2019年语言与文化期末考试答案

2019年期末测试普通话试卷(附答案)班级姓名一、语言文字政策法规知识题 (每题1分，共10分)1.1982年通过《中华人民共和国宪法》第19条明确规定：（C）。

A.国家推广普通话B.推广全国通用的普通话C.国家推广全国通用的普通话2. 国家推广普通话，推行。

（A）A. 规范汉字B. 通用汉字C. 标准汉字3. 国家机关以为公务用语用字。

（B）A. 汉语和汉字B. 普通话和规范汉字C. 中文4.《普通话水平等级测试标准》将普通话水平划分为三个级别，每个级别内再划分为两个等次，其中最高水平和进入最低等级的水平分别为。

（A）A. 一级甲等和三级乙等B. 一级乙等和三级甲等C. 一级甲等和三级甲等5.推广普通话是促使公民普遍具备普通话应用能力，。

（B）A.在任何场合都说普通话，不说方言B. 在正式场合和公共交际场合说普通话C. 只在学校里说普通话6.提倡公共服务行业以为服务用语。

（A）A. 普通话B. 当地方言C. 普通话和当地方言7.国家机关工作人员应达到的普通话等级是不低于。

（C）A. 二级甲等B. 二级乙等C.三级甲等8.语文教师和对外汉语教师应达到的普通话等级是不低于。

（B）A.一级乙等B.二级甲等C.二级乙等9. 国家级电台电视台的播音员、节目主持人应达到的普通话等级是。

（A）A. 一级甲等B. 一级乙等C. 二级甲等10. 普通高等学校、中等职业学校的学生普通话水平应当分别达到以上水平。

（C）A.一级乙等B. 二级甲等C. 二级乙等二、汉语拼音知识（一）给词语选择正确的读音（每题0.5分，共10分）1.号召 A.hào zhào B.hào zhāo2.因为 A.yīn wèi B.yīn wéi3.娱乐 A.yù lè B.yú lè4.兴奋 A.xīnɡ fèn B.xìnɡfèn5.符合 A.fú hé B.fǔ hé6.处理 A.chù lǐ B.chǔlǐ7.着急 A.zhāo jí B.zháo jí 8.卓越 A.zhuó yuè B.zhuō yuè9.包庇 A.bāo pì B.bāo bì 10.答谢 A.dā xiè B.dá xiè11.花蕾 A.huā lěi B.huā léi 12.可憎 A.kě zēnɡ B.kě zènɡ13.分泌 A.fēn bì B.fēn mì 14.称心 A.chèn xīn B.chènɡ xīn 15.模型 A.mó xínɡ B.mú xínɡ 16.亚军 A.yǎ jūn B.yà jūn 17.中肯 A.zhōnɡ kěn B.zhònɡ kěn 18.感召 A.ɡǎn zhào B.ɡǎn zhāo 19.生肖 A.shēnɡ xiào B.shēnɡ xiāo 20.茶几 A.chá jī B.chá jǐ（二）、普通话异读词选择（每题2分，共10分）1.给“挨个、窗框、勉强、相似、暂时”注音，全部正确的一组是 (D)A. āiɡè cuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zhàn shíB. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zhàn shíC. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ shì zàn shíD. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zàn shí2.给“挨打、钞票、教诲、危险、憎恨”注音，全部正确的一组是 (B)A. āi dǎ chǎo piào jiào huǐ wēi xiǎn zènɡ hènB. ái dǎ chāo piào jiào huì wēi xiǎn zēnɡ hènC. ái dǎ chāo piào jiào huǐ wēi xiǎn zènɡ hènD. āi dǎ chǎo piào jiào huì wéi xiǎn zēnɡ hèn3.给“多么、卑鄙、惩罚、比较、一匹马”注音，全部正确的一组是 (C)A. duó me bēi bì chěnɡ fá bǐjiǎo yīpǐmǎB. duó me bēi bǐ chénɡ fá bǐjiǎo yīpīmǎC. duō me bēi bǐ chénɡ fá bǐjiào yīpǐmǎD. duō me bēi bì chěnɡ fá bǐjiào yīpīmǎ4.给“洞穴、处理、一会儿、号召、着急”注音，全部正确的一组是 (A)A. dònɡ xué chǔlǐ yīhuìer hào zhào zháo jíB. dònɡ xuè chùlǐ yīhuìer hào zhāo zhāo jíC. dònɡ xuè chǔlǐ yīhuǐer hào zhào zhāo jíD. dònɡ xué chùlǐ yīhuǐer hào zhāo zháo jí5.给“胆怯、琴弦、恶劣、唾沫、包庇”注音，全部正确的一组是 (A)A. dǎn qiè qín xián èliè tuòm o bāo bìB. dǎn què qín xüán èlì tuòm o bāo pìC. dǎn qiè qín xián èliè tuòm e bāo pìD. dǎn què qín xüán èlì tuòm e bāo bì三、语文基础知识（每题2分，共 40分）1．下列句子中没有错字的一句是。

