下载文档原格式
江苏师范大学翻译硕士真题257Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.1.Do you regularly have your students in front of their peers without preparation?A.performedB.to performC.performD.performing2.He went ahead_____all warnings about the danger of his mission.A.in case ofB.because ofC.regardless ofD.prior to3.The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been______filled in.A.consequentlyB.regularlyprehensivelyD.properly4.The match was cancelled because most of themembers______a match without a standard court.A.objected to havingB.were objected to haveC.objected to haveD.were objected to having5.Getting this program______the ground took many hours of seeking permission from publishers and authors.A.fromB.onC.ofD.off6.Britain's press is unusual______it is divided into two very different types of newspaper:the the quality press and the popular press.A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that7.In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to_____dreams were likely to be highly respected.A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impart8.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning,whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on______.A.consciousnessB.impulseC.instinctD.response9.The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied______in the area on the night of the fire.A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be10.Why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is_______me.A.aboveB.outsideC.besideD.beyond11.As far as the rank is concerned,an associate professor is_______to a professor though they are almost equally knowledgeable.A.attachedB.subsidiaryC.previousD.inferior12.This book will show the readers_______can be used in other contexts.A.how that they have observedB.that how they have observedC.how what they have observedD.that they have observed13.______your opinions are worth considering,the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.A.AsB.SinceC.ProvidedD.While14.Although Asian countries are generally more_______in social customs than Western countries,there have several notable examples of women in both China and India.A.conservativeB.confidentialprehensiveD.consistent。
江苏2015考研英语真题及答案不经一番寒彻骨，怎得梅花扑鼻香。
大家一年的努力将在12月底的考场中得到验证，将在考后首发江苏2015考研英语真题及答案，更多考研真题及答案尽在，欢迎大家点击查看!为了扫清大家写作时遇到障碍，小编为大家精心总结考研写作高频句型、词组搭配：1. 随着经济的繁荣 with the booming of the economy2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard3. 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣 add much spice / flavor to our daily life5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that…6. 我同意前者(后者)观点 I give my vote to the former / latter opinion。
7. 引起了广泛的公众关注 Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention。
8. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
9. 开阔眼界 widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision10. 考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into consideration11. 从另一个角度 from another perspective12. 致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…13. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly keen social competition14. …有其自身的优缺点… has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons15. 对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to16. 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas / emotions / information17. 跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…18. …的健康发展the healthy development of…19. 把时间和精力放在…上focus one's time and energy on…20. 导致很多问题 give rise to / lead to / spell various problems21. 可以替代think的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that22. 优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。
2015年英语一真题翻译第一篇：2015年英语一真题翻译2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section IUse of English 尽管没有血缘关系，但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同，有1%的相同基因。
这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。
这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人，在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。
同一批人用在了两组样本里。
尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义，但对基因学家来说却并非如此。
正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的：“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲，却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。
”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。
目前为止，嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。
或许，正如研究团队说的那样，相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中，而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。
有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友，而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。
研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。
研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快，社会环境是主要的促进因素。
研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。
尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选，但还是要保证所有实验对象，包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。
Section IIReading Comprehension Part AText 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中”。
但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。
如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。
精选全文完整版2015年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower leve ls of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many o f them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingu a franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companie s in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this tog ether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegia nce to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] tofit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, whichdo not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It i s a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling toachieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考答案】【1-5】CDCAC 【6-10】ABDBD 【11-15】AABDC 【16-20】DADBB【21-25】ACDCCA 【26-30】CACDD 【31-35】ACDAC 【36-40】BCBBA【41-45】DEGAC【翻译参考译文】想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。
2015考研英语试题T ext1英汉对照GuangXi Normal University Translated by LiLunMonday, April 20th, 2015Para.1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted "kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?西班牙胡安〃卡洛斯国王曾固执认为“国王不会让位，除非他们死于睡梦。
”但是令人尴尬的丑闻及共和党左翼在最近的欧盟选举中大受欢迎使得胡安〃卡洛斯收回自己的话并且退位。
所以，西班牙王室危机是否表明君主制末日来临？是否意味着对所有穿着华服、过着奢华生活的欧洲皇室的不祥之兆？Para.2The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.西班牙的情况引起了支持和反对君主制的争论。
XX师X大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题参考答案要点解析841/842英语写作与翻译你看酒杯是半满而不是半空吗？你的眼睛是关注于炸面圈而不是那个洞吗？当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的力量时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉与大约15000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以与失败，它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
〞“你的能力固然重要，〞匹兹堡的卡内基——梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说。
“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。
〞在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调查。
他们发现。
在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。
在新雇佣的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。
In a history that spans over 5000 years, China has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one, especially in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of China. 95 years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China's progress. 57 years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning dependence and liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China where people became their own masters. 28 years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts. Between 1978 and 2005, China's GDP grew from ＄147.3 billion to ＄2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volumewent up from ＄20.6 billion to ＄1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from ＄167 million to ＄818.9 billion. Duringthis period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny andadvanced the cause of human progress.