考博英语翻译及写作真题解析与强化练习-考博英汉翻译重点词汇、词组和例句【圣才出品】

第一章英译汉第一节考博英语英译汉部分考核要求和试题分析一、考博英语英译汉部分考核要求全国博士生入学考试英语翻译题（英译汉部分）的类型一般分为四类：语句翻译、段落翻译、篇章翻译和文章中划线句的翻译。

英译汉的部分，以段落翻译居多，其类型一般也分为语句翻译、篇章翻译（就一个主题进行说明、描述和论证）。

对文章中划线句进行翻译的形式出现的较少。

根据原国家教委1992年颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》规定，博士生“英语入学水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的通过水平”。

而硕士生英译汉教学要求是“能借助词典，把有相当难度的一般性题材文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。

笔译速度达到每小时350个左右英文单词。

”汉译英的教学要求是“能借助词典，将一般难度的短文译成英语，无重大语法错误，笔译速度达到每小时250个左右汉字。

”目前，国家对博士生入学英语考试未作统一规定，由各院校自行安排。

因而，博士生入学考试英语翻译的考核标准和要求只能参照硕士生的要求。

如天津大学主要是考查汉译英，要求将一般性题材的汉语短文在正确理解基础上翻译成规范、通顺的英语。

译文要求忠实原文，表达基本正确，无重大语言错误。

现在，普遍的情况是要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。

主要测试考生能否从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。

更加注重在特定的语境下和联系上下文理解句子或句群的意思。

形式越来越灵活，强调考查学生对英语的运用能力，能力测试的趋势增强。

二、考博英语英译汉部分试题分析通过对国内主要重点院校近年来翻译部分的变化趋势进行分析，总结出题的特点，把握出题规律。

对博士生在英语方面应该具备的能力和水平的总体认识的变化，极大的影响了题型的结构和各部分分值的变化。

由于各个院校自己命题，院校之间差异较大。

（一）题型的选择和分配1．连续多年不考英译汉或汉译英。

如北京大学2000年至2006年的博士入学试题中没有考翻译题。

考博英语翻译练习题及答案考博英语翻译练习题及答案在学习、工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。

什么样的习题才是好习题呢？以下是小编精心整理的考博英语翻译练习题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

考博英语翻译练习题及答案1考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。

它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的`南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡构成，全长192公里。

长江三峡，无限风光。

瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，尚有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴伴随许多漂亮的神话和感人的传说，令人心驰神往。

译文参照：The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the mostsplendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County,Sichuan Province,to Nanjin Pass in Yichang,Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge,Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge,with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge,the elegance of Wu Gorge,the perilousness of Xiling Gorgeas well as the primitive simplicity of Daning,Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more,each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.点拨：三峡 the Yangtze Rive r’s Three Gorges壮丽 splendid延伸 extend白帝城 White King Town由…构成 consist of瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity神话 fairy tale感人的 moving考博英语翻译练习题及答案2考博英语翻译练习：思乡情考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。

中央民族大学考博英语翻译题解析反译法：一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。

有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。

1)否定译成肯定。

如：I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。

There is no rule that has no exception.任何规则都有例外。

(双重否定).Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealingnew depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。

(双重否定)(真题示范).The United Nations Organization has not，so far，justified thehopes which the people of the world set on it.到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Under such times as mankind has the sense to lower its populationto the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support forall，people will have to accept more“unnatural food”。

除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

考博英语词汇考题详解考博英语词汇考题解密一、动词动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。

该项目对考生的测试点包括：1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力；2)动词用法的掌握程度；3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。

据初步统计在研究生入学考试5500个词汇中，大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。

因此，掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。

在动词部分中，考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力，即遇见一个动词后，能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。

如：evolve v.，第一个词义是“使发展”，第二个词义是“使进化”，第三个词义是“推论”。

在考试中，检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的；考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。

在具备认知能力的基础上，考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。

如：forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke，只能用动词+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v. (发生)，只能用于主动语态，不能以被动的形式出现。

最后，还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。

如：concentrate和associate两个动词，其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。

以下是按照上面三种情况出现的词汇题：1. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.A. ticked awayB. gone outC. broken offD. rung up2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.A. suppliesB. specifiesC. presentsD. withhold3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.A. decideB. refrainC. surpassD. delay第一句表示“外交关系终止”需用动词词组“break off"。

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret.当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密.2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标.3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel.必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行.6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航，海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。