语言与文化一、单选题（题数：40，共40.0 分）1被称作“美国人类学之父”的是()。

（1.0分）A、索绪尔B、洪堡特C、康托尔D、鲍亚士正确答案：D2 “名无固宜,约之以命。

约定俗成谓之宜,异于约则谓之不宜。

”出自哪位文学家?()（1.0分）A、荀子B、孔子C、孟子D、老子正确答案：A3 ()是西藏那曲中“曲”的藏语含义。

（1.0分）A、湖泊B、河流D、山峰正确答案：B4 “包氏父子”属于哪种所指关系?()（1.0分）A、无限集B、空集C、不定集D、有限集正确答案：D5 ()是英语、汉语、傣语的亲属称谓中都有区分的语义特征。

（1.0分）A、血缘B、长幼C、远近D、性别正确答案：A6首先发现了最大序数悖论的数学家是()。

（1.0分）B、布拉里·福蒂C、华罗庚D、塞万提斯正确答案：A7语言起源的多元论指的是早期智人第几次走出非洲?()（1.0分）A、第四次B、第三次C、第二次D、第一次正确答案：C8我国哪位思想家提出过符号任意性原则?()（1.0分）A、孔子B、孟子C、老子D、荀子正确答案：D9自相论认为语言系统体现了人类什么能力?()（1.0分）A、语言能力B、后天经验能力C、语言能力和后天经验能力的交互作用。

D、遗传正确答案：C10 “语言是有限规则和单位生成无限的句子”这句话出自于哪位语言学家?()（1.0分）A、索绪尔B、洪堡特C、乔姆斯基D、韩里德正确答案：C11智人走出非洲称为()。

（1.0分）A、第一次走出非洲B、第二次走出非洲C、第三次走出非洲D、第四次走出非洲正确答案：B12在语言中形成的最为高级的语言是什么?()（1.0分）A、符号B、英语C、汉语D、数学正确答案：D13 ()是指由词演变成词组的过程。

（1.0分）A、虚化B、语法化C、词汇化D、组合正确答案：C14下列哪类人的进化程度更高?()（1.0分）A、北京人B、元谋人C、山顶洞人D、蓝田人正确答案：C15沃尔夫的()观点认为“同一个物理证据,并不是所有的观察者都得到相同的宇宙图式,除非他们的语言背景相同或相似。

2019－2020学年七年级下学期期末考试语文试卷本试卷满分100分。

考试时间为120分钟。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。

答卷时，必须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

考试结束后，本试题卷由学生自己保留，只将答题卡交回。

注意事项：选择题必须使用2B铅笔将答案标号填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

一、语言积累与应用（10分）1．下列词语中加点字的读音，全部正确．．的一组是（）（2 分）A．猥．（wéi）琐吞噬．（shì）妇孺．（rú）皆知B．愧怍．（zuò）震悚．（sǒng）怏．（yāng）怏不乐C．毋．（wù）宁谰．（nán）语慷慨．（kǎi）淋漓D．告罄．（qìng）无虞．（yú）心有灵犀．（xī）2．下列词语中，没有错别字．．．．．的一组是（）（2 分）A.深霄点缀祸不单行B.迸溅契约诲人不倦C.头颅闲瑕仙露琼浆D.遗憾妥贴忧心忡忡3．下列各句中，加点词语使用恰当．．的一项是（）（2 分）A.春天到了，花香鸟语，草长莺飞．．．．，都是大自然的语言。

B.中国足球队首次征战世界杯，许多媒体随声附和．．．．，竞相报道。

C.电影《战狼2》以抑扬顿挫．．．．的情节和宏伟壮观的场面掀起了全民观影热潮。

D.因为太劳累了，他在床上翻来覆去，很久才酣然入梦．．．．。

4．下列句子中，没．有．语病的一句是（）（2 分）A．在“一带一路”的推进过程中，中国将同哈萨克斯坦一道圆梦、筑梦、追梦。

B．经过近二十年的不懈努力，我国首次海域可燃冰试采成功。

C．“中国诗词大会”节目受到人们的喜爱，是因为其形式新颖，有文化内涵的原因。

D．浅浅的水面托起无数错落的石山、石壁，又折映出婆娑多姿。

5．下列有关作家作品的表述，不正确．．．的一项是（）（2 分）A.《假如生活欺骗了你》选自《普希金诗集》。

2018-2019学年度上学期期末考试高一语文试题命题人：梁冬林复核人：李晓燕一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1～3题。

书斋书斋，顾名思义，是读书的房间，同时也是藏书的地方，还是书写的地方。

读书、藏书、书写是书斋的基本功能。

后来，文物古玩的收藏和鉴赏常在这里进行，诗词歌赋和书法绘画乃至篆刻的切磋和研讨也常常在这里进行。

书斋是以个人名义建立，以主人和密友为主体，进行文化艺术活动的中心。

书斋姓“文”，所以别名称作“文房”。

早在春秋时期，与朝廷兴建的学校——“官学”不同，诸子百家大兴私人讲学之风，诸子家中的讲学之处往往白天是课堂，晚上就成了读书的地方。

这应该就是书斋的雏形。

汉代儒家学者和诗赋作家，往往有自己的书斋从事文化艺术活动。

因此，可以说汉代是书斋兴起的时期。

唐代是一个相对自由、开放、多元化的时期，文化艺术繁荣而发达，学术氛围也比较宽松。

可以说盛唐是书斋成熟的时期，如杜甫在成都的“草堂”，就是典型的文人书斋。

在中国传统宅院中，书斋往往是民居中唯有的精神场所。

它一般位于宅院的僻静之处，如有后花园，必与之相邻，以形成高雅恬淡的良好环境。

书斋有三大特点。

一是文化传承的汇集点。

书斋的主体——读书人或做学问的人，在这里藏书，在这里读书，在这里思索；以往优秀的文化，在这里以研读、考证、校注、阐发的方式得以传承；中华民族的文明之光在这里化整为零，熊熊燃烧，然后又影响社会的发展进程，使文化得到最好的传承和发展。

