主谓结构说明：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.翻译练习：1.你应当努力学习。

2.她昨天回家很晚。

3.那天早上我们谈了很多。

4.会议将持续两个小时。

5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。

8.每天八时开始上课。

9.这个盒子重五公斤。

10.五年前我住在北京。

11.爱丽丝很会游泳。

12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。

13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。

14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。

15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。

二.Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。

系动词主要包括：A）be动词。

如am,is are,was,were.如：He is clever.She is a beautiful girl.B)除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词。

如：feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。

如：This kind of cloth feels soft.That flower smells good.The food tastes delicious.That piece of music sounds beautiful.He looks ill today.2)表变化和结果的动词。

如：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。

-------主语是句子的主体，是一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语一般是由名词，代词或数词充当。

2. 谓语( predicate ) ------ 谓语通常由动词充当，位于主语之后。

3. 宾语( object ) ------ 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。

宾语一般由名词或代词充当。

4. 定语( attributive ) ------ 定语对名词或代词加以修饰或限定。

定语通常由形容词担任，也可以由名词，副词词组，介词词组，非谓语形式和从句充当。

5. 状语( adverbial ) ------ 状语主要用以修饰动词，形容词和副词，一般由副词充当。

介词词组，非谓语形式和从句也可以充当状语。

6. 补语( complement ) ------ 补语补充说明主语或宾语的身份和特征，分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语( object complement)。

主语补足语位于连系动词后，也称为表语，一般由名词或形容词担任。

7. 同位语( Appositive) --- 解释说明句中名词具体内容，与其具有同等意义的成分。

III．句子的基本类型句子结构与成分详解I.简单句1. 简单句的分类英语的简单句分为5种基本句型，句子再长，句子中的这些主要成分还是这5类。

(1) 主语+谓语：I waited and waited. She came.(2) 主语+谓语+宾语：I ate three hamburgers.(3)主语+谓语(系动词)+表语：My name is David. I am a teacher. I feel happy today.(4) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补：(当主谓宾结构无法将句子表达完整时，需要宾语补足语)Everyone calls me David. （名词作宾补）We found the hall full. （形容词做宾补）I saw him running in the street yesterday. （-ing分词结构作宾补）I saw him knocked down by a car yesterday. （-ed分词结构作宾补）(5) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语My teacher gave mea book yesterday.2.定语：形容词，-ing动名词/分词，-ed分词以及从句都可以做定语。

一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad hasonly two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where练习二一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here （）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?A. hasn’t heB. isn’t heC. isn’t itD. hasn’t it3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass, ____?A. shan’t weB. shall weC. won’t weD. will you5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?A. do IB. don’t IC. is heD. isn’t he6. You had better not smoke here, ____?A. will youB. had youC. shall youD. have you7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.A. Henry hasn’t tooB. Henry also has not eitherC. neither Henry hasD. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”A. WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he?---- ____.A. Yes, he isn’tB. No, he isn’tC. No, he isD. He is14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell meD. If you tell me19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.A. do youB. will youC. didn’t youD. don’t you30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）答案：练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB练习二：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time （简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. won’t there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!7. How often does this magazine come out? 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining!10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?。

高中英语句子成分和句子种类
在高中英语中，句子的成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

以下是常见句子种类和其成分的示例：
1.简单句：只包含一个主语和一个谓语。

- 主语 + 谓语：She runs every morning.（主语为She，谓语为runs）
2.并列句：由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成。

- 简单句 + 连词 + 简单句：She studies hard, but she still gets low grades.（第一个简单句的主语为She，谓语为studies，第二
个简单句的主语为she，谓语为gets）
3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。

- 主句 + 从句：I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.（主
句的主语为I，谓语为will go；从句的主语为it，谓语为doesn't rain）
4.疑问句：用于提问，通常以动词开头。

- 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分：Do you like ice cream?（动词为Do，主语为you）
5.祈使句：用于发出命令、请求、建议等，通常省略了主语。

- 谓语 + 其他成分：Close the door, please.（谓语为Close）
6.感叹句：表示强烈的情感或感叹，通常以感叹词开头。

- 感叹词 + 主句：What a beautiful sunset!（感叹词为What）
这些只是常见的句子种类和示例，实际上还有其他不同类型的句子，具体的情况需要根据语境和句子的用途来判断。

初高中英语衔接之语法基础第一节句子成分句子由句子成分组成。

句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。

它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。

请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。

Knowledge is power.She is a small eater.Three will be enough for us.The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .To see ___ to believe._____ (read) books is my hobby._______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.改错1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.2. Disabled should be respected.3. Our school has taken place great changes.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。

谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。

Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.They ______(finish) the work so far.They _________(swim) in the river now.2.情态动词+动词We must study English hard.Water can be dangerous.You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.May I come in?I may go with you, but I'm not sureShe cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。

语法点拨1 句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型组成句子的不同部分叫句子成分。

具体说来，句子成分可分为：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语。

方便起见，分别用、____、、、()、[]、〈〉表示这7种成分。

一．主语主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者是什么情况。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词以及从句来充当,常位于句首。

用“”标出下列句子的主语，并指出由什么来充当。

12．To say it is one thing；to do it is another.3．The rich should help the poor.4．What your mother said was true.5．Teaching is interesting.6. The first is the best.二．谓语谓语用来说明主语做了什么动作。

谓语由动词(或动词短语)充当，常位于主语之后1．Practice makes perfect.2．He has caught a bad cold.3．Man must eat in order to live.Ⅰ.用“____”标出下列句子的谓语。