7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major.我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难.8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext forselling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.9.The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.10.Theoretically,their heir's theory of meteorology can explain the meteor.从理论上讲，他们的继承人的气象理论能解释这种大气现象。

一、问：老师，请帮我评一下这篇翻译！谢谢！The field of torts embraces a group of civil wrongs,other than breach of contact,that interfere with person,property,reputation,or commercial or social advantage.侵权行为指的是侵害人身、财产、名誉、商业或社会利益等领域权利的一系列民事侵权行为，它并不是合同法的一个分枝。

While such an act,such as an assult,may sometimes be both a crime punishable by the state in a criminal prosecution and also a tort actionable by the victim in a suit for damages,the criminal prosecution and the damage action are quite separate and unrelated proceedings.但像突袭这样的行为就有可能既涉及到刑事惩罚，又涉及侵权诉讼，前者主要是由国家通过刑事诉讼来完诚，后者主要是由受害人通过损害赔偿诉讼来完成，这是两个完全分开且相互之间没有关联的诉讼过程。

The essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and,though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded,its function is distinct from that of criminal law.and injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceeding.侵权法的功能和刑法的功能是不相同，侵权法的主要目是补偿，偶尔也支持罚金，而刑法的主要目的是惩罚，受害方是不能通过刑事诉讼得到赔偿的。

第一章英译汉第一节考博英语英译汉部分考核要求和试题分析一、考博英语英译汉部分考核要求全国博士生入学考试英语翻译题（英译汉部分）的类型一般分为四类：语句翻译、段落翻译、篇章翻译和文章中划线句的翻译。

英译汉的部分，以段落翻译居多，其类型一般也分为语句翻译、篇章翻译（就一个主题进行说明、描述和论证）。

对文章中划线句进行翻译的形式出现的较少。

根据原国家教委1992年颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》规定，博士生“英语入学水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的通过水平”。

而硕士生英译汉教学要求是“能借助词典，把有相当难度的一般性题材文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。