二是个性创造的发酵池。

书斋是个人的领地，是书斋主人个性得以施展的空间。

在这里，他们的创造力得以进发，从而产生出新的思想，创造出新的艺术，使得文化发展的链条上，不断有闪动的灵光。

三是人与自然和谐的典范。

书斋宜明朗、清净，不可太宽敞。

明净可以使人心情舒畅、神气清爽，太宽敞便会损伤目力。

窗外四壁，藤萝满墙，中间摆上松柏盆景，或剑兰一二盆。

石阶周围种上青翠的芸香草。

2019—2019学年度下学期八年级期末考试语文试题参考答案一、积累与运用。

（25分）1．（6分）（1）白露未已、在水之涘（2）但余钟磬音（3）天之苍苍，其正色邪（4）玉盘珍羞直万钱2.（3分） B (A.jiān— jiàn；C.jīn—jìn；D.sāi—sè)3.（3分） B (A.言—颜，振—震；C.框—眶；D.燥—躁)4.（3分） C（大词小用，不分轻重。

可改为“豁然开朗”或“茅塞顿开”）5.（3分） C （A把“参观”改为“学习”；B删除“造成的”；D“两千多年前新出土的”改为“新出土的两千多年前”。

）6.（3分） C7.（1）（2分）电信诈骗让群众遭受巨大的经济损失，并带来心里痛苦。

（2）（2分）要点：不要透露身份和银行卡信息，更不能向陌生账户存钱；要警惕自称是××局打来的电话；公安机关不会电话要求群众往银行账户存钱；多学习网络防骗知识，增强防骗意识。

(答出两点即可)第 1 页二、阅读。

（45分）（一）（5分）8．（2分）无眠、人生。

9．（3分）D（二）（15分）10．（4分）（1）离开（2）指心理活动，即两种心情（3）下棋（4）酒杯11．（4分）（1）不因为外物的好坏、自己的得失而或喜或悲。

（2）容颜苍老，头发花白，醉醺醺地坐在众人中间，是太守喝醉了啊。

12．（5分）描写、抒情、议论；记叙、描写。

（3分）“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治抱负；与民同乐。

（2分）13．（2分）他们不以物喜不以己悲的宽广胸怀；以天下为己任的精神，为人民服务的精神；吃苦在前享乐在后的精神，无私奉献任劳任怨的精神；不计个人得失的胸怀等。

（答出两点即可）（三）阅读短文，回答问题。

（12分）14．（4分）①耗损电池（电池寿命减短）；②有辐射；③产生深度垃圾文件，使手机运行变得卡顿；④引起APP闪退，甚至引起手机无法正常开启、黑屏等现象。

第 2 页15．（2分）点明了文章说明的主要内容；引发读者的阅读兴趣（思考）。

济南市槐荫区2019 学年度八年级上学期期末考试语文试题（2019.1）本试题共 6 页，满分为 150 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。

答卷前，请考生务必将自己的姓名、座号和准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将考点、姓名、准考证号和座号填写在试卷规定的位置。

考试结束后，将答题卡和试卷一并交回。

注意事项：1．答选择题时，必须使用 2B铅笔填涂答题卡上相应题目的答案标号，修改时，要用橡皮擦干净。

2．答非选择题时，必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔书写，要求笔迹清晰、字体工整。

第Ⅰ卷选择题 (共 29 分)一、（共 20 分）1．下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确．．．．的一项是（）（4 分）A．蹒．跚（pān）踌躇．（chú）倔．强（jiàng）潜．滋暗长（qiǎn）B．秀颀．（qí）婆娑．（suō）遏．制（è）恹．恹欲睡（yǎn）C．洗涤．（dí）濒．临（bīng）记载．（zài）瞠．目结舌（chēng）D．推崇．．（chóng）遒劲．（jìng）雕镂．（lòu）笑容可掬．（jū）2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（4 分）A．田畴顶梁柱摩肩接踵长途跋涉B．序幕易拉罐因地治宜自出心裁C．琐屑懒扬扬无动于衷春寒料俏D．狼藉密匝匝巧妙绝轮妙手偶得3．下列句子中加点成语使用恰当的一项是（）（4 分）A．济南北园高架东延，贯通城市东西，路面开阔平整，坦荡如砥。