1．We are studying English hard.2．You may go to play football now.3．He is fast asleep.4．Do you practise speaking English every morning?5．Mike has to look after his sick mother.6．I have been dreaming of being admitted into a top university.三.宾语词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句来充当。

用“”画出下列句子中的宾语，并指出由什么来充当。

1．I love China very much.2．Finally my father gave up smoking successfully.3．Do you understand what I mean?4. I like fruits.5．Everybody knows her.6．I want four.7. We should help the old and the injured8. I’d like to have some coffee.四．表语系动词后面的成分就是表语终止系动词主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意用“”画出下列句子中的表语，并指出由什么来充当。

新教材高中英语学案译林版必修第一册：简单句、并列句和复合句1．简单句：只含有一个主谓结构。

简单句有五种基本句型。

(1)主语＋不及物动词(主谓)❶He swims.他游泳。

❷The girl is drinking.女孩在喝水。

(2)主语＋及物动词＋宾语(主谓宾)❸Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。

(3)主语＋连系动词＋表语(主系表)❹The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。

❺The map is on the wall.地图在墙上。

(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)(主谓双宾)❻She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。

(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(主谓复宾)❼We keep our classroom clean.我们保持我们的教室干净。

[特别注意] 简单句只有一个主谓结构。

简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。

Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。

(两个谓语，一个主语) 2．并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。

常见的连词(1)表示并列关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。

(2)表示转折或对比关系：but，yet, while, whereas(然而，反之)等。

(3)表示因果关系：for，so等。

(4)表示选择关系：or，either...or...等。

❶I'm going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.我要创作出好的笑话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。

英语句子结构分类英语句子结构分类：简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。

有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。

请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。

The accident happened yesterday afternoonOur English teacher is thirty years old.He put the dictionary in the backpack.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.She kept the door open.My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.2.并列句: 由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。

如：Come here and I’ll help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。

并列连词：一、表转折的并列连词主要有but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等二、表选择的并列连词主要or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要不然)等。

三、表联合的并列连词主要有and, not only, but also,(不但,而且), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。

四、表因果的并列连词主要有for(因为), so(因此)等。

并列句例句：1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet转折连词。

高一英语基础语法复习(句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句)一、句子成分概述(-)◎子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)成分导图概览：句子所叙述的主体，由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、 -名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当：Heworks hard.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

(复合谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词(SQbe, become, get, look, grow. turn, seem^)之表语后。

由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当• 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾吾补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

宾语补足语常做补语的词为形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语、从句.J —般句型为；某些及物动词(如：We should make our town more beau^ful)亠污通常修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

疋|口由形容词、分词i不定武短语i动名词、介词短语或从句充当。

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

常常由副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当.【例句】主语:Two thirds of the water is absorbed ・谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You mav keep the book for two weeks・【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。

女口：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an Americcm.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is excifi哄（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His iob is to teach English・（不定式）His hobby （爱好）is plavin父football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is 些.The class is over.（畐U 词）The truth is that he ha, never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time・（代i司）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数i司）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to s% me.（不定式短语）I enjoy list€"in父to popular music.（动名词短语）I think （that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Don父/nin父.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn't force him to lend his to voa（不定式短语）We saw her eMerinp the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what voiir ciW is死ow.（从句）定语：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a dseloping country; America is a deveSped country.（分词）There are 什lirtv women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代i司）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching! plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quick®.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national collie entrance exami讪ion.（不定式短语）He is in the room making ci model Dkme.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you b叹in、you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1 ・ The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.1 shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.& There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He foundjt important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there, reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean euid tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（一）、谓语（=）、宾语（〜）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Pm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here・ It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark・ Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors- We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. Buthe employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden- It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（一）、状语（=）、补语（〜）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside・ It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat 一too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don°t, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States, In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas clo you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1 • ___ w ill leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2.The weather ___ .A. wet ancl coldB. is wet and coldC・ not wet and cold D. were wet and cold3.The apple tasted ___ .A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ___ were all very tired, but none of ____ w ould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street muchA. crowd 1B. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly&I think necessary to learn English well.A. itsB.itC. thatD. that is9. The doe mad・A. looksB. is looked C・ is beinglooked D. was looked10.1 will never forget the day I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（-）◎子的分类导图1）陈述句（肯定、否定）2）疑间句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）按句子的用途分：, -------------------------------------------.3）祈使句4）感叹句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）:2）并列句：由并列连词（and. but. orW）或分号（；）把两个或两个以按句子的结构分：上的简单句连在一起构成。

句子成分讲解摘要：句子成分主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语同位语句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句五大基本句型主谓主系表主谓宾主谓宾宾补主谓间宾直宾练习一、句子成分I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.I主语、met谓语、friend宾语、my best定语、Tom同位语、at the station地点状语、yesterday时间状语主语：定义：主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。

主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。

作主语的成分：名词Jane is good at playing the piano.代词She went out in a hurry.数词Four plus four is eight.动词不定式To see is to believe.动名词Smoking is bad for health.the+形容词The young should respect the old.从句What he has said is true.注意：在倒装句、疑问句、感叹句中，句子主语可放在谓语之后eg.Do you like it?在祈使句中，主语you常常省略。

eg.Don’t move.谓语：定义：主语的动作或主语所具有的特征和状态, 一般在主语之后。

分类：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成He likes reading.When he reads books,he often listens to music.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形构成☆基本助动词be、do、haveI can swim.She has finished the homeworkI don’t like apples.由系动词加表语构成I am a student. I am beautiful.宾语定义；谓语动词的对象或承受者。

一般位于及物动词或者介词后。