笔译速度达到每小时350个左右英文单词。

”汉译英的教学要求是“能借助词典，将一般难度的短文译成英语，无重大语法错误，笔译速度达到每小时250个左右汉字。

”目前，国家对博士生入学英语考试未作统一规定，由各院校自行安排。

因而，博士生入学考试英语翻译的考核标准和要求只能参照硕士生的要求。

如天津大学主要是考查汉译英，要求将一般性题材的汉语短文在正确理解基础上翻译成规范、通顺的英语。

译文要求忠实原文，表达基本正确，无重大语言错误。

现在，普遍的情况是要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。

主要测试考生能否从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。

更加注重在特定的语境下和联系上下文理解句子或句群的意思。

形式越来越灵活，强调考查学生对英语的运用能力，能力测试的趋势增强。

二、考博英语英译汉部分试题分析通过对国内主要重点院校近年来翻译部分的变化趋势进行分析，总结出题的特点，把握出题规律。

对博士生在英语方面应该具备的能力和水平的总体认识的变化，极大的影响了题型的结构和各部分分值的变化。

由于各个院校自己命题，院校之间差异较大。

（一）题型的选择和分配1．连续多年不考英译汉或汉译英。

如北京大学2000年至2006年的博士入学试题中没有考翻译题。

1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。

写作Commonly Used Phrases and Patterns.Reduce the CO2 emissionGlobal warming greenhouse gases glacier melting gasesDevelop new energy—solar energy, wind energy, etc.安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive西部大开发 Development of the West Regions 可持续性发展 sustainable development风险投资 risk investment 扩大内需 to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction < CAI >学生减负 to reduce study load拉关系 try to curry favor with 劳动合同制 labor contract system老生常谈,陈词滥调 cut and dried 老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise 礼尚往来 Courtesycalls for reciprocity. 猎头公司 head-hunting company廉政建设 construction of a cleanand honest administration 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政an honest, diligent, pragmatic andefficient government联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress 两院院士academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering 老少边穷地区 formerrevolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas andpoverty-stricken areas 劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods;留得青山在,不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary 留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad流动人口 transient population 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines 论文答辩 <thesis> oral defense 绿地覆盖率 forest coverage rate 绿化 afforestation 绿色食品 organic food满意度 degreeof satisfaction 民族凝聚力 national cohesion 买一送一 buy one get one free磨洋工dawdle along 模拟测试 mock test; simulated exam莫失良机 make hay while thesun shines目标管理 management by objectives难得糊涂 Where ignorance is bliss, it's follyto be wise. 南水北调 South-to-North water diversion南水北调工程 divert water from thesouth to the north project闹情绪 be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique内环路 inner ring road 泡沫经济 bubble economy能进能出,能上能下competent to work both at the top and at thegrass roots 贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor 平均主义 equalitarianism瓶颈制约 "bottleneck"restrictions 企业文化 corporate culture强化班 intensive trainingclass 勤工俭学 work-study program全面实施以德育为核心、以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育carry on the quality education centering on moral education and emphasizing creativity and practice 裙带风 nepotism; petticoat influence人才流失brain drain 人浮于事 overstaffing人工智能 artificial intelligence 人机交互 human-computerinteraction人际交往 human communication 三角债 chain debt塞翁失马,焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing. "三个代表" "three represents" theory <The Party shouldalways represent the development needs of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of China's advanced culture, and always represent thefundamental interests of the largest member of the Chinese people.> "三讲"教育〔讲学习、讲政治、讲正气〕 "three emphases" education <to stress theoretical study, politicalawareness and good conduct> 三资企业 three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures: Sino-foreignjoint ventures<中外合资企业>, cooperative businesses 〔中外合作企业〕 and exclusivelyforeign-owned enterprises in China〔外商独资企业〕 "扫黄"、"打非" eliminate pornography and illegal publications 商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 上网 to get on the Internet 事业单位 public institution社会热点问题 hot issues of society 沙尘暴sand storm; dust storm社会治安情况 public security situation 涉外经济 foreign-related business申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games 身体素质physique; physical constitution生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture 弹性工资flexible pay实践是检验真理的唯一标准 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.试用期 probationary period受灾地区 disaster-affected area 素质教育 education for all-around development跳槽者job-hopper 跳槽 job-hopping土地沙化 desertification of land; desert encroachment 推广科研成果 turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements 退耕还林还草 grain for green脱贫致富 cast <shake, throw> off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth..; cut the ground from under sb's feet 网民 netizen; net citizen; cyber citizen 网上冲浪surf the Internet网上交易平台 online trading platform 网友 net friend文科 liberal arts 无形资产intangible assets无中生有 make/create something out of nothing效益工资achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits效益农业 profitable agriculture 下岗 laid-off workers心理素质 psychological quality 义务教育 compulsory education应试教育 examination-oriented education system 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market远景计划 long-term development targets 欲速那么不达 Haste does not bring success.再就业服务中心 re-employment service center 远程教育 distance education政府上网工程Government Online Project政府职能转变 transform/shift the government functions 政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开 make government affairs public中关村科技园区 Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One man's meat is another man's poison. 自然保护区natural reserve; nature preservation zone自律机制the self-discipline system自我保护意识 self-protection awareness转基因食品 GM food<genetically modified food>Appendix IIIPart Ⅰ: Useful expressions< A >. For Opening an essay1.sayWhen asked about the <vast> majority ofbelieveWhen it comes to ... , most/many people claimFaced withthinkargue----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------regardview/see as... that..., but other people think of ... differently.considerconceive----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. development/improvement/rise/growth of...general recognition/realization/acknowledgement of...With <the> women/children playing an increasingly big role in society/family life,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.a general discussion onissueThere is much debate today about the problempublic controversy nowadays overas to ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------criticizeof ... . Those who ...argue that...object to----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------advocateThey believe that ..., but people who ..., on the otherfavorhand, argue that...