B．张老师的课讲得栩栩如生，赢得了全班同学的热烈掌声。

C．对于我们这些平凡的芸芸众生而言，生命也许不辉煌，但同样可以闪光。

D．九如山瀑布叠挂，溪水纵横，飞短流长，甚是壮观。

4．下列句子没有语病的一项是（）（4 分）A．春节贴春联、挂年画、吃饺子、守岁、舞龙舞狮等习俗在民间广为流传。

B．为了提高传统优秀文化特色，学校举办了“雅言诵经典”活动。

C．京剧“国粹”行当全面、表演成熟、气势恢宏，深受戏迷和中老年朋友的喜爱。

最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitionsin Column B.Column A1.最新 2019英语8.mistakes17.语言学期末试题9.interlanguage18.context练习 +答案10.motivation19.blendingngue11.arbitrariness20.culture3.suprasegmental feature12.21.learning strategies4.deep structure13.broad transcription22.selectional restrictions5.predication analysis14.morphology23.phrase structure rules6.idiolect15.category24.culture diffusion7.pidgin16.errors最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案A. Learners ’ indepentdesystem of the second language， which is of neither the nativelanguage nor the second language， but a continuum or approximation from his nativelanguage to the target language. 9B.Learner ’ s attitudes and affective state or learning drive， having a strong impact on hisefforts n learning a second language. 21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D.24E. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people whospeak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents----- arguments and predicates. 5H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.22I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s propertiessubcategorization.4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K.The study of the internal structure of words ， and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner ’conscious， goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.20P.18Q. .19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language，such as a sentence， a noun phrase or a verb. 15S.17T.The ideal user’ s knowledge of the rules of his language12.U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W. They reflect gaps in a learner’ s knowledge of the target，languagenotself-corrigible.16X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word ， whose initial letter has been given.1. “ A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of thea____ nature of language. Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescription of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user Competence’4._. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. Theyare said to be in c____ distribution.7.When pitch ， stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation，they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8. The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers， signifying such concepts as tense， number， case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head，specifier ， and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning ，conceptualist view holds that there is no direct linkbetween a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather ， in the interpretation of meaning theyare linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12. The sense relation between“ animal” and“ dog” hyponymyiscalled____.13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials o f “ World Health Organization Acronym”.17.According to Halliday ， language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.Diffusion19.Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called”， which is a “vfeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme25.The sense relation between autumn”“ and fall“” is calleds____. Synonym26. H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form，i.e. ， different words are identical in sound or spelling ， or in both. Homonymy27.Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “ SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome ”. Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an indi Idiolect30. RP， the short form of“ R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncingstandard English. ReceivedⅢ .Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics ， ____ form the part of language which links together the soundpattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’，s point.e.，of howview the sounds are perceivedby the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental， voiceless fricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back，open and unrounded vowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [?]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat ， biteB. kill ， pillC. peak， pig，D. meat， seat9.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words“ dead and alive” is called ____.A. gradable antonymsB. relational opposites13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y:John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y:My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl ’ s classification of speech， actswhich of the following is an instance ofdirectives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I ’ m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “ Kodak ” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning issimply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27..B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’，s point.e.，ofhowviewa speaker uses his speechorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put ”requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv，. theThusprocess ofputting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntacticcharacteristic is called.A. categorization B . subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30. Which of the following words contains a front ， close and unrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A . faster B. writer C. lovely D. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words borrow“ and lend ” is called ___.A. gradable antonyms B . relational opposites34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y:John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37. According to Searl’ s classification of speech，actswhich of the following is Not an instanceof directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D.I have never seen the man before.38.The word “ brunch ” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologicallyprogrammed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense， number， gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45. There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A.[z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B.[m]C.[b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A.VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant52. When a child uses “ mummy” to refer to any woman ，most probably his “ mummy”means.A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult–MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day ， eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words“ north ” and“ south ” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in thepart of speech.A. BlendingB. Back-formationC. ClippingD. Conversion60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the correspondingbracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general ， but not any particular language ， e.g. English ，Chinese， Arabic ， and Latin ， etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium ofhuman language. F3.In narrow transcription ， we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while inbroad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with thediacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. T5.T6.Of the three phonetics branches ， the longest established one ， and until recently the mosthighly developed ， is acoustic phonetics. F7.The meaning of the word “ seal in”the sentence “ theseal could not be found ”cannot bedetermined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmedfor language. T9.According to co-operative principle ， the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims ， so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.T11.T12. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14. Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds ， language is absolutelyarbitrary. F15.Vowels may be distinguished as front，central and back according to the manner of articulation.F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to languageteaching and learning. F17. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20. According to the innatist view of language acquisition，only when the language is modifiedand adjusted to the level of children F’21.T22.According to Austin ， the performative utterance is used to perform an action， it also has truthvalue. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds oflanguage samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that languagehas two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. Whatare they and how are they related to each other? P662.According to Halliday ， what is register? What are the social variables that determine theregister? P117-1183.P8-94. Give a brief illustration to the“ semantic triangle” suggestedcharsby.P63Ogden-64 and Ri Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin ， what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making anutterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maxims givesrise to conversational implicature? P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules does eachof the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning?Please illustrate briefly.1)He ated the cake yesterday.2)We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3)The table intended to marry the chair.4)My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1.The meaning of sentence And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2.The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality ， which is governed by thegrammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes ， making a sentenceunacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated”and 2) has “will gone ”;3.But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether asentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions ， in other words， constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed ， yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example， as we can find in sentence 3) and4)， no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children ’s story and there is no redpears usually in the world. Therefore ， some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