阅读1.The definition depicts the meaning of alcoholism which is defined by the writer, therefore, it also conveys the writer’s attitude to it as well and we know it by the word “disease〞to feel the writer’s thoughts of it.As for the writer’s attitude, after a long detailed narration of alcoholism in the first paragraph, he points out that alcoholism is not only harmful to physical and mental health of the alcoholic but also to the alcoholic’s family, which has already express the writer’s attitude. Through the whole essay, we can further believe that the writer think alcoholism is very dangerous and harmful to everyone and he is full of hatred for alcoholism by his own experience.2.The introduction mainly talks about alcoholism and concludes the side effect of it by the last line, which just extracts his experience and feeling about it without abruption. The body paragraph develops smoothly on the basis of the introduction, especially the conclusion.3.The essay first introduces alcoholism by a large words. Then it draws forth his own experience and at last he realized that his father was in facta human persecuted by alcoholism. From the sequence, we can see that the essay goes forward gradually and it seems to develop by psychological time and logic sequence.4. From the whole essay, we can know that the writer hated alcoholism very much because his father was lost to alcoholism. Once his father drank, he could turn into a monster that the writer was hateful and scared. However, the writer seemed to understand his father’s sufferings and forgive him. He realized his father was also a victim of alcoholism. The writer’s thoughts changed as he became more mature. Here we see the end is actually the writer’s thoughts on his father from hatred to understanding. The end is full of narration and also expresses his emotion for his father.作文Reactions to DisappointmentAs we all know, not everything is going smoothly and everyone has undergone something bad to disappoint themselves. Different people have different reactions to disappointment. The optimistic will not be discouraged and fight again and again.Firstly, let’s see the reactions to disappointment from the point ofoptimists. We have to admit people’s first action to disappointment is always escaping including optimists. However, optimists will change their attitude and mind quickly so that nobody can notice it . For example, when the optimist can’t find a job they may firstly think of the reason why they can’t be employed and then adjust themselves to fight. They may believe that they are luck to be unemployed because there will be a good and suitable job for them. Optimists always keep their spirit high even they will sometimes doubt but they are still full of hope for life.However, pessimists show different way. They are subordinate to their instinct faced with the disappointment without fighting and than lose themselves to the irresistible pain. For instance, the story I have heard recently was about a person who had a chance to deliver a speech and he was excited and nervous all the times, especially on the stage. He made some mistakes and people present laughed again and again. Although he finally finished his speech, it was his first and last speech. It was not lack of chance to make a speech but it was he who can’t stand on the stage with courage. He was just beaten. His action to the disappoint of his first speech is only to escape and be addicted to his failure. Pessimists concentrate on disappointment just like a crown, only escaping and not recovering again.To conclude, people handle it with different actions, optimistic or pessimistic. However, disappointment is an experience that everyonemust undergo and the best way to face it is to smile and be optimistic.。
2015年考研英语一真题解析:翻译Directions：Part CRead the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined sentences into Chinese . Your translation should bewritten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth andearly eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-sweptfrom Europe to America.(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built anation out of a w ilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an unchartedcontinent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peopleswith their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a n ew country whichmodified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlanticcame successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans , Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the newworld.(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varie dnational groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world way s in a raw,new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in manyways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United Sta tescrossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explo rations ofNorth America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been establishe d in Mexico, theWest Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifullyovercrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they sur vived on barely enough foodallotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, man y passengers died of disease, andinfants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, andoften calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible reli ef. Saidone recorder of events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a ne w-blown garden.Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(5 0)The virgin forest with itsrichness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house whichextended from Maine all the waydown to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. H ere was the raw material of houses andfurniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval store s.【参考答案】46.在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination, also known as the "考研" in China, is a crucial exam for many students seeking to pursue their postgraduate studies. Among the subjects included in this exam is English, which tests candidates' language proficiency and reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2015 English exam paper, along with the answers and explanations for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section of the 2015 exam, candidates were required to read four passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a range of topics such as literature, science, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, where candidates had to choose the most appropriate answer from the given options.Passage 1:The first passage focused on the importance of sleep and its impact on human health. Questions related to the effects of sleep deprivation, the benefits of regular sleep patterns, and the methods to improve one's sleep quality.Passage 2:The second passage discussed the concept of "emotional intelligence" and its significance in personal and professional success. Candidates weretested on their understanding of the term, its components, and its practical applications in various situations.Passage 3:Passage 3 explored the relationship between language and thought. It examined the influence of language on one's perception of reality and the concept of linguistic relativity. Questions revolved around the hypothesis and examples presented in the passage.Passage 4:The final passage focused on the rise of e-books and their impact on the publishing industry. Candidates were required to comprehend the challenges faced by traditional publishing houses, the advantages of e-books, and the future prospects of this digital medium.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test section aimed to assess candidates' vocabulary and grammar skills. In this section, a passage was provided with several gaps, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the options given to fill in the blanks. The passage often revolved around a specific theme or topic, allowing candidates to showcase their understanding of context and language usage.Section 3: Error CorrectionThe Error Correction section tested candidates' ability to identify and correct grammatical mistakes in given sentences. Each sentence contained one or more errors, ranging from verb tense errors to subject-verb agreementproblems. Candidates had to carefully analyze each sentence and mark the part that needed correction.Section 4: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate English sentences into Chinese. This section aimed to evaluate candidates' translation skills and their understanding of both languages. The sentences often included idiomatic expressions or cultural references, challenging candidates to convey the intended meaning accurately.Section 5: WritingIn the Writing section, candidates were given a choice of essay topics and required to write a well-structured and cohesive essay. The topics covered a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues, allowing candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, argumentation, and essay writing skills.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided an overview of the 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination English paper. We have discussed the various sections of the exam, including Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, Error Correction, Translation, and Writing. By familiarizing themselves with the questions and answers from the 2015 exam, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all those undertaking the "考研"!。