----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Currently , there is a <n>generalIn recent yearswidespreadIn the past few years has been growing For many years now widely-held----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------feeling towards feelingconcern over concern thatattitude towards trendtrend towards ... awarenessawareness of realization thatrealization of beliefillusion of----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. growingbeginningNow people in ever-increasing numbers are coming tosignificantgetting----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------believerrealizerecognizeunderstand thatacceptseebe aware----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. believedcommonly thoughtthinkNow, it is widely held that..., they..., butGenerally acceptedbelieveIncreasingly feltrecognizedacknowledged----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I wonder whether...doubt----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------astonishing proportionteenagers7. Recently there is a <n> increasing percentage of whosizable population studentssignificant number ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sudden8. In the past 5 years there has been a dramatic rise inthe crime ratesharp increase divorce ratemarked teenage smoking-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------problembrought to public attention9.. Recently the issue of... has been posed among peoplequestion in the limelight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------loomed controversial10. The problem of... has now arisen asissue cropped up noteworthy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------idea untrueopinion foolishview dangerousNo belief more undesirable than notion is basic nowthe one that...issue so importantastrend essentialattitude emotion-rousing---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- widely<which is now commonly held by...>generally---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12. Never in Chinese history ideaevidentNowhere in the world has the issue of ... been more popular than...change< B > Transitional words1> Sample writing:What explains the growing trend toward delayed childbearing?First,In the first place,To start with, the high divorce rate is making newlyweds think twice about starting a For one thing, family right away.First of all,Secondly,Besides,In addition,Furthermore, many young couples want to be more financially secure before having children. What's more,For another thing,Finally,Above all, More married women prefer to devote time to their careers before having a baby. Thirdly,2> Connectives and transitional phrases for chronological development:first, second, etc. soon eventuallyin the meantime then thereuponat the same time next thereafterafter an interval now afterpresently later afterwardsomewhat later finally at last3> Connectives and transitional phrases for analytical development:first, second, etc. now for this purposebut as a result furthermorefinally at last moreoveralso consequently likewiseanother for example nextyet for instance on the contraryonce in addition in summarysuch in this case on the. other handthen otherwise in conclusionthus in closing therefore4> Connectives and transitional phrases for comparisons:another furthermore moreoverequally important too, also at the same timebesides then accordinglyin fact in addition to like, likewisesimilarly just as... so in the same way5> Connectives and transitional phrases for contrasts:on the contrary different from/in contraston the other hand todespite in spite ofyet, but whereasunlike neverthelessnot only .... but also here ....thereyears ago ....today- this ....thatthe former ....the latter then ....nowthe first ... whereas the second some ....otherson the one hand .... on the other once .... now< C > Phrases to Sum UpIn summary,In short,On the whole, This trend represents a sharp break with this nation's traditionalIn conclusion, preoccupation with the needs of children.In a word,< D > A special group of sentence structures汉语中有许多习惯用语.其中有的是用"人们"、"有人"、"大家"等作主语,有的看来是无主句,有的那么是句子中的独立成分,如"应该说"、"必须指出"、"已经证明"等, 在英语中那么常用it 作形式主语的句型来表达这些习惯语.人们〔有人、大家〕认为……It is considered <or thought > that…普遍〔一般、通常〕认为……It is generally <usually > accepted <or agreed, recognized> that…人们〔有人、大家〕相信……It is believ ed that…众所周知……It is well-known that…据说〔有人说〕……It is said that…据悉…… It is learned that…据推测……It is supposed that…据估计〔预计〕……It is estimated <predicated, calculated> that…据报导……It is reported that…必须指出…… It must be pointed out that…必须〔应该〕承认……It must <shou ld > be admitted that…可见〔可以看出〕……It will be seen that…由此可见……It will be seen from this that…不用说〔谁都知道〕……It is understood that …无可否认……It cannot be denied that…已经证明……It has been proved that…可以肯定……It may be confirmed that…可以有把握地说……It may be safely said t hat…人们有时会问……It is sometimes asked that…人们希望……It is expected <hoped > that…<21> 毫不夸X地说……It is no exaggeration to say that……Samples:Sample one:China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers. Yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. There are two main reasons, in my opinion, which contribute to this situation.On the one hand, the environment is not good enough for scientists. In order to make a great progress in research, in addition to man’s e ffort, it needs a large and long-term investment of money for equipments and labs. But as we know, our government support the scientists with good working condition less generously than other foreign countries such as America, England etc.On the other hand, the education system lead to this situation directly. The reform of education system from exam-oriented education to all-round development education have been conducted many years, but it doesn’t work efficiently. Under the exam-oriented education, students only learn the skills of how to obtain high score, rather than the ability of study and research by themselves. And this ability is vital to become a successful scientist.All in all, I think if China want to produce a single Nobel Prize winner. It should invest more money and accelerate the education system reform first.。