2019-2020年九年级期末语文考试试卷（含答案）一、知识积累与运用（28分）1、下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）（2分）A.炽．热（chì）嗔．怒（zhēn）销．声匿迹（xiāo）戛．然而止(jiá)B.惬．意（qiè）诘．责（jié）鲜．为人知（xiān）锐不可当．（dāng）C.干涸．（hé）迸．裂（bèng）相形见绌．（chù）不省．人事（xǐng）D.取缔．（dì）畸．形（qí）惟妙惟肖．（xiào）恪．尽职守（kè）2、下列词语中书写有误的一项是（）（2分）A.璀璨狼藉当之无愧锲而不舍B.蹒跚愧怍骇人听闻粗制滥造C.琐屑媲美诚惶诚恐一拍即合D.烦躁繁衍来势凶凶略胜一筹3、下列加点词语使用不恰当的一项是（）（2分）A.王教授德高望重，道貌岸然．．．．，在学术界很受人尊重。

B.向别人学习要有恭恭敬敬、老老实实的态度，自命清高．．．．是不可能学有所成的。

C.罪犯在作案时不可能不留下蛛丝马迹．．．．。

D.永远不要对他人的苦难无动于衷．．．．，因为谁也无法保证下一个不是你。

4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）（2分）A.一个人工作能力的高低，不在于他掌握了多少知识，关键看他做出突出的贡献。

B.他一走进运动场就感受到热烈的气氛和一张张快乐的笑脸。

C.真正地亲近自然，融入自然，这样，我们的情感就会更加丰富，我们的生活就会更加美好。

D.我们要引导广大青少年学生用美的心灵去感受世界，用美的眼光去聆听世界。

5、下列有关文学常识的说法有误的一项是（）（2分）A.《孟子》是儒家经典著作，记录了孟子的仁政、民本等政治主张。

B.《水浒传》故事情节紧张、生动、富于传奇性。

其中武松拳打镇关西、鲁智深倒拔垂杨柳、宋江智取生辰纲等故事脍炙人口。

C.雨果，法国作家，代表作有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》《九三年》《悲惨世界》等。

2019学年高一汉语文下学期期末考试试题（满分100分考试时间120分钟）（满分100分考试时间120分钟请将答案做在答题卷上）一、基础知识：(本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)1.下列各组加点字读音全部正确的一项是：（）A. 头衔．（xián）吝．惜（lìnɡ）磐．石（pán）崎岖．（qù）B. 滑稽．（jī）瞌．睡（kē）解剖．（pōu）苛．责（kē）C. 脸颊．（xiá）谛．听（dì）惋．惜（wàn）口哨．（shào）D. 蛮横．（hénɡ）门槛．（kǎn）干瘪．（biě）怯懦．（xū）2.下列各句中有错别字的一句是：（）A. 石拱桥的桥洞成弧形，就像虹。

B. 山如眉黛，小屋恰似眉梢的志一点。

C. 忽然抚尺一下，群响毕绝。

D. 在乌云密布的天幕上，你们无畏地向前……3.下列各项加点的字，读音完全相同的一项是：（）A.力量．胆量．量．刑量．体裁衣B.露．面露．宿泄露．原形毕露．C.酝酿．粮．食良．好琳琅．满目D.占．卜沾．光粘．贴拈．轻怕重4.下列对加点词在句中的含义解释有误的一项是：（）A. 桥上的石栏石板也雕刻得古朴．．美观。

古朴：朴素而有古代风格。

B. 有些批评家说，中国的诗人都带有很浓厚的颓废．．色彩。

颓废：意志消沉，精神萎靡。

C. 扎西是个有教养．．、有见识的人。

教养：文化和品德的修养。

D.贝多芬那深邃的眼睛略带灰色，有一种凝重．．不可逼视的光。

凝重：模糊不清。

5.下列加点成语运用正确的一项是：（）A、你们有不明白的地方，要及时向老师请教，要做到不耻下问．．．．。

B、扎西在数学课上看语文，而在语文课上看数学，真是学而不厌．．．．。

C、高中生要正确面对挫折和失败，不能怨天尤人．．．．，自暴自弃。

D、巴桑真的很喜欢读中外名著，简直是执迷不悟．．．．。

6.下列对病句的修改有误的一项是：（）A．我们只有保持良好的心态，认真复习，就能在考场上正常发挥，取得好成绩。

语言与文化一、单选题（题数：40，共40.0 分）1被称作“美国人类学之父”的是()。

（1.0分）A、索绪尔B、洪堡特C、康托尔D、鲍亚士正确答案： D2 “名无固宜,约之以命。

约定俗成谓之宜,异于约则谓之不宜。

”出自哪位文学家?()（1.0分）A、荀子B、孔子C、孟子D、老子正确答案： A3 ()是西藏那曲中“曲”的藏语含义。

（1.0分）A、湖泊B、河流C、丘陵D、山峰正确答案： B4 “包氏父子”属于哪种所指关系?()（1.0分）A、无限集B、空集C、不定集D、有限集正确答案： D5 ()是英语、汉语、傣语的亲属称谓中都有区分的语义特征。

（1.0分）A、血缘B、长幼C、远近D、性别正确答案： A6首先发现了最大序数悖论的数学家是()。

（1.0分）A、康托尔B、布拉里·福蒂C、华罗庚D、塞万提斯正确答案： A7语言起源的多元论指的是早期智人第几次走出非洲?()（1.0分）A、第四次B、第三次C、第二次D、第一次正确答案： C8我国哪位思想家提出过符号任意性原则?()（1.0分）A、孔子B、孟子C、老子D、荀子正确答案： D9自相论认为语言系统体现了人类什么能力?()（1.0分）A、语言能力B、后天经验能力C、语言能力和后天经验能力的交互作用。

D、遗传正确答案： C10 “语言是有限规则和单位生成无限的句子”这句话出自于哪位语言学家?()（1.0分）A、索绪尔B、洪堡特C、乔姆斯基D、韩里德正确答案： C11智人走出非洲称为()。

（1.0分）A、第一次走出非洲B、第二次走出非洲C、第三次走出非洲D、第四次走出非洲正确答案： B12在语言中形成的最为高级的语言是什么?()（1.0分）A、符号B、英语C、汉语D、数学正确答案： D13 ()是指由词演变成词组的过程。

（1.0分）A、虚化B、语法化C、词汇化D、组合正确答案： C14下列哪类人的进化程度更高?()（1.0分）A、北京人B、元谋人C、山顶洞人D、蓝田人正确答案： C15沃尔夫的()观点认为“同一个物理证据,并不是所有的观察者都得到相同的宇宙图式,除非他们的语言背景相同或相似。

2019年期末测试普通话试卷(附答案)班级姓名一、语言文字政策法规知识题 (每题1分；共10分)1.1982年通过《中华人民共和国宪法》第19条明确规定：（C）。

A.国家推广普通话B.推广全国通用的普通话C.国家推广全国通用的普通话2. 国家推广普通话；推行。

（A）A. 规范汉字B. 通用汉字C. 标准汉字3. 国家机关以为公务用语用字。

（B）A. 汉语和汉字B. 普通话和规范汉字C. 中文4.《普通话水平等级测试标准》将普通话水平划分为三个级别；每个级别内再划分为两个等次；其中最高水平和进入最低等级的水平分别为。

（A）A. 一级甲等和三级乙等B. 一级乙等和三级甲等C. 一级甲等和三级甲等5.推广普通话是促使公民普遍具备普通话应用能力；。

（B）A.在任何场合都说普通话；不说方言B. 在正式场合和公共交际场合说普通话C. 只在学校里说普通话6.提倡公共服务行业以为服务用语。

（A）A. 普通话B. 当地方言C. 普通话和当地方言7.国家机关工作人员应达到的普通话等级是不低于。

（C）A. 二级甲等B. 二级乙等C.三级甲等8.语文教师和对外汉语教师应达到的普通话等级是不低于。

（B）A.一级乙等B.二级甲等C.二级乙等9. 国家级电台电视台的播音员、节目主持人应达到的普通话等级是。

（A）A. 一级甲等B. 一级乙等C. 二级甲等10. 普通高等学校、中等职业学校的学生普通话水平应当分别达到以上水平。

（C）A.一级乙等B. 二级甲等C. 二级乙等二、汉语拼音知识（一）给词语选择正确的读音（每题0.5分；共10分）1.号召 A.hào zhào B.hào zhāo2.因为 A.yīn wèi B.yīn wéi3.娱乐 A.yù lè B.yú lè4.兴奋 A.xīnɡ fèn B.xìnɡfèn5.符合 A.fú hé B.fǔ hé6.处理 A.chù lǐ B.chǔlǐ7.着急 A.zhāo jí B.zháo jí 8.卓越 A.zhuó yuè B.zhuō yuè9.包庇 A.bāo pì B.bāo bì 10.答谢 A.dā xiè B.dá xiè11.花蕾 A.huā lěi B.huā léi 12.可憎 A.kě zēnɡ B.kě zènɡ13.分泌 A.fēn bì B.fēn mì 14.称心 A.chèn xīn B.chènɡ xīn 15.模型 A.mó xínɡ B.mú xínɡ 16.亚军 A.yǎ jūn B.yà jūn 17.中肯 A.zhōnɡ kěn B.zhònɡ kěn 18.感召 A.ɡǎn zhào B.ɡǎn zhāo 19.生肖 A.shēnɡ xiào B.shēnɡ xiāo 20.茶几 A.chá jī B.chá jǐ（二）、普通话异读词选择（每题2分；共10分）1.给“挨个、窗框、勉强、相似、暂时”注音；全部正确的一组是 (D)A. āiɡè cuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zhàn shíB. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zhàn shíC. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ shì zàn shíD. āiɡè chuānɡ kuànɡ miǎn qiǎnɡ xiānɡ sì zàn shí2.给“挨打、钞票、教诲、危险、憎恨”注音；全部正确的一组是 (B)A. āi dǎ chǎo piào jiào huǐ wēi xiǎn zènɡ hènB. ái dǎ chāo piào jiào huì wēi xiǎn zēnɡ hènC. ái dǎ chāo piào jiào huǐ wēi xiǎn zènɡ hènD. āi dǎ chǎo piào jiào huì wéi xiǎn zēnɡ hèn3.给“多么、卑鄙、惩罚、比较、一匹马”注音；全部正确的一组是 (C)A. duó me bēi bì chěnɡ fá bǐjiǎo yīpǐmǎB. duó me bēi bǐ chénɡ fá bǐjiǎo yīpīmǎC. duō me bēi bǐ chénɡ fá bǐjiào yīpǐmǎD. duō me bēi bì chěnɡ fá bǐjiào yīpīmǎ4.给“洞穴、处理、一会儿、号召、着急”注音；全部正确的一组是 (A)A. dònɡ xué chǔlǐ yīhuìer hào zhào zháo jíB. dònɡ xuè chùlǐ yīhuìer hào zhāo zhāo jíC. dònɡ xuè chǔlǐ yīhuǐer hào zhào zhāo jíD. dònɡ xué chùlǐ yīhuǐer hào zhāo zháo jí5.给“胆怯、琴弦、恶劣、唾沫、包庇”注音；全部正确的一组是 (A)A. dǎn qiè qín xián èliè tuòm o bāo bìB. dǎn què qín xüán èlì tuòm o bāo pìC. dǎn qiè qín xián èliè tuòm e bāo pìD. dǎn què qín xüán èlì tuòm e bāo bì三、语文基础知识（每题2分；共 40分）1．下列句子中没有错字的一句是。