学苑教育名师倾情奉献考博英语翻译热点词汇总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of taiwan"台湾当局taiwan authorities台湾同胞taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

taiwan is an inalienable part ofthe chinese territory。

西部大开发development of the west regions可持续性发展sustainable development风险投资risk investment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学computer—assisted instruction （cai ）网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtual reality网民netizen （net citizen )电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务the e-business网上购物shopping online应试教育exam—oriented education学生减负to reduce study load下岗laid—off workers下海plunge into the commercial sea下网off line小康之家well-off family; comfortably—off family新秀up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类new human being ；x generation信息港info port形象小姐/ 先生image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网virtual net学生处students’affairs division研究生毕业证/ 学位证graduate diploma/graudate degree’sdiploma 摇钱树cash cow以人为本people oriented；people foremost义务教育compulsory education易拉罐pop can应试教育examination-oriented education system舆论导向direction of public opinion运球dribble在职博士生on—job doctorate早恋puppy love招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange知识产权intellectual property rights中专生secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店exclusive agency；franchised store自我保护意识self-protection awareness综合国力comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital network （isdn）公正、公平、公开just, fair and open好莱坞大片hollywood blockbuster黄金时段prime time假唱lip—synch劲射power shot拉拉队cheering squad来电显示电话机caller id telephone论文答辩（thesis) oral defense泡沫经济bubble economy票贩子scalper，ticket tout拳头产品competitive products；knock—out products; blockbuster三角恋爱love triangle三维动画片three—dimensional animation”扫黄" 、”打非" eliminate pornography and illegalpublications申办奥运会bid for the olympic games实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinesenation市场疲软sluggish market素质教育education for all-around development筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富cast (shake，throw）off poverty and set out on a road toprosperity 网吧internet bar网恋online love affair网上冲浪surf the internet网上交易平台online trading platform网友net friend无人售票self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller id无线应用协议wap （wireless application protocol ）2013年考博英语院校招生简章-学苑教育。

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习〔1-10，含详解〕专项练习 1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。

古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。

今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。

科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。

【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习 2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10 磅。

一、政治类：二、把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities三、把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society四、把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies五、把…作为指导 take… as the guide六、把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …七、把握大局 grasp the overall situation八、摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness九、保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement十、采取各种措施 adopt various measures十一、参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs十二、充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength十三、打破僵局 break the deadlock十四、打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone十五、得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion十六、锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army十七、对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on十八、对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to十九、反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism二十、反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government二十一、高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner二十二、给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to二十三、根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption二十四、观察当今世界 observe the present-day world二十五、缓和紧张状况 ease the tension二十六、回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle二十七、加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform二十八、加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public二十九、opinion三十、坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy三十一、坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 三十二、了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences三十三、减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden三十四、解放思想 emancipate our minds三十五、解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing三十六、解决新问题 resolve new problems三十七、进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world三十八、进入新时期 enter a new period三十九、进行和谈 hold peace talks四十、进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment四十一、就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on四十二、开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impa ct on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。

考博英语阅读训练及全文翻译（一）Overseas students shun UK and US universitiesThe market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．She had a great______ for the toxin where she grew up.A．feelingB．tasteC．emotionD．affection正确答案：D解析：affection(for)n．爱，深挚的感情(注：如果前面有形容词修饰可加不定冠词：A feeling of affection grew up between them．He thanked her with genuine affection．He had a warm affection for his mother．)。

feeling n．感情(中性名词，常有形容词修饰才能说明具体的感情)。

taste(for)n．口味，鉴赏力(have a taste for sth．能欣赏……)。

emotion n．情感，情绪(没有have an emotion for sth．的句型)。

2．The company that Joan works for is ______ with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.(2014年北京航空航天大学考博试题) A．correlatedB．parallelC．affiliatedD．accounted正确答案：C解析：本题考查固定搭配。

A有相互关系的：B使与……平行；C附属的，有关联的；D解释，认为。

句意为：琼工作的公司隶属于一家汽车公司，所以她可以得到一辆新车。

此处“be affiliated with”为固定搭配，意思“隶属于……”，故此处答案为C。

3．The Supreme Court______the judgment of the lower court in that case last week. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)A．amplifiedB．affirmedC．ascendedD．applauded正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是；amplified放大：affirmed认可，批准(法律，判决)：ascended上升，攀登；applauded鼓掌，赞同。

人大考博英语英译汉专项练习（1-6，含详解）专项练习1Top colleges and universities are rushing into online education, but the big news is the proliferation of a new breed of for-profit online institutions bringing Internet education to the masses. “The Internet will probably be the single most democratizing force in education,”says Columbia Business School Dean Meyer Feldberg, who envisions educational programs being routed through the Net to hundreds of millions of people. The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix (/), with some 6, 000 students today and hopes of reaching 200, 000 students in 10 years. The University offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in business management, technology, education and nursing. The institution boasts that if you’re a student “you can earn your degree via the Internet whenever and wherever you want.”The University notes that its degree programs cost far less and may take some students far less time to complete. On the other hand, a Business Week survey of 247 companies found that only a handful would consider hiring applicants who earned their MBA degrees online. Whether that will change as for-profit online universities improve their offerings—and graduates prove their worth —is anyone’s guess.【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广大民众。