2019年下期七年级期末质量检测（人教部编版）语文试题第Ⅰ卷（共24分）一、（18分）1.下面加点字注音正确的一项是( )（3分）A.侍．弄（sì）感慨．（kǎi）分歧（qí）哄．堂大笑（hōng）B.掺．和（chān）开辟．（pì）钦．差(qīng) 三省．吾身（xǐng）C.脑髓．（suǐ）干涸．（hé）主角． (jué) 随声附和．（hè）D.称．职（chèng）热忱．（chén）顷．刻（qǐng）咄．咄逼人(duō)2.下列语句中书写不正确的一项是( )（3分）A.朋友，你可曾在茫茫大雾中航行过，在雾中神情紧张地驾驶着一条大船，小心翼翼地缓慢地向对岸驶去？B.我往下看，感到阵阵晕眩；一股无名的力量好像正在逼迫我掉下去。

C.我心里十分地难过，真的，我的良心受伤了，我没有判断明白，便妄下断语，冤枉了一只不能说话辩诉的动物。

D.只有在雨中，我才真正感到这世界是活的，是有欢乐和泪水的。

但在北方干躁的城市，我们的相逢是多么稀少！3.下列选项中加点词运用有误的一项是( )（3分）A.上课铃声响起，同学们赶紧进入教室，楼道里人迹罕至．．．．。

B.2020年房价会降吗？这些专家的看法竟大相径庭．．．．。

C.“寻找最美乡村教师”的颁奖仪式隆重而热烈，孩子们用纯真的歌声，发自肺腑地向老师致敬，在场的观众都情不自禁．．．．地流下泪水。

D.我们语文老师范读课文既流利又抑扬顿挫．．．．，很具有感染力。

4.下列说法不正确的一项是( )（3分）A.曹操，字孟德，东汉末政治家、军事家、诗人。

著有《孙子略解》《兵法接要》，诗歌《蒿里行》《观沧海》《龟虽寿》《短歌行》等。

B.《论语》是由孔子及其弟子的编写的，以语录体和对话体为主，记录孔子及其弟子的言行，是儒家经典著作之一，东汉列为“七经”之一，宋代把它与《大学》《中庸》《孟子》合称为“四书”。

全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming theirnewly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea1D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?2A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded student3B. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning differentfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”in China.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

2019年7月国开(中央电大)汉语言本科《教育学》期末考试试题及答案说明：试卷号：1291；考试：形考手段为纸质(比例30%)，终考手段纸质(比例70%)。

一、选择题1.制约教育发展的规模与速度的因素有(AE)。

A.人口数量与增长率B.人口质量C.人口结构D.政治制度E.生产力发展水平2.教育目的是教育活动的出发点和归宿，其层次的多样性，它的功能有(ABCD)。

A.定向功能B.调控功能C.激励功能D.评价功能E.衍生功能3.我国现行的学校教育系统的级别层次包括(ABCD)。

A.学前教育B.初等教育C.中等教育D.高等教育E.研究生教育4.下列哪种是德育教育中的认知明理法？(ABCD)A.讲解B.报告C.座谈讨论D.阅读E.表扬和奖励5.身体发育异常显著，性意识开始萌芽，独立性和判断能力增强，开始要摆脱成人的束缚，这些特征是人的身心发展处在(D)时期的表现。

A.婴儿期B.幼儿期C.儿童期D.少年期E.青年期二、辨析题6.教育起源于动物的本能。

错。

教育是人类特有的一种社会现象，是培养人的一种社会活动。

动物的活动源于其生存本能，而非教育。

7.隐性课程是学校课程的重要组成部分。

对。

隐性课程是不在教学计划中反映的、不通过正式教学进行的，对学生的知识、情感、意志、行为和价值观等方面起潜移默化的作用，促进或干扰教育目标实现的课程，隐性课程是所有学校文化要素的集合，它无所不在、无所不包，其对学生的影响在潜移默化中进行，因此，隐性课程非常重要，是学校课程的重要组成部分之一。

三、简答题8.简述人的身心发展规律。

答：人的身心发展的规律包括：(1)顺序性，个体的身心发展是有一定顺序、持续不断的发展过程。

(2)阶段性，人的身心发展是一个持续不断的、从量变到质变的过程，不同的发展阶段呈现出不同的发展特征，面临着不同的发展任务。

(3)不均衡性，即个体身心发展过程中所表现出来的非均等速度和非线性的特征。

(4)个别差异性，即儿童的身心受各种因素影响呈现出共同特征的同时又有变异性，呈现出差异性。

2019年《大学语文》期末考试500题【含答案】一、选择题1．北岛的诗作《回答》首先发表于（ C ）。

A.《北岛顾城诗选》B.《诗刊》C.《今天》D.《北岛诗歌集》2．“死是一件无须乎着急去做的事，是一件无论怎样耽搁也不会错过了的事，一个必然会降临的节日。

”这段话出自史铁生的( C )。

A.《我的遥远的清平湾》B.《病隙碎笔》C.《我与地坛》D.《务虚笔记》3．下列作品中和《命若琴弦》的主题寓意相近的是：( B )A.《我的信仰》B.《西绪福斯神话》C.《大自然在反抗》D.《我有一个梦想》4．《命若琴弦》的体裁是：( A )A.小说B.散文C.诗歌D.戏剧5．“莽莽苍苍的群山之中走着两个瞎子，一老一少，一前一后，两顶发了黑的草帽起伏躜动，匆匆忙忙，像是随着一条不安静的河水在漂流。

无所谓从哪儿来，到哪儿去，也无所谓谁是谁……”这段文字的象征意义是：( D )A.两代人的盲目和孤独B.人类在宇宙中的困境C.生命的延续和轮回D.人类的生存困境和顽强抗争的精神6．“命若琴弦”的寓意是：( C )A.生命如同琴弦般脆弱。

B.命运如同琴弦般脆弱易断。

C.人的生命如同琴弦，拉紧了才能弹出美妙的乐曲。

D.人的生命如同琴弦，拉紧了容易断裂。

7．《命若琴弦》中的老瞎子最后将一个善意的谎言告诉小瞎子，需要弹断( C ) 根琴弦，才能使眼睛复明。

他知道，再怎么弹也弹不断那么多根琴弦。

A.1000B.1100C.1200D.8008．下列哪位作家不是北京人？（ A ）A.王安忆B.史铁生C.王小波D.王朔9．汤显祖字义仍，号海若，又号海若居士，别号清远道人，其居室称（ B ）A.玉砚堂B.玉茗堂C.静览堂D.味知堂10．“朦胧诗派”的得名最初源于评论家的否定性评价：( C )A.《在新的崛起面前》B.《新的美学原则的崛起》C.《令人气闷的“朦胧”》D.《崛起的诗群》11．阿尔贝尔•史怀泽是( C )国神学家.哲学博士和医生A.英B.美C.法D.德12．“瘦的耕牛和更瘦的人，/都是病，不是风景！”出自诗人( B )的《风景》。

2019年大学语文期末考试复习试题（含答案）一、选择题1．下列作品，属于楚辞体的是（）A.《蒹葭》B.《湘夫人》C.《饮酒》（其五）D.《行路难》（其一）答案：B2．《哦，香雪》以“哦，香雪!香雪!”的反复呼告收结，所表现的复杂情感有（ ABCD ） A．对贫穷落后的怜悯B．对现代文明的召唤C．对质朴心灵的赞叹D．对这质朴美可能被现代文明吞没的担忧E．对现代文明改变质朴美的企盼全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试大学语文试题2011年10月高等教育自学考试《大学语文》试题分析一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

3．下列《断魂枪》的语句中，属于孙老者肖像描写的有（）A.两眼明得像霜夜的大星B.一脸横肉，努着对大黑眼珠C.眼珠可黑得像两口小井D.黑眼珠更深更小了，像两个香火头E.嘴上几根细黄胡解析：考点是课文。

选项A是沙子龙，选项B是王三胜。

答案：C、D、E第一部分选择题4．下列议论文，善于运用类比论证方法的有（）A.庄子《秋水》（节选）B.梁启超《论毅力》C.胡适《容忍与自由》D.钱钟书《吃饭》E.爱因斯坦《我的世界观》解析：考点是语文知识和课文。

答案：A、B、D5．下列作品，体现“含泪的微笑”独特风格的是（）A.《苦恼》B.《麦琪的礼物》C.《婴宁》D.《哦，香雪》解析：课文、考试大纲、考试提示都有明确说明。

答案：B6．戴望舒《雨巷》的主要表现方法是（）A.象征B.烘托C.对比D.类比答案：A7．李清照《声声慢》（寻寻觅觅）中，隐含家破人亡之痛的词句是（）A.乍暖还寒时候，最难将息B.三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急C.雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识D.满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘解析：教材提示。

答案：C8．鲁迅在他的杂文《灯下漫笔》中指出的“第三样时代”的含义是（ C ）A.想做奴隶而不得的时代B.暂时做稳了奴隶的时代C.人民当家做主的时代D.封建社会的时代9．《陌上桑》中，拒绝使君“共载”所表现的罗敷性格特征是（）A.机智B.坚贞C.善良D.温柔答案：B10．司马迁在《李将军列传》中用“桃李不言，下自成蹊”的谚语来隐喻李广（ A ）A.不善言辞，以身作则，众人拥护B.廉洁轻财，爱护士兵，负能使性C.忠实诚信，口讷少言，临危不惧D.骁勇善战，处变不惊，善于骑射11．《前赤壁赋》“主客对话”中，“客”的主要情感倾向是（）A.功名难就B.乐观旷达C.人生无常D.适意自然解析：通过阅读文章可知，“客”方由对人生的短暂无常而衍生出一种悲观情绪，所以，主要要情感倾向正是“人生无